Speech and Language Development
Chapter Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Speech and Language Development explores the processes by which children acquire and develop language skills, including both expressive and receptive abilities. The course covers the milestones of typical speech and language development, the biological and cognitive bases of language acquisition, and the influence of social and environmental factors. Students will examine theories and models of language development, methods for assessing language growth, and factors that can impact language learning, such as bilingualism or developmental disorders. By understanding how communication skills unfold from infancy through adolescence, students gain foundational knowledge necessary for further study or practice in fields like education, linguistics, or speech-language pathology.
Recommended Textbook
Human Communication Disorders 8th Edition by Noma B. Anderson
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351 Verified Questions
351 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Introduction: Human Communication Disorders: a Philosophy and Practice of Science in Service
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Sample Questions
Q1) Incidence refers to the number of new cases identified each year,prevalence refers to
A)The types of cases identified each year
B)The number of new cases who have recovered
C)The number of existing cases in a population
D)The number of unusual cases
Answer: C
Q2) Audiologists may engage in all of the following services except
A)Prevention of hearing loss
B)Prevention of voice disorders
C)Initiation of research
D)Provision of rehabilitation programs
Answer: B
Q3) Communication disorders cross all age,racial,gender and socioeconomic lines.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Development of Communication, language, and Speech
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Sample Questions
Q1) Caregiver-infant interactions important to language development include
A)Joint action
B)Joint reference
C)Baby talk
D)A and B
Answer: D
Q2) A language milestone appearing during the infant pre-language stage of development
A)Sensitivity to rising and falling intonation patterns
B)Occurrence of rapid and dramatic language changes
C)Use of over-extended word meanings
D)Ability to understand idioms
Answer: A
Q3) Phonology is one component of language content.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Page 4
Chapter 3: The Biology and Physics of Speech
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Sample Questions
Q1) In most people,the right hemisphere is dominant for language.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) The respiratory system
A)Shapes air stream into speech sounds
B)Provides the essential air supply
C)Generates the sound
D)Acts as a resonator
E)A and D
Answer: B
Q3) The acoustics and perception of sound constitutes the physics of speech.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) Since speech involves producing actions on a stream of air,it is viewed as an aerodynamic system.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 4: Multicultural and Multilingual Considerations
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Sample Questions
Q1) A communication disorder
A)Interferes with transmission of the message
B)Stands out as unusually different
C)Produces negative feelings for the speaker
D)All of the above
Q2) Accent
A)Phonological and vocal characteristics of a spoken language derived from geographical and foreign language influences
B)Variations in rules for the form,content and use of a spoken language derived from historical,social,regional and cultural influences
C)Variations in communication that deviate from the speech community's standard D)All of the above
Q3) Standardized tests may give the inaccurate impression that a communication disorder exists.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Dialects are rule-governed linguistic systems.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Genetics: Basis for Development and Disorders
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Q1) Chromosome 1 is the largest human chromosome but has the fewest number of genes.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Genes
A)A set of 46 rod-like structures in the nucleus of a cell composed of DNA and protein
B)Specific units of DNA that determine and transmit hereditary characteristics from parent to offspring
C)Carry DNA's instructions for protein formation
D)Structural,functional or metabolic abnormalities
Q3) Constructing pedigrees for a family that has a child with a genetic disorder is one clinical service provided by audiologists and speech-language pathologists.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Each time a gene is passed from one generation to the next,some alterations occur.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Articulatory and Phonological Disorders
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Q1) Phonological disorders may be characterized by severe limitations in the range of sounds produced.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Articulation and phonological disorders may be caused by
A)Cleft palate
B)Hearing loss
C)Cerebral palsy
D)All of the above
Q3) Speech-language pathologists may describe articulation and phonological disorders using terms such as repetitions,hesitations and prolongations.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Articulation refers to
A)The motor movements involved in the production of speech
B)Categories of meanings represented by speech sounds
C)Rules of constraints and use of speech sound system
D)All of the above
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Chapter 7: Stuttering and Other Disorders of Fluency
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Q1) Stuttering is more prevalent among children who are bilingual.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Listeners should say the word when a person who stutters seems to 'get stuck.'
