Sport and Culture
Final Exam Questions
Course Introduction
This course explores the intricate relationship between sport and culture, examining how athletic activities both reflect and shape societal values, national identities, and global interactions. Students will analyze the historical evolution of sport, the impact of media representations, issues of race, gender, and class, and the role of sports in social change and cultural expression. Through case studies and theoretical frameworks, the course encourages critical thinking about the significance of sport in everyday life and its broader cultural implications across different societies.
Recommended Textbook
Sports in Society Issues and Controversies12th Edition by Jay Coakley
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16 Chapters
828 Verified Questions
828 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Sociology of Sport: What Is It and Why Study
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45 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Dominant gender ideology in most societies has traditionally emphasized that A)female inferiority in sports is based in nature.
B)women are naturally more aggressive than men.
C)girls and boys should learn to play sports together.
D)competent women athletes are sexually attractive.
Answer: A
Q2) One of the most hotly contested aspects of sports in society is
A)who plays sports under what conditions.
B)whether scientists should study sports.
C)the process for making up rules in specific games.
D)who can identify themselves athletes in relationships with others.
Answer: A
Q3) When the author says that the human body is social,this means that
A)muscular bodies have always been defined in positive ways.
B)all bodies are basically the same from one culture to another.
C)bodies have an essential physical quality that never changes.
D)meanings given to the body and body parts change over time.
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Producing Knowledge About Sports in Society:
What Is the Role of Research and Theory
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Sample Questions
Q1) When Messner and his colleagues analyzed local network sports news and ESPN Sports Center coverage,they
A)used data collected through participant observation.
B)deconstructed narratives and images from the broadcasts.
C)focused on information collected through in-depth interviews with broadcasters.
D)used data collected through nonparticipant observation.
Answer: A
Q2) Feminism is less visible today than in previous decades because
A)gender is no longer influential in social life.
B)most people don't want gender equity in society.
C)younger scholars have rejected feminist goals.
D)many people take it for granted without identifying it by name.
Answer: D
Q3) Theories that used concepts such as role model and identity are
A)interactionist theories.
B)cultural theories.
C)structural theories.
D)psycho-social theories.
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Sports and Socialization: Who Plays and What Happens to Them
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Q1) According to an analysis of sports and society based on Gramsci's ideas,sports are important social phenomena because they are
A)vehicles for creating disagreement and social conflict in society.
B)mechanisms for promoting democracy and the common good in society.
C)activities that distract attention away from issues of ideology.
D)contexts through which ideological messages can be presented to people.
Answer: D
Q2) When the author paraphrases Gramsci's conclusion about hegemony,he says that "it is difficult to fight an enemy that A)plays sports every day."
B)has outposts in your head."
C)works harder than you do."
D)will do anything to win."
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Sports for Children: Are Organized Programs
Worth the Effort
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Q1) A sign that some children reject structured,adult-controlled sport programs is the A)increased interest in alternative sports.
B)growth and popularity of after school programs.
C)recent increase in violent crime among young people.
D)high turnover among coaches in those programs.
Q2) As youth sports have become increasingly organized around the achievement of performance goals,
A)coaches have been required to take coaching education courses.
B)parents have been less willing to spend money on their children's participation.
C)the play element of sports have been overlooked.
D)there has been increased participation among the poor and ethnic minorities.
Q3) Child labor laws in most post-industrial societies prevent adults from using children as sources of financial gain in
A)jobs where adult supervisors lack degrees in child development.
B)the film and advertising industries but not in sports.
C)sports but not in other occupations.
D)sports that involve intense training.
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Deviance in Sports: Is It Out of Control
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Q1) Anarchy is the social condition that exists when
A)people use an absolutist approach to deviance.
B)law enforcement officers are overtrained.
C)supranormal actions are out of control.
D)widespread underconformity creates general lawlessness.
Q2) The author describes a model of a professional athlete's career to show that A)cyclists use drugs in order to do their jobs successfully.
B)medical support staff are trained to discourage drug use by athletes.
C)very few professional cyclists use performance enhancing substances.
D)cyclists at all levels of competition feel a need to use drugs when they race.
Q3) Information from inside high performance sports suggests that doping is seen as
A)a normal part of the process of training,recovery,and competition.
B)an indication of moral corruption and weak moral character.
C)a management driven strategy to control athletes.
D)something that fans expect and encourage.
Q4) A constructionist approach to deviance is based on the assumption that A)most ideas,traits,and actions fall into a normally accepted range.
B)the more an action departs from an ideal,the more deviant it is.
C)all deviance involves overconformity to norms.
D)all deviance involves underconformity to norms.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Violence in Sports: Does It Affect Our Lives
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Q1) Using violence in sports comes to be defined as "normal" by many people when the ability to "do" violence is seen as
A)a means for males to prove their "manhood."
B)necessary if a person is to be a good leader.
C)a way to protect one's health and well-being.
