Sport and Diversity Practice Questions
Course Introduction
Sport and Diversity explores the complex relationship between sporting environments and diverse identities, including race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, ability, and socio-economic background. Through critical analysis and case studies, students examine the ways in which sport both reflects and shapes cultural values, social norms, and power dynamics. The course highlights the challenges and opportunities for inclusion, equity, and representation in sport at local, national, and global levels, encouraging students to consider strategies for fostering a more inclusive sporting culture in contemporary society.
Recommended Textbook
Sports in Society Issues and Controversies12th Edition by Jay Coakley
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16 Chapters
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Sociology of Sport: What Is It and Why Study
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Q1) People in the sociology of sport are mostly concerned with studying A)the social worlds created in and around sports.
B)the physical environments in which sports are played.
C)the differences between top athletes and others who play sports.
D)the reasons why some teams and athletes are winners and others are losers.
Answer: A
Q2) Social class ideology in the United States is organized around
A)ideas and beliefs about what is defined as "cool" in society.
B)a generalized belief that people either have class or they don't.
C)the idea income and wealth inequality is normal a belief in meritocracy.
D)a denial that there are real economic differences between people.
Answer: C
Q3) Social structure consists of
A)ways of life that people learn as they become adults.
B)established patterns of relationships and social arrangements.
C)organizational processes developed by unrelated work groups.
D)rules developed by individuals working on schedules.
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: Producing Knowledge About Sports in Society:
What Is the Role of Research and Theory
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Q1) Knowledge and theories in the sociology of sport enable us to
A)discover ultimate truths about the role of spots in society.
B)view sports from multiple perspectives.
C)predict how athletes and teams will perform under pressure.
D)eliminate the causes of serious injuries in sports.
Answer: B
Q2) Social scientists generally collect data through the use of surveys,observations,and
A)text analysis.
B)photographs and videos.
C)personal insights.
D)forensic methods.
Answer: A
Q3) As Messner began his investigation of gender and sports,he formed research questions around
A)issues related to culture,social interaction,and social structure.
B)his concerns as a father of a talented girl who played softball.
C)the ways that gender equity had been defined in the United States.
D)the policies of elite sport teams at the University of Southern California.
Answer: A
Page 4
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Chapter 3: Sports and Socialization: Who Plays and What Happens to Them
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Q1) Most people in the sociology of sport today do not see sports as causes of specific socialization outcomes.Instead,they view sports as
A)health and wellness activities.
B)commercial activities unrelated to social development.
C)negative activities that distort the way that people see the world.
D)sites for experiences that influence different people in different ways.
Answer: D
Q2) Past studies of socialization based on a personal internalization model have produced inconclusive and inconsistent findings because researchers have mistakenly assumed that
A)athletes automatically resist negative influences coming from coaches.
B)all athletes have unique and similar experiences in all sports.
C)sports are similar to all other leisure activities engaged in by young people.
D)character is usually formed by the time a person is 14 years old.
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Sports for Children: Are Organized Programs
Worth the Effort
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Q1) The potential for child abuse is highest in elite,specialized sport training programs when
A)the income of adults depends on the performances of children.
B)coaches use training methods used by college coaches.
C)children are encouraged to train with peers they don't know.
D)child athletes rebel against coaches and take over their own training.
Q2) Informal games are generally organized to emphasize
A)action and personal involvement in the action.
B)adherence to rules and strict enforcement of rules.
C)winning and personal performance records.
D)the elimination of physical challenges.
Q3) As youth sports have become increasingly organized around the achievement of performance goals,
A)coaches have been required to take coaching education courses.
B)parents have been less willing to spend money on their children's participation.
C)the play element of sports have been overlooked.
D)there has been increased participation among the poor and ethnic minorities.
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Deviance in Sports: Is It Out of Control
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Q1) Controlling deviant overconformity in sports requires a close examination of the A)backgrounds of athletes,coaches,and spectators.
B)economics of sport.
C)moral characters of athletes and coaches.
D)meaning and organization of sports.
Q2) The author describes a model of a professional athlete's career to show that
A)cyclists use drugs in order to do their jobs successfully.
B)medical support staff are trained to discourage drug use by athletes.
C)very few professional cyclists use performance enhancing substances.
D)cyclists at all levels of competition feel a need to use drugs when they race.
Q3) Anarchy is the social condition that exists when
A)people use an absolutist approach to deviance.
B)law enforcement officers are overtrained.
C)supranormal actions are out of control.
D)widespread underconformity creates general lawlessness.
Q4) Controlling deviant overconformity in sports presents a unique challenge because A)people in sports never learn to follow rules.
B)people in many societies no longer respect any types of rules.
C)those who enforce team norms may not discourage overconformity.
D)coaches feel uncomfortable discussing rules for athletes.
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Chapter 6: Violence in Sports: Does It Affect Our Lives
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Q1) Research indicates that concussions as well as repetitive subconcussive head hits can cause brain injuries that may lead to CTE-chronic traumatic encephalopathy.CTE is a neurodegenerative disease with symptoms similar to A)diabetes.