A)True
B)False
Q3) Researchers are conducting studies to determine genetic factors associated with stuttering.The phenomena which may have led to these studies include
A)Stuttering occurs more often in males than in females
B)Approximately half of all persons who stutter have a relative who stuttered or recovered from stuttering
C)Stuttering occurs more often in twins
D)All of the above
Q4) Approximately 10% of the population present with a stuttering disorder.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Listeners should say 'slow down' to persons who frequently stutter.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Voice Disorders
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Q1) When Maria has a cold,her sinuses often become inflamed,blocking her nasal cavities and nasal passageways.This alteration in Maria's upper vocal tract will most likely affect
A)Vocal pitch
B)Vocal loudness
C)Vocal quality
D)Vocal resonance
Q2) Joseph smoked two packs of cigarettes a day for 25 years.He also consumed 2-3 packs of beer on weekends routinely since his early 20's.Now at age 50,he contacts his physician with complaints of a chronic cough,difficulty swallowing and hoarseness of voice.Two weeks later,Joseph has been scheduled for surgery to remove his larynx and has been referred to a speech-language pathologist for an evaluation and probable vocal rehabilitation because of a diagnosis of
A)Vocal edema
B)Vocal polyp
C)Vocal fold nodules
D)Laryngeal carcinoma
Q3) The goal of voice assessment is to provide a direction for voice therapy.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: Cleft Lip and Palate and Other Craniofacial Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) An experienced speech-language pathologist may use the following to assess Amy's speech resonance
A)Nasometry
B)Videoflouroscopy
C)Perceptual ratings of sentence repetition
D)All of the above
E)All but C
Q2) You read Amy's case history report very carefully.You find that Amy's cleft of the palate was located on the left side.It is clear that Amy was born with a
A)Unilateral cleft lip and palate
B)Bilateral cleft lip and palate
C)Unilateral cleft lip,but intact palate
D)Unilateral cleft palate,but intact lip
Q3) The prevalence rates for cleft lip/palate vary among Native Americans,Asians,Caucasians,and persons with African heritage.
A)True
B)False
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Page 11
Chapter 10: Neurogenic Disorders of Speech in Children and Adults
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Q1) Six year old Brian has cerebral palsy resulting from bilateral upper motor neuron damage.He exhibits hypertonia,hyperreflexia,dysarthria,dysphonia,bilateral hemiparesis,and drooling.Brian has been diagnosed with A)Spastic cerebral palsy
B)Athetoid cerebral palsy
C)Ataxic cerebral palsy
D)Mixed cerebral palsy
Q2) Researchers have identified eight types of dysarthria. A)True
B)False
Q3) Neurogenic speech disorders are caused by damage to the nervous system. A)True
B)False
Q4) Many children with DAS make slow progress in speech therapy. A)True
B)False
Q5) Fasciculations refer to voluntary twitches of individual muscles.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: Developmental Language Impairment During
the Preschool Years
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Q1) Children with developmental language delay often produce their first word around 10-12 months of age similar to children developing language normally.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Michael's literal repetition of his teacher's questions may be
A)Babbling
B)Stuttering
C)Coprrolalia
D)Echolalia
Q3) Most children understand more words than they produce; hence their expressive language skills are better than their receptive language skills.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Children who do not effectively use early communicative vocalizations and gestures to establish joint attention and to engage in social interaction often experience language delay later in life.
A)True
B)False
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Language Disabilities in School-Age Children and Youth
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Q1) The speech-language pathologist plans her language assessment for Raymond by learning about the language and processing demands of his curriculum,textbooks and examinations.The speech-language pathologist then compares Raymond's performance in class with the language skills he demonstrates during the speech and language evaluation to develop statements about his strengths and weaknesses and to recommend intervention strategies that will support Raymond's language learning and academic achievement.This approach to assessment is referred to as
A)The Dynamic Assessment Model
B)The Traditional Approach to Language Assessment
C)The Curriculum-Based Assessment Model
D)The speech-language pathologist's unique approach to language assessment
Q2) Students from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds are more likely to experience SLI than students from mainstream backgrounds.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Naturalistic intervention approaches teach specific language skills.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: From Emergent Literacy to Literacy:
Development and Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Mary can tell you the sound the letter "f" makes.She can also tell you the sounds the letters "b","t" and "k" make.Mary has knowledge of
A)Prephonemic writing
B)Sound-symbol correspondence
C)Story schema
D)Rhyming
Q2) Six-year old James was referred to the speech-language pathologist because of oral language delay and academic failure,especially in reading and writing.The speech-language pathologist knows that there is a relationship between oral language and literacy and recalls that there are several factors contributing to the development of emergent literacy.So in addition to assessing James' language skills,the speech-language pathologist decides to get additional information about James'
A)SES and language and cultural background
B)Home literacy environment
C)Family history of language impairment
D)All of the above
Q3) Nursery rhymes and finger plays help teach phonological awareness.