D)an important part of being human.
Q2) A study by Nancy Theberge found that elite women ice hockey players have a difficult time controlling all forms of brutal body contact in their sport because
A)their coaches demand that they use violence as a game strategy.
B)they love the physicality of ice hockey.
C)they often develop a strong hatred for their opponents.
D)their teammates expect them to use forms of quasi-criminal violence.
Q3) Historical evidence shows that compared to spectators in the past,spectators today are
A)less violent and less likely to disrupt action on the field.
B)more violent in the stands but less violent around the stadium.
C)less violent in the stadium but more violent around it.
D)more violent and more likely to use weapons in their violence.
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Chapter 7: Gender and Sports: Is Equity Possible
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Q1) Which of the following characterizes the state of gender equity in U.S.high schools and colleges?
A)High schools have achieved equity but colleges have not.
B)Colleges have achieved equity but high schools have not.
C)Neither high schools nor colleges have achieved equity.
D)Both high schools and colleges have achieved equity.
Q2) The primary reason that there are fewer female athletes than male athletes at the summer Olympic Game is because
A)there are fewer women's events in the summer games.
B)television spectators refuse to watch women's events,apart from gymnastics.
C)the women's swimming teams have fewer athletes than the men's teams.
D)there are no team port events for women.
Q3) In comparison with sport programs for girls and women,programs for boys and men are more likely to survive budget cuts because
A)females are less likely than males to fight for the survival of their programs.
B)coaches of the teams for girls and women are often uncommitted to sports.
C)data show that males learn more from playing sports than females do.
D)they've had more years to develop legitimacy,support,fans,and sponsorships.
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Chapter 8: Race and Ethnicity: Are
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Q1) The NCAA allowed Florida State University to keep their mascot Chief Osceola and his horse Seminole,because the university
A)funds political action to eliminate poverty among Native Americans.
B)bans the sale of any items containing the image of their chief.
C)has permission from a few tribal representatives to use their name and image.
D)donates profits from "Osceola products" to schools for Seminole children.
Q2) An accurate view of race today is that it is
A)a useful concept for classifying people into categories of intellectual potential.
B)a valid biological concept to use in Africa but not in North America.
C)an idea being preserved by ethnic minorities in search of identity.
D)a biological myth based on social created ideas about human variation.
Q3) Research shows that the Latinas who are most apt to play sports in the U.S.are
A)recent immigrants.
B)members of second- and third-generation families.
C)those who want to learn English.
D)those who have rejected Christian religious beliefs.
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Social Class: Do Money and Power Matter in Sports
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Sample Questions
Q1) After looking at data on which nations and which athletes win medals at the Olympic and Paralympic Games,the author concludes that these events
A)present a level playing for opportunities to win medals.
B)a celebration of wealth and economic inequality.
C)are basically contests between wealthy socialist and poor capitalist nations.
D)provide people from poor nations a fair chance to succeed.
Q2) The lifestyles of middle-income and working class people are most likely to include those sports that have traditionally been
A)free,open,and sponsored with public funds.
B)physical,aggressive and sometimes violent.
C)family-oriented and played indoors.
D)highly competitive and played outdoors.
Q3) Throughout the chapter the term "class relations" is used to refer to
A)interdependencies between people from different backgrounds.
B)processes that exist in societies where there are true equal opportunities.
C)social relations in high schools and universities.
D)the ways that social class is incorporated into our everyday lives.
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Page 11
Chapter 10: Age and Ability: Barriers to Participation and Inclusion
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Sample Questions
Q1) Older people tend to prefer sports in which they can focus on
A)performance as an indicator of moral worth.
B)maintaining physical abilities and staying active.
C)using their age to intimidate other competitors.
D)relaxation and an absence of challenges.
Q2) During most of history
A)people have felt comfortable around others who have disabilities.
B)disabled people had impairments,making them seriously abnormal.
C)people who are normal have accepted those with physical disabilities.
D)disability is tied to the ways that people give meaning to difference.
Q3) The prosthetic technologies that enable leg amputees to participate in running sports are
A)too expensive to be acquired by most people with leg amputations.
B)funded by the U.S.military and available to anyone who qualifies for food stamps.
C)generally provided by charitable organizations serving people with a disability.
D)now manufactured with lifetime warranties and replacement guarantees.
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Chapter 11: Sports and the Economy: What Are the
Characteristics of Commercial Sports
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Sample Questions
Q1) Football has become "America's game" because it
A)fits with rural traditions and values in the heartland of the nation.
B)meets the interests of people from all social backgrounds in the society.
C)celebrates the values and experiences of powerful people in the society.
D)emphasizes democratic values and the importance of teamwork.
Q2) The legal status of most athletes in professional team sports in North America was for many years governed by the reserve system.The reserve system was designed to
A)give players total control over their own careers.
B)increase the salaries of the best athletes on a predetermined schedule.
