Sport, Culture, and Society
Final Exam
Course Introduction
This course examines the complex relationship between sport, culture, and society, exploring how athletic activities both reflect and shape social values, identities, and power structures. Students will analyze the roles that class, race, gender, politics, and economics play in the world of sports, and will consider how sporting institutions influence issues such as nationalism, community, and social change. Through interdisciplinary perspectives, the course encourages critical thinking about the significance of sport across different global and historical contexts, and how it functions as a key site of cultural expression, negotiation, and contestation.
Recommended Textbook
Sports in Society Issues and Controversies12th Edition by Jay Coakley
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16 Chapters
828 Verified Questions
828 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: The Sociology of Sport: What Is It and Why Study
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45 Verified Questions
45 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) When people in a society generally see the body as machine and sport as performance,it is likely that
A)they will focus on bodily pleasure and joy in sports.
B)athletes will use technology to control and manage their bodies.
C)there will be no need for drug testing in sports.
D)people will view their bodies as unchangeable and beautiful.
Answer: B
Q2) Sports are logical topics for sociologists to study because
A)sports are more important than families are for most people.
B)media coverage has distorted the meaning and purpose of sports.
C)sports are such a pervasive part of many people's lives today.
D)nearly everyone in the world plays sports on a regular basis.
Answer: C
Q3) According to the author,culture consists of
A)rules and procedures that some people impose on others.
B)activities such as opera and classical music.
C)ways of living that are common only among upper-class people.
D)ways of life that people create as they live together.
Answer: D
Page 3
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Chapter 2: Producing Knowledge About Sports in Society:
What Is the Role of Research and Theory
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30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The author explains that sports are more than reflections of society because they are sites where
A)people have important personal and social experiences.
B)society and culture are created and reproduced.
C)social differences are meaningless.
D)there is no social inequality.
Answer: B
Q2) When Messner collected and analyzed data on the organization of the AYSO leagues and teams he found that they were organized in ways that A)made people very aware of gender.
B)eliminated the influence of gender.
C)created highly gendered experiences.
D)gave women formal authority over men.
Answer: C
Q3) Theories that used concepts such as role model and identity are A)interactionist theories.
B)cultural theories.
C)structural theories.
D)psycho-social theories.
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Sports and Socialization: Who Plays and What Happens to Them
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42 Verified Questions
42 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Data on health,physical activity,and sports indicates that
A)some competitive sports have high health costs because injury rates are high.
B)playing rigorous competitive sports extends life expectancy beyond average.
C)good medical care has made most heavy-contact sports safer than aerobics.
D)playing competitive sports involves pressures to avoid playing while injured.
Answer: A
Q2) When Konstantinos Koukouris interviewed former athletes in Greece,he discovered that decisions to end or change sport participation were primarily associated with A)being cut by a coach or sponsor who criticized their sport skills.
B)the need to take responsibility for their own lives and support themselves.
C)a personal desire to cut all ties with sports and sports lifestyles.
D)a refusal to use new technologies for high performance training.
Answer: B
Q3) The author uses the term "social world" to refer to a
A)special place that people go to enjoy relationships with other people.
B)set of relationships that dominate a person's life.
C)way of life and mindset that people develop in a particular setting.
D)set of media-generated images that shape how people think and act.
Answer: C
Page 5
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Chapter 4: Sports for Children: Are Organized Programs
Worth the Effort
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35 Verified Questions
35 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The author suggests that because children today seldom play informal games,there is a need for
A)hybrid sports.
B)school sports.
C)parent-controlled sports.
D)video game sports.
Q2) The Youth Sports National Report Card described in the chapter has
A)a major impact on privately organized youth sports programs.
B)forced parents and coaches to make significant changes in their behavior.
C)given parents a way to control the leagues in which their children participate.
D)no significant impact on youth sports in the United States.
Q3) According to the author,youth sports in the United States today are
A)a fragmented,disjointed,and uncoordinated mix bag of programs.
B)centrally governed by a new national youth sports government agency.
C)all organized around the same goals and purposes.
D)based on research evidence related to childhood development.
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Chapter 5: Deviance in Sports: Is It Out of Control
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60 Verified Questions
60 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT true about norms?
A)They differ from one situation to the next.
B)They exist only in formal social situations.
C)They include both written laws and unwritten customs.
D)They are used to identify deviance.
Q2) Anarchy is the social condition that exists when
A)people use an absolutist approach to deviance.
B)law enforcement officers are overtrained.
C)supranormal actions are out of control.
D)widespread underconformity creates general lawlessness.
Q3) Research on sport participation and general delinquency rates generally shows that delinquency rates among athletes are
A)often lower than rates for other students from similar backgrounds.
B)always higher than rates among other students from similar backgrounds.
C)lower than rates among other students only for football players.
D)higher among golfers and tennis players than among football players.
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Chapter 6: Violence in Sports: Does It Affect Our Lives
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49 Verified Questions
49 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Athletes may be marginalized or formally punished if they engage in A)brutal body contact or criminal violence.
B)quasi-criminal or criminal violence.
C)borderline violence or quasi-criminal violence.
D)violent overconformity or criminal violence.
Q2) Learning to use violence as a strategy in sports tends to be highest in A)noncontact sports.
B)heavy contact sports.
C)sports which attract spectators from upper-income groups.
D)sports in which there is no protective equipment used by players.
Q3) Information on violence in women's contact sports suggests that women are
A)genetically predisposed to be less violent than men are.
B)more likely than men to be violent in response to the commands of a coach.
C)less likely than men to use violence as proof of their sexual identity.
D)becoming less violent in sports as rewards for success become greater.
Q4) The goal of sociological research on violence among athletes is to A)identify violent athletes and isolate them from those they may hurt.
B)understand violence in the context in which it occurs.
C)eliminate all brutal body contact in sports.
D)let athletes know what women really think of them.
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Chapter 7: Gender and Sports: Is Equity Possible
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74 Verified Questions
74 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Former Stanford athlete and current author Mariah Burton Nelson has hypothesized that as women gain more power in society,men
A)tend to drop out of sports.
B)seek out gender-mixed sports so they can compete against women.
C)avoid heavy contact and collision sports as spectators.
D)prefer manly sports such as football.
Q2) During times when there are struggles between gender defenders and gender benders,most people
A)struggle to make sense of their own sexuality.
B)abandon hope of coming to term with their own sexuality.
C)find it difficult to give up ideas and beliefs they use to make sense of the world.
D)seek relationships in which sexuality is irrelevant to identity.
Q3) Data on participation and gender indicate that in comparison with the Olympic Games,the Paralympic games
A)highlight women's events more than men's events.
B)have far fewer females athletes than male athletes.
C)exclude women from events involving strength.
D)have equal numbers of male and female athletes.
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Chapter 8: Race and Ethnicity:
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63 Verified Questions
63 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The NCAA allowed Florida State University to keep their mascot Chief Osceola and his horse Seminole,because the university
A)funds political action to eliminate poverty among Native Americans.
B)bans the sale of any items containing the image of their chief.
C)has permission from a few tribal representatives to use their name and image.
D)donates profits from "Osceola products" to schools for Seminole children.
Q2) Dominant racial ideology in the U.S.during most of the 20<sup>th</sup> century was based on the belief that whiteness was a pure and innately special racial category.This belief
A)enabled all ethnic groups from Europe to qualify for immediate citizenship.
B)has created a deep cultural acceptance of racial segregations and inequalities.
C)has provided strong support for affirmative action policies.
D)created a link between skin color and athletic potential.
Q3) The sport participation patterns of undocumented workers from Latin America are A)the same as their co-workers who are born in the U.S.
B)usually tied to their jobs and sponsorship support from their bosses.
C)shaped by the need to learn English and interact with U.S.citizens.
D)largely unknown because reliable data are difficult to obtain.
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10
Chapter 9: Social Class: Do Money and Power Matter in Sports
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56 Verified Questions
56 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) When tax money is used to build sport stadiums and arenas for professional teams,one of the main results is that
A)public money is transferred to wealthy individuals and corporations.
B)revenue streams at the stadium help to build public schools and parks.
C)women and minorities receive many new,high paying job opportunities.
D)everyone has more opportunities to attend games at reasonable prices.
Q2) When school sports depend on corporate sponsors,the main problem is that
A)corporate executives want free tickets to all games.
B)corporations usually sponsor only the sports that promote their interests.
C)corporations demand that athletes also are good students.
D)many corporate stockholders are strongly opposed to public education.
Q3) Male athletes from poor and working class households often use sport participation as a means of obtaining A)acceptance by their parents.
B)job skills that could be used if they did not attend college.
C)respect and a foundation for their identities.
D)the material things that other young people had.
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Page 11
Chapter 10: Age and Ability: Barriers to Participation and Inclusion
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52 Verified Questions
52 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Special education teacher and physical educator Bob Szyman has been working to establish sports for students with a disability.One of his biggest challenges is that students with a disability were
A)given so much homework that they seldom could attend practices.
B)not supported by their parents and other family members.
C)unwilling to share facilities with other teams at their schools.
D)so accustomed to being excluded that they have no expectation to be included.
Q2) In their study of two Paralympic promotion campaigns,Silva and Howe found that representations of athletes in the Paralympics varied widely and often created controversy.They attributed this to the fact that
A)people do not want to see athletes with physical or intellectual impairments.
B)most people have ageist attitudes and refuse to change them.
C)there is little consensus today on how disability should be represented in sports events.
D)sport is about excellence,and disability makes excellence impossible.
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Sports and the Economy: What Are the
Characteristics of Commercial Sports
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73 Verified Questions
73 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The emergence and growth of commercial sports depends on whether they
A)attract the attention and support of powerful political leaders.
B)generate revenues from multiple sources.
C)present fans with exciting,uncontrolled forms of violence.