B)a chronic flu.
C)many autoimmune diseases.
D)early onset dementia.
Q2) It is difficult to say that playing violent sports causes people to be violent off the field because
A)violent sports may attract people who already have records of being violent.
B)researchers cannot agree on a definition of violence.
C)athletes won't talk about their experiences on the field.
D)athletes generally look for trouble when they are off the field.
Q3) Due to general fears about terrorist attacks at sport events,people
A)are more willing to accept a militaristic approach to social control at events.
B)have become more knowledgeable about world events.
C)are more will to pay high prices for seats close to exits.
D)have developed a wide range of strategies to protect themselves at events.
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Chapter 7: Gender and Sports: Is Equity Possible
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Q1) In the discussion of increased media coverage of women in sports,the author notes that seeing women athletes on television
A)shows girls that you should not play sports unless you are very good.
B)causes men to be less supportive of sport opportunities for women.
C)turns many girls off to sports because they don't like how the athletes look.
D)is useful because it provides alternatives to sexually objectified women.
Q2) The most dramatic change in the world of sport over the past two generations has been the increase in the number of
A)lawsuits filed by men whose oppose gender equity.
B)women who have become coaches in men's sport programs.
C)mothers who now coach their daughters in sport programs.
D)girls and women who play sports around the world.
Q3) The author notes that in response to the masculinized cultures in most alternative sports,some women have
A)competed directly against males in competitive alternative sports.
B)become coaches for the male athletes when they go on tour.
C)created their own version of the X Games with the help of ESPN.
D)created or revised sports to fit their experiences and goals.
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Chapter
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Sample Questions
Q1) Tiger Woods,the popular and successful professional golfer,identifies himself as
A)African American.
B)North American.
C)Cablinasian.
D)Black-Asian.
Q2) When Doug Foley studied intergroup relations in a Texas town he noted that the Mexicano coach of the local high school football team resigned in frustration when
A)his Mexicano team members demanded special treatment.
B)he could not meet the expectations of boosters and also fight bigotry.
C)he was not able to recruit the best black athletes in the student body.
D)school board said he was hired because of affirmative action.
Q3) Teams such as the Indianapolis Clowns and the Harlem Globetrotters were able to make a living in the mid-20<sup>th</sup> century by playing sports in ways that A)demonstrated the intellectual and physical skills of black athletes.
B)entertained white spectators by reaffirmed their racial stereotypes.
C)appealed black and Latino audiences who had internalized racial stereotypes.
D)made fun of white sports such as Major league Baseball and pro basketball.
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Social Class: Do Money and Power Matter in Sports
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Q1) Social class relations are related to sports and sport participation because
A)all sports depend on the support of the middle class.
B)athletes tend to come from impoverished backgrounds.
C)literacy is required to understand written rules.
D)organized sports depend on material resources.
Q2) The two major challenges faced by retiring athletes are reconstructing their identities,and
A)finding jobs that didn't require physical work.
B)recovering from psychological trauma.
C)finding ways to stay active in sports.
D)renegotiating their relationships with family and friends.
Q3) Class ideology in the United States is organized around A)money and happiness.
B)the American Dream and a belief in meritocracy.
C)the importance of fate and luck.
D)a belief that nice people are never successful.
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11
Chapter 10: Age and Ability: Barriers to Participation and Inclusion
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Q1) Transhumanism is a perspective based on the idea that
A)God has created human beings as technology users.
B)surgeries to improve bodies is a form of medical doping.
C)ableist ideology is destructive of human progress.
D)all human bodies are in need of improvements.
Q2) During most of the 20<sup>th</sup> century,older people were
A)forced to stay physically active doing physical labor.
B)told to take it easy and preserve their energy and strength.
C)more active than young people under the age of 20.
D)often given prescriptions for drugs to slow them down.
Q3) When using a social model of disability,dealing with disability involves
A)treatment to make a person as normal as possible.
B)efforts to eliminate social and physical barriers that limit participation.
C)developing assistive technologies that eliminate physical impairments.
D)teaching normal people to ignore disabilities and treat everyone as normal.
Q4) During most of history
A)people have felt comfortable around others who have disabilities.
B)disabled people had impairments,making them seriously abnormal.
C)people who are normal have accepted those with physical disabilities.
D)disability is tied to the ways that people give meaning to difference.
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Chapter 11: Sports and the Economy: What Are the
Characteristics of Commercial Sports
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Sample Questions
Q1) Television had a positive impact on the growth of commercial sports because it
A)distracts people's attention from physical activity in their own lives.
B)forces sports and sport teams to compete with each other for revenues.
C)builds strong rivalries between players on different teams in sport leagues.
D)serves as an effective tool for recruiting new spectators and fans.
Q2) The author suggests that instead of subsidizing professional sport team owners,local and state governments could use the same money to
A)pay professional athletes salaries based on players' entertainment value.
B)build multiple local recreational facilities that could be used by local residents.
C)subsidize developers who want to build large projects.
