Sport and Social Change
Exam Bank
Course Introduction
Sport and Social Change explores the dynamic relationship between athletic practices and broader societal transformations. This course examines how sports have influenced and been influenced by issues such as race, gender, class, national identity, and social justice movements throughout history and in contemporary contexts. Through case studies, critical readings, and discussions, students analyze the role of athletes, fans, institutions, and media in shaping social norms and promoting or challenging change. The course encourages students to consider the power of sport as both a reflection of and catalyst for social progress, while critically engaging with the complexities and controversies inherent in the intersection of sport and society.
Recommended Textbook
Sports in Society Issues and Controversies 11th Edition by Jay Coakley
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15 Chapters
798 Verified Questions
798 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: The Sociology of Sport: What Is It and Why Study
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Q1) Sports are logical topics for sociologists to study because
A)sports are more important than families are for most people.
B)media coverage has distorted the meaning and purpose of sports.
C)sports are such a pervasive part of many people's lives today..
D)nearly everyone in the world plays sports on a regular basis.
Answer: C
Q2) When sociologists study ideologies, they focus on
A)the social characteristics of extremist groups
B)webs of ideas and beliefs that people use to make sense of the world.
C)how people struggle to dominate each other in social groups.
D)beliefs and orientations that are grounded in human biology.
Answer: B
Q3) Sport facilities and programs are most likely to be supported by government agencies and tax money when people see sports as
A)promoting the development of individuals.
B)benefiting the expansion of particular businesses.
C)contributing to the common good.
D)reaffirming the status quo.
Answer: C
Page 3
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Chapter 2: Producing Knowledge About Sports in Society:
How Is Knowledge Produced in the Sociology of Sport
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Q1) When Messner and his colleagues analyzed local network sports news and ESPN Sports Center coverage, they
A)used data collected through participant observation.
B)deconstructed narratives and images from the broadcasts.
C)focused on information collected through in-depth interviews with broadcasters.
D)used data collected through nonparticipant observation.
Answer: A
Q2) The author points out that knowledge produced by research in the sociology of sport can be used to
A)improve our sport performances.
B)inform the decisions we make about sports and sport participation.
C)understand more fully the strategies used by coaches.
D)create training programs that will prevent serious injuries.
Answer: B
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4
Chapter 3: Sports and Socialization: Who Plays and What Happens to Them
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Q1) Nancy Theberge's study of an elite women's ice hockey team in Canada found that locker room interaction among the players involved
A)hostile remarks about sex and sexuality.
B)degrading talk about men and relationships with men.
C)controlled forms of expression through which feelings were often hidden.
D)talk that gave meaning to the experience of playing hockey.
Answer: D
Q2) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of power and performance sports?
A)An emphasis on winning and setting records.
B)Proving excellence through competitive success.
C)Pushing human limits and dominating opponents.
D)Avoiding technology that might improve performance.
Answer: D
Q3) The research done by Eric Anderson prior to 2001 generally indicated that
A)anti-gay locker room talk was never taken serious by gay or lesbian athletes.
B)team sports were more gay-friendly than individual sports.
C)gay men and lesbians seldom took sports seriously in their lives.
D)combining a gay identity with a sport identity often was challenging.
Answer: D
Page 5
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Chapter 4: Sports for Children: Are Organized Programs
Worth the Effort
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Q1) Project Play, organized by ESPN journalist Tom Farrey, is focused on using youth sports to develop
A)Olympic athletes.
B)physical literacy.
C)young people who succeed in school.
D)political and economic leaders.
Q2) Research indicates that the talent development process for people who excel in a particular activity begins with
A)an understanding that sacrifice and constant practice are required.
B)structured activities and adult guidance.
C)exploration, unstructured play, and expressive fun in an activity.
D)highly repetitive experiences organized around a particular activity.
Q3) Different sponsors of youth sport programs have different goals.The programs that are most likely to be inclusive and emphasize overall participation are those
A)sponsored by private, non-profit organizations.
B)sponsored by public, non-profit community organizations.
C)sponsored by public, tax-supported community recreation organizations.
D)sponsored by private commercial clubs.
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Chapter 5: Deviance in Sports: Is It Out of Control
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Q1) The sport ethic becomes a source of dangerous deviance in sports when
A)athletes raise too many questions about its meaning.
B)people in sports don't set boundaries to limit overconformity to the ethic.
C)athletes reject the norms of the sport ethic and make up their own rules.
D)referees do not take the sport ethic seriously when they enforce rules.
Q2) Research on normative overconformity suggests that if we wish to understand this form of deviance we must
A)study child athletes rather than adult athletes.
B)avoid studying athletes in sports where injury rates are relatively high.
