Sociology
Textbook Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Sociology is the systematic study of society, social institutions, and social relationships. This course introduces students to foundational theories, concepts, and research methods used to analyze how social structures, cultural norms, and collective behavior influence individuals and groups. Topics may include identity, socialization, inequality, group dynamics, race and ethnicity, gender, family, education, and social change. By examining both historical and contemporary social issues, students will develop critical thinking skills and a deeper understanding of the complexities and diversity of human interaction in a global context.
Recommended Textbook
New Society 7th Edition by Robert J. Brym
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Sociology
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Sample Questions
Q1) A Canadian family travels to India for vacation. Upon arrival, they decide to grab something to eat. Having never been to India and being unfamiliar with the traditional restaurants, they decide to eat at McDonalds. Which of the following terms helps to explain why the family chose to eat at McDonalds?
A) industrialism
B) globalization
C) postindustrialism
D) materialization
Answer: B
Q2) According to the text, which of the following forces are the major causes of events happening in the world?
A) psychological forces
B) social forces
C) demonic forces
D) physical forces
Answer: B
Q3) Identify and describe the great sociological puzzles of our time. Answer: Postindustrialism and globalization.
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Chapter 2: Culture
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Sample Questions
Q1) Define norms and provide an example.
Answer: Norms are generally accepted ways of doing things, such as how family members cooperate to raise children.
Q2) Tracy is preparing a roast beef dinner for her husband for the first time. She cuts off the end of the roast, as she had always seen her mother do when preparing a roast. However, Tracy realizes she does not know why she would waste a perfectly good piece of meat. She later finds out that her mother always did this because her roast pan was not big enough for her roasts. Which of the following terms helps us to understand Tracy's practice of cutting off the end of her roast?
A) values
B) beliefs
C) culture
D) norms
Answer: D
Q3) The generational gap between youth and adults is an example of cultural fragmentation.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Socialization
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Sample Questions
Q1) Alicia has worked as an administrative assistant in a medium-sized company for the past 20 years. The recent downturn in the economy has resulted in Alicia's position being eliminated. As a result, she has decided to go back to university to pursue a different career path. Which of the following terms best characterizes Alicia's situation?
A) adult socialization
B) resocialization
C) career socialization
D) educational socialization
Answer: A
Q2) Which of the following statements best reflects the concept of resocialization?
A) It helps to confirm and reinforce a person's existing identity.
B) It is based on freedom and the absence of controls over people.
C) It consists of stripping away old identities and creating new ones.
D) It normally has minimal effect on peoples' self-concepts.
Answer: C
Q3) Are we free to become whomever we want?
Answer: No. Socialization is an active process in which we transform our identity as we take on new roles, but we do not always do so in conditions of our own choosing.
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Chapter 4: Gender and Sexuality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Summarize the construction of gender through socialization and provide personal examples, or examples from your immediate circle of family and friends.
Q2) According to the text, why are media-reinforced standards of attractiveness particularly relevant to women?
A) Women are judged on the basis of appearance more often than men.
B) Women always compare their worst features to someone else's best features.
C) Unattractive women are described less negatively than equally unattractive men.
D) Everyone is conscious of how they measure up to social norms of attractiveness.
Q3) The idea that males are more aggressive than females and that women are more nurturing than males is associated with which of the following concepts?
A) sex
B) sexuality
C) gender
D) genetics
Q4) Explain the difference between one's sex and one's gender.
Q5) Explain the difference between transgendered persons and transsexuals.
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Chapter 5: Communication and Mass Media
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Sample Questions
Q1) Deviance and disorder tend to be framed in the media as social phenomena caused by social forces.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In the analysis of news sources, which category do corporate executives typically fall into?
A) official sources
B) secondary sources
C) oppositional sources
D) alternative sources
Q3) Which of the following approaches to the study of mass media focuses on the ownership and control of economic resources?
A) media economics
B) political economy
C) cultural studies
D) critical ethnography
Q4) What is the impact of the concentration of corporate ownership and control of media in Canadian society on the freedom of the press and the diversity of opinion?
Q5) What is cultural imperialism? Explain how this relates to Canada.
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Chapter 6: Social Stratification
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Sample Questions
Q1) Neo-Marxists such as Eric Olin Wright argue that Marx's ideas about inequality cannot be updated to apply to the late-twentieth century.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Low-income cutoffs are calculated for communities of various sizes and for families of various sizes within those communities.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Fight Against Poverty (FAP) is an organization that obtained daily press coverage of poverty issues during the last federal election. The group was able to turn political debates into focused discussions about poverty by yelling out questions concerning living conditions, food banks, and wage freezes. How would Parkin explain FAP's success?
A) Power was with the media, not with politicians or FAP.
B) This was a mediated use of power.
C) This was a usurpation of power.
D) Power played no part; it was merely coincidence.
Q4) What are the two major components making up Marx's concept of the mode of production?
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Gender Inequality
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Sample Questions
Q1) What are the four major explanations of women's lower pay? Which ones do sociologists emphasize and why?
Q2) A competent female lawyer is passed over for a promotion that is given to an underperforming male. She notices that most of the law firm's senior partners are male, despite the fact that 30 percent of the firm's lawyers are women. What term do sociologists use to describe this circumstance?
A) only boys allowed
B) men only syndrome
C) glass ceiling effect
D) old boys' network
Q3) According to the text, which of the following is listed as a dimension of inequality?
A) power
B) intelligence
C) egalitarianism
D) equality
Q4) Define sex segregation and sex typing of occupations and utilize examples given in the text in your explanation.
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Chapter 8: Race and Ethnic Relations
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Sample Questions
Q1) A Canadian general presided over a United Nations mission ill equipped to stop tribal warfare in Africa and the slaughter of one tribe ensued. He has since voiced the opinion that a black person's life in Africa is not treated as being worth the same as a white person's life in Eastern Europe because there are no economic interests in that part of Africa. Which ethnic relations theory coincides with the general's statement?
A) normative-theory
B) north-south theory
C) power-conflict theory
D) primordialist theory
Q2) Canada grants visas for foreigners to enter the country at various times and for various reasons. For example, visas are granted to let female Jamaicans work as nannies, to let Mexicans harvest crops, and to let female Russians work as exotic dancers. When these visas expire, the people have to go home. Which theory of ethnic relations best accounts for this kind of practice?
A) primordialist theory
B) social-psychological theory
C) split labour market theory
D) normative theory
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Chapter 9: Development and Underdevelopment
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the text, why is development an important issue for many Canadians?
A) because it is about morality
B) because we are compassionate
C) because it is profitable
D