D)organize fans into spectator unions that could bargain with team owners.
Q3) When $432 million of public money was used to remodel Soldier Field,the stadium used by the NFL's Chicago Bears,
A)the team owner enjoyed a $700 million increase in the team's estimated value.
B)the people of Chicago received discounts on their season tickets.
C)the stadium generated large annual revenues for the city.
D)the taxpayers in Chicago received a large cut in city sales taxes.
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Sports and the Media: Could They Survive
Without Each Other
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Q1) Nearly all television broadcasts of sport events are sponsored by
A)environmental groups devoted to conservation.
B)feminist groups and other women's organizations.
C)large capitalist corporations and other for profit businesses.
D)nonprofit groups dedicated to promoting socially progressive ideas.
Q2) Research in the United States shows that when it comes to watching sports on television,the men and women in male-female married couples
A)seldom want to watch the same events.
B)seldom have similar viewing patterns but this does not affect their relationship.
C)often watch together and see this as a positive thing in their relationship.
D)often argue about watching patterns to the point that it leads to divorce.
Q3) Over the past few decades,independent investigative journalism has nearly disappeared.Emerging in its place has been
A)corporate journalism.
B)attack journalism.
C)entertainment journalism.
D)critical journalism.
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Sports and Politics: How Do Governments and Global
Political Processes Influence Sports
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Q1) In the box,Olympism and the Olympic Games,the author suggests that the Olympic motto,"Citius,Altius,Fortius," should be replaced by new motto that emphasizes
A)a spirit of patriotism and nationalism.
B)health,unity,and peace.
C)the problems associated with corporate capitalism.
D)the interests of the best athletes in the world.
Q2) In the box,Olympism and the Olympic Games,Bruce Kidd,a former Olympian and now a physical educator,suggests that the Olympics be changed so that
A)the personal tragedies and experiences of athletes are highlighted more.
B)athletes are selected to compete on the basis of athletic skills only.
C)the service of athletes is central in athlete selection and media coverage.
D)the needs of corporate sponsors are presented in more human terms.
Q3) Changes in global politics over the past three decades have made international sports
A)less important than in the Cold War era of the past.
B)more important as political events than as commercial events.
C)important stages for commercial displays by transnational corporations.
D)less profitable for all sponsors,including corporate sponsors.
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Chapter 14: Sports in High School and College: Do
Competitive Sports Contribute to Education
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Q1) After 40 years,Title IX remains a controversial law as it applies to sports.A key reason for this is that
A)girls and women have not fully contributed to school sport programs.
B)it is unrealistic to expect that females should receive the same support as males.
C)it exposes contradictions in big-time sport programs organized around football.
D)female athletes tend to push feminist values in athletic departments.
Q2) Male athletes on intercollegiate teams are most likely to put their athletic and social lives ahead of academics when they
A)are majoring in engineering or business.
B)play on big-time,entertainment-oriented teams.
C)come from wealthy families.
D)are not on athletic scholarships.
Q3) Financial information on big-time intercollegiate sport programs shows that they
A)usually generate enough profits to support academic programs.
B)lead wealthy alumni to give money to academic programs.
C)are run as businesses but pay no taxes even when they show a profit.
D)lose money only when they play in the same town as professional teams.
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Sports and Religions: Is
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Q1) Magic is different than religion in that it consists of
A)rituals designed to produce practical results in the material world.
B)recipes for transporting people to the supernatural realm.
C)rituals that deny the existence of the profane.
D)practices in which substances are used to achieve success.
Q2) Which of the following is NOT one of the strategies used by Christian athletes use when they doubt the worth of their sport participation as an act of worship?
A)Developing friendships with non-Christian athletes.
B)Ignoring the moral questions related to behavior on the playing field.
C)Focusing on the ascetic dimensions of athletic training and performance.
D)Focusing on good works and service to others off the field.
Q3) When people argue that sport is religion-like,which of the following is NOT one of the similarities they identify?
A)Both have places and buildings for communal gatherings.
B)Both emerge out of a disciplined quest for perfection.
C)Both have heroes and legends about heroic accomplishments.
D)Both trace their origins to rituals practiced in the Garden of Eden.
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Page 17
Chapter 16: Sports in the Future: What Do We Want Them to Be
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Q1) The classic embodiment of power and performance sports is A)Ultimate Frisbee.
B)co-rec softball.
C)international cricket.
D)American football.
Q2) Older people tend to prefer sports that stress
A)performance as more important than power.
B)the cultivation of the body rather than driving it.
C)intimidation as a strategy.
D)relaxation and an absence of challenges.
Q3) When people play pleasure and participation sports,they are likely to
A)find it easy to obtain corporate sponsorships.
B)focus on their connections with other participants.
C)avoid all forms of physical exertion.
D)prefer indoor sports over outdoor sports.
Q4) The author points out that celebrity athletes
A)are usually failures when they endorse sports products.
B)seldom have real power as change agents in society.
C)sustain their celebrity by associating with politicians.
D)have more power to change society than they have to sell game tickets.
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