C)critically examine the organization and dynamics of elite sport cultures.
D)try to identify personality defects in athletes who overconform to norms.
Q3) It has become difficult to determine what actions are deviant and what actions are accepted parts of athletic training today because
A)athletic training occurs in settings where athletes are difficult to observe.
B)athletes tend to be less moral than other people.
C)people in sport organizations don't care about ethical issues.
D)all training involves surpassing limits that are accepted as normal in society.
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Chapter 6: Violence in Sports: How Does It Affect Our Lives
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Q1) Most sociological research on sport spectator violence has been done by scholars in A)North America.
B)South america.
C)Asia.
D)Europe.
Q2) In the information on terrorism it is noted that A)since 9/11/2001, security at sport events has actually decreased. B)there has never been a case of terrorism at a major sport event. C)sports can't be separated from aspects of social life that inspire terrorism. D)terrorists are regularly arrested at sport events in the U.S.
Q3) As defined in the chapter, aggression refers to A)an instinctive behavior that serves to protect oneself in the face of threat. B)a category of behaviors that lack an awareness of or sensitivity to others. C)any action that results in property destruction or injuries to people. D)verbal or physical actions intended to control or do harm to another person.
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Chapter 7: Gender and Sports: Is Equity Possible
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Q1) Despite the influence of Title IX, it has been difficult to achieve gender equity in schools where
A)football is the cultural centerpiece of school and community life.
B)men outnumber women by more than 2-to-1.
C)football teams have been dropped to save money.
D)varsity soccer and basketball teams generate massive revenues.
Q2) The author claims that achieving full gender equity in sports requires
A)more regulations about how money is used to fund sports.
B)a commitment among men to respect women as human beings.
C)changes in orthodox gender ideology.
D)the elimination of all men from women's programs.
Q3) In the chapter it is noted that full gender equity depends on developing alternative definitions of masculinity and femininity combined with
A)changing the way many sports are organized and played.
B)altering sports so men and women can compete against each other.
C)increasing the number of women coaches in youth sports programs.
D)passing new laws that go beyond Title IX.
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Chapter 8: Race and Ethnicity:
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Q1) When "whiteness" is used as the taken-for-granted standard against which everything else is viewed, the success of black athletes is
A)explained in terms of cultural factors by whites.
B)seen by whites as a "problem" in need of explanation.
C)seldom covered in the mainstream media.
D)defined by whites as a result of luck.
Q2) Data on sport participation patterns among African Americans indicates that they A)make up nearly eighty percent of all professional athletes in the U.S.
B)remain underrepresented in most pro and amateur sports.
C)have not experienced racial segregation in sports since the Civil War.
D)have always received better media press coverage than white athletes.
Q3) When European peoples were exploring and colonizing the globe, they developed racial classification systems and ideologies allowing them to conclude that
A)white-skinned people deserved their power around the world.
B)dark-skinned people had histories similar to histories of white Europeans.
C)dark-skinned people were physically handicapped.
D)people from cold climates were stronger than people from warm climates.
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Social Class: Do Money and Power Matter in Sports
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Q1) At the same time that public money in cities and states has been used to fund the construction of sport venues
A)the price of tickets has declined except in luxury boxes.
B)fewer average people can afford to buy tickets to see local teams.
C)the taxes generated by those facilities has increased dramatically. d, lasting social unity has been created by sports in those cities and states.
Q2) In the example of how age relations operate in sports, it was explained that the organization of youth sport programs generally reflects
A)adults' ideas about what children should be doing and learning.
B)the needs of children who seek exciting physical challenges.
C)the needs of elite sport programs in the nation.
D)managerial approaches used by adults in major corporations.
Q3) When there are budget shortfalls, the high school sport programs most likely to be cut are in communities where there are
A)many private sport programs for young people.
B)problems with public mass transportation.
C)large corporations willing to fund community-based sports.
D)large proportions of low-income families.
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Chapter 10: Age and Ability: Barriers to Participation and Inclusion
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Q1) The term "handicapped" refers to
A)people who have impairments that potentially limit sport participation.
B)people with disabilities who are unwilling to play sports.
C)the consequence of being defined as inferior due to perceived disabilites.
D)an inability to move easily in physical environments.
Q2) The Special Olympics is the most successful disability sport organization in the world.It sponsors and organizes over 50,000 competitions each year.The main criticism of the Special Olympics is that
A)the organization depends too much on the name and reputation of its founder.
B)there are not enough volunteers to sustain events year after year.
C)participants don't develop functional skills or become integrated into the community.
D)most people with an intellectual disability work full-time and can't participate.
Q3) Which of the following would be out of place in the Empire of the Normal?