C)give team owners nearly total control of players and their careers.
D)give wealthy team owners an advantage over other team owners.
Q3) As corporate sponsorships are used as the sole basis of support for amateur athletes and sport organizations,amateur sports will come to depend on the A)income earning potential of amateur athletes.
B)business training of amateur sport officials.
C)socially progressive visions of sports that corporate executives have.
D)prosperity of market economies and the profits of large corporations.
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Sports and the Media: Could They Survive
Without Each Other
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Q1) Research in the United States shows that when it comes to watching sports on television,the men and women in male-female married couples
A)seldom want to watch the same events.
B)seldom have similar viewing patterns but this does not affect their relationship.
C)often watch together and see this as a positive thing in their relationship.
D)often argue about watching patterns to the point that it leads to divorce.
Q2) Research examining the legacies of the Olympics for people in the country hosting the games has shown consistently that watching sports on television is likely to lead to
A)more sport participation.
B)more television watching.
C)less sport participation.
D)less television watching.
Q3) The media most dependent on sports are
A)books and magazines.
B)the Internet and radio.
C)newspapers and television.
D)television and film.
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Sports and Politics: How Do Governments and Global
Political Processes Influence Sports
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Q1) Which of the following statements related to globalization and athlete migration is NOT true?
A)More U.S.-born basketball players play outside the U.S.than in the NBA.
B)80% of the player in the National Hockey League are born outside the U.S.
C)Athletes from the U.S.seldom play professionally in other countries.
D)Olympic swimmer Missy Franklin is eligible for Canada's Olympic team.
Q2) In the box,Olympism and the Olympic Games,Bruce Kidd,a former Olympian and now a physical educator,suggests that the Olympics be changed so that
A)the personal tragedies and experiences of athletes are highlighted more.
B)athletes are selected to compete on the basis of athletic skills only.
C)the service of athletes is central in athlete selection and media coverage.
D)the needs of corporate sponsors are presented in more human terms.
Q3) Government involvement in sports is usually connected with
A)the sport experiences of political officials.
B)the dynamics of power relations in a society or community.
C)the need for politicians to appear physically fit in the eyes of voters.
D)the unique interests of powerless people in a society or community.
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Sports in High School and College: Do
Competitive Sports Contribute to Education
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Q1) The budget inequality in U.S.high schools means that the top high school sport programs in the nation are in private schools or schools located in wealthy residential areas.According to the author,this
A)will lead many universities cut scholarships in certain sports.
B)will force mergers of public and private schools to preserve sport conferences.
C)creates a system in which program inequality reproduces itself year after year.
D)will cause a decline in the program inequality at the university level.
Q2) The use of corporate sponsorships to support high school sports is risky because A)sports could lose funding during economic recessions.
B)boosters may not agree with corporate policies.
C)corporations now favor women's sports over men's sports.
D)corporate executives want to hire and fire coaches.
Q3) Recent data indicates that of the 1,900 intercollegiate sport programs in the United States,
A)the ones with top football teams have average annual profits of $7 million.
B)most of them make enough money to permit reductions in student fees.
C)those that are not affected by Title IX report the most profit.
D)there are fewer than 25 that regularly have more revenues than expenses.
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Chapter
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Sample Questions
Q1) The self-proclaimed Christian athlete is unique because
A)self-proclaimed "muscular Hindus" don't play sports.
B)Christianity is the only religion to acknowledge the body as sacred.
C)athletes worldwide are mostly atheists and agnostics.
D)no other religion has an equivalent religious identity.
Q2) Traditional Protestant beliefs favor competitive sports over spontaneous play because sports are
A)played by people who share the same basic spiritual beliefs.
B)oriented around work and achievement.
C)played for money and other material rewards.
D)forms of exciting but controlled violence.
Q3) Religion can become a means of social control in sports when
A)athletes use religious beliefs to raise moral issues about sports.
B)parents encourage their children to be Christian athletes.
C)sport performances are connected with the moral worth of athletes.
D)athletes say private prayers to avoid injuries.
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Page 17
Chapter 16: Sports in the Future: What Do We Want
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Q1) Athletes who endorse transformational changes that involve deep structural and ideological changes in society are
A)usually defined by their fans and by the local media as heroes.
B)most successful when they avoid associating with established organizations.
C)usually trying to enhance their celebrity on a global scale.
D)likely to lose popular support and media coverage.
Q2) Using structural theories as a guide for changing sports would lead to an emphasis on
A)changing people's identities and role model priorities.
B)developing alliances with people in sports.
C)creating new symbols,values,and beliefs among people in sports.
D)regulating economic processes related to funding priorities.
Q3) Some participants in alternative sports resist attempts to make their sports more like mainstream power and performance sports because they don't want to
A)see competition replace creativity and support for other participants.
B)have older people to develop interests in their sports.
C)make changes in their equipment or the tricks they do.
D)have their friends watch them while they display their skills.
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