D)eliminate competing forms of entertainment in society.
Q2) The relationships between the team owners in the major professional team sports in North America are most accurately described as forms of
A)free enterprise competition.
B)legal monopolies.
C)civic charity.
D)illegal trusts.
Q3) Over the past 40 years the people who have bought and sold teams in the NBA,NFL,NHL,and Major League Baseball have generally
A)lost money on the sale but made money on annual gate receipts.
B)used their popularity to begin political careers.
C)made money but lost most of it to taxes.
D)made vast amounts of money on the sales.
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Sports and the Media: Could They Survive
Without Each Other
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58 Verified Questions
58 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Golf and tennis are frequently covered sports on television because they A)have more viewers than most other sport events.
B)are tied to the real estate and corporate interests of television executives.
C)attract revenues from companies hoping to reach high-income consumers.
D)have a special character that attracts people interested in pure sports.
Q2) It you regularly watch women's sports on network TV,the sport you see most often is A)swimming.
B)tennis.
C)softball.
D)basketball.
Q3) The chapter on sports and the media is based on the assumption that A)human beings around the world are shaped by the media.
B)the power of the media has no limits.
C)media content informs people's lives and social worlds.
D)most people define the media as unimportant in their lives.
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Chapter 13: Sports and Politics: How Do Governments and Global
Political Processes Influence Sports
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41 Verified Questions
41 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Nationalistic themes in media coverage of international sports are now accompanied and sometimes obscured by images and narratives that promote
A)social justice and human rights.
B)political differences between nations.
C)corporate interests and products.
D)the patriotism of athletes and coaches.
Q2) In the box,Olympism and the Olympic Games,the suggestions for reforming the Olympic Games include
A)selecting a permanent site for the Olympic Games.
B)eliminating all medals and individual awards during the Olympics.
C)promoting the Olympics as "wars without weapons."
D)replacing the current Olympic motto.
Q3) Which of the following statements related to globalization and athlete migration is NOT true?
A)More U.S.-born basketball players play outside the U.S.than in the NBA.
B)80% of the player in the National Hockey League are born outside the U.S.
C)Athletes from the U.S.seldom play professionally in other countries.
D)Olympic swimmer Missy Franklin is eligible for Canada's Olympic team.
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Chapter 14: Sports in High School and College: Do
Competitive Sports Contribute to Education
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69 Verified Questions
69 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Recently passed rules for defining academic progress and graduation rates for NCAA Division I teams shift more responsibility for academic reform to A)the athletes who have scholarships.
B)the parents of incoming athletes.
C)faculty mentors and advisors.
D)athletic departments and universities.
Q2) High school athletes today have been raised in a culture emphasizing self-improvement,growth,and achievement.This leads them to A)be demanding of coaches and seek individual support from athletic departments. B)quit playing a sport if they do not get their way.
C)drop out of expensive club programs and seek free public high school programs. D)seek out schools known more for academic success than success in sports.
Q3) Research done by Patti and Peter Adler indicated that the male athletes in a big-time intercollegiate basketball program
A)experienced academic detachment after one or two semesters. B)came to college with no intention of being serious about academic work.
C)gradually learned to choose courses that were academically challenging. D)were forced to interact with people not connected with their team.
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Chapter 15: Sports and Religions: Is It a Promising
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Sample Questions
Q1) The popularity of sports among men in Islamic nations is often tied to A)the religious beliefs of their fathers.
B)their ideas about modesty and humility.
C)the strength of their commitment to Islamic beliefs.
D)expressions of political and cultural nationalism.
Q2) Muslim women in sports are active subjects who introduce new ideas about what it means to be a Muslim woman.At the same time,these women
A)are role models who lead younger women to abandon their religious beliefs.
B)create conflicts that increase the problems that other women experience.
C)are objects used by people as they debate issues of morality and change.
D)undermine progressive changes in all nations worldwide.
Q3) Religions share certain characteristics with ideologies,but they differ in that ideologies focus mostly on
A)the material world.
B)the metaphysical world.
C)the imagined world.
D)the spiritual world.
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Page 17
Chapter 16: Sports in the Future: What Do We Want
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38 Verified Questions
38 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) When joining opposition groups to establish a vantage point for changing sports,a person is most likely to be successful when working to
A)oppose mega-events such as the Olympic Games.
B)create more diverse sport spaces at a local level.
C)defeat legislation to build costly stadiums with public funds.
D)establish media coverage of a new sport played by low-income girls.
Q2) The sponsorship of power and performance sports is generally motivated by the idea that it is important to be associated with
A)masses of people participating in sports.
B)athletes and teams who are currently winners.
C)athletes who do community service.
D)groups of spectators known for their enthusiastic support.
Q3) Using interactionist theories as a guide for changing sports would lead to an emphasis on
A)achieving personal and radical goals.
B)changing patterns of organization in sport organizations.
C)developing alliances with people in sports.
D)a strategic focus on inclusion and transformation.
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