A)High rates of loneliness among people with a disability.
B)Sport leagues that mix ability levels and include people with a disability.
C)Few people with a disability in public places.
D)High school sport programs with no opportunities for students with a disability.
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Sports and the Economy: What Are the
Characteristics of Commercial Sports
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Q1) Data on athletes' salaries show that
A)athletes have always made at least 5 times more than average U.S.families.
B)the salary gap between the highest and lowest paid athletes has increased.
C)no athletes make only the minimum salary in the major men's team sports.
D)since 1975, athletes' salaries have declined in inflation adjusted terms.
Q2) Class relations are connected with commercial sports in any society because A)low-income people use sports to resist traditional class ideology.
B)people with money promote and sponsor sports that fit their interests.
C)commercial sports usually recruit athletes from low-income backgrounds.
D)people are attracted to sports played by people with power and wealth.
Q3) As corporate sponsorships are used as the sole basis of support for amateur athletes and sport organizations, amateur sports will come to depend on the A)income earning potential of amateur athletes.
B)business training of amateur sport officials.
C)socially progressive visions of sports that corporate executives have.
D)prosperity of market economies and the profits of large corporations.
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Chapter 12: Sports and the Media: Could They Survive
Without Each Other
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Q1) The chapter on sports and the media is based on the assumption that
A)human beings around the world are shaped by the media.
B)the power of the media has no limits.
C)media content informs people's lives and social worlds.
D)most people define the media as unimportant in their lives.
Q2) Research shows that color-blind media coverage of sports
A)privileges athletes of color and disadvantages white athletes.
B)should be the goal of all people in the media.
C)misses important parts of sport reality and reproduces the status quo.
D)allows journalists with knowledge about ethnic groups to get ahead.
Q3) When cable and satellite companies (like Comcast and Direct TV) bundle channels and sell those bundles to consumers, the people who are regular viewers of ESPN
A)pay more than viewers who watch sports on other channels.
B)subsidize television viewers who don't watch sports.
C)pay more than their fair share for the television programming they consume.
D)are subsidized by television viewers who do not watch sports on ESPN.
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Chapter 13: Sports and Politics: How Do Governments and Global Political Processes Influence
Sports
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Q1) Corporate sponsorships of sports are primarily motivated by corporate interest in
A)promoting a way of life based on consumption and consumerism.
B)developing a single worldwide standard of living.
C)findings new ways to train workers who will produce their goods.
D)building sports that bring the world together in large competitive events.
Q2) In the box, Olympism and the Olympic Games, the table showing total medal counts from 1896 to 2004 indicates that when the size of nations is taken into account
A)large Asian nations are rated very highly.
B)the United States is not rated in the top 25.
C)Cuba is rated number 1.
D)Scandanavian nations are rated very low.
Q3) Research shows that if maintaining health and fitness is the goal, a nation should sponsor sports that are
A)noncompetitive and have aerobic benefits.
B)based on a power and performance model.
C)attractive to spectators as well as active participants.
D)competitive and have important rewards for winners.
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Sports in High School and College: Do
Competitive Sports Contribute to Education
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Q1) The budget inequality in U.S.high schools means that the top high school sport programs in the nation are in private schools or schools located in wealthy residential areas.According to the author, this
A)will lead many universities cut scholarships in certain sports.
B)will force mergers of public and private schools to preserve sport conferences.
C)creates a system in which program inequality reproduces itself year after year.
D)will cause a decline in the program inequality at the university level.
Q2) Research done by Patti and Peter Adler indicated that the male athletes in a big-time intercollegiate basketball program
A)experienced academic detachment after one or two semesters.
B)came to college with no intention of being serious about academic work.
C)gradually learned to choose courses that were academically challenging.
D)were forced to interact with people not connected with their team.
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Chapter
Religions:
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Q1) Traditional Protestant beliefs favor competitive sports over spontaneous play because sports are
A)played by people who share the same basic spiritual beliefs.
B)oriented around work and achievement.
C)played for money and other material rewards.
D)forms of exciting but controlled violence.
Q2) Which of the following is NOT one of the strategies used by Christian athletes use when they doubt the worth of their sport participation as an act of worship?
A)Developing friendships with non-Christian athletes.
B)Ignoring the moral questions related to behavior on the playing field.
C)Focusing on the ascetic dimensions of athletic training and performance.
D)Focusing on good works and service to others off the field.
Q3) Some athletes have used religion to deal with the uncertainty they face during sport participation.When this is done, it becomes difficult to distinguish religion from
A)a form of self-glorification.
B)magic and superstition.
C)using performance-enhancing drugs.
D)pop psychology.
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