A)True
B)False
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Aphasia and Related Acquired Language Disorders
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Q1) Damage to the right side of the brain causes aphasia.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Stroke is the most common cause of aphasia.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Jones' speech is very intelligible but his sentences make little sense.The speech-language pathologist labeled this type of speech as jargon.Mr.Jones does not understand what others say to him.He does not respond appropriately to questions,does not follow directions and does not accurately repeat utterances when requested.He does not understand much of what he reads.His writing is legible,but the content does not make much sense.Mr.Jones is demonstrating
A)Wernicke's aphasia
B)Anomic aphasia
C)Broca's aphasia
D)Global aphasia
Q4) Recently,pharmacological treatments have proven efficacious for aphasia patients.
A)True
B)False
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Augmentative and Alternative Communication
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Q1) Benjamin was not making progress with achieving functional communication use of his AAC system.His choice of symbols to select referents was randomly made at best.His speech-language pathologist was at a loss about what to do next.He should
A)Examine visual acuity and perception.Perhaps there are too many symbols on the array or the perceptual characteristics of the symbols are too similar.
B)Continue with behavioral training to teach matching the symbol to the referent.Sometimes learning takes years.
C)Dismiss Ben.He cannot learn to use an AAC system functionally.
D)Place Ben in a group session.He can no longer justify individual sessions for him because of lack of progress.
Q2) AAC symbol sets do not have specified rules for expansion while AAC symbol systems do.
A)True
B)False
Q3) American Sign Language may be viewed as an aided symbol set.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 16: Swallowing: Process and Disorders
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Q1) The Jolly Rancher takes a trip.He begins his journey in an open space.This space is bound by lips and teeth on the eastern border,the hard and soft palates and teeth on the northern border,the tongue and teeth on the southern border and the faucial pillars and velopharyngeal port on the western border.The location of the Jolly Rancher is the
A)Oral cavity
B)Nasal cavity
C)Pharynx
D)Laryngeal region
Q2) All of the swallowing specialists on the East Coast decide to participate in the Crest® toothpaste campaign to select the next flavor of Crest Whitening Expressions®.The flavor most likely to be selected by a majority of the speech-language pathologists is
A)Herbal mint
B)Lemon ice
C)Tropical exotica
D)Sweet berry punch
Q3) During the normal swallow,the vocal folds open to protect the airway.
A)True
B)False
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18
Chapter 17: Hearing and Hearing Disorders
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Q1) Auditory localization is the ability to identify the direction of the sound source.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Hospital-based audiologists may not only conduct universal infant hearing screening programs,they may also provide the following clinical services
A)Cerumen management
B)Intraoperative monitoring
C)Counseling services to patients with hearing loss and their families
D)All of the above
E)A and C only
Q3) Many hospitals have a newborn hearing screening program.The screening methods most often used by such programs include
A)ABR and OAE
B)OAE and electrocochleography
C)Air and bone conduction testing
D)Tympanometry
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Chapter 18: Audiologic Rehabilitation
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Q1) Hearing aids like eyeglasses restore normal hearing.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The goal of hearing aids is to provide the impaired ear with an amplified signal to improve speech perception.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Jones is approaching 70.Up until recently,the in-the-ear hearing aid he has been wearing helped him manage his mild hearing loss.Lately,however,he has been struggling to understand conversation,especially in public places.Now his wife is complaining that they are experiencing difficulty communicating,even in quiet places in the home.In response to Mr.Jones' recent struggles,the audiologist prescribed a new BTE hearing aid with a digital signal processor.Mr.Jones will not wear this new hearing aid.He would probably benefit from
A)A series of hearing aid orientations that would include family and close friends
B)Group audiologic rehabilitation
C)Participation in a living with hearing loss group
D)All of the above
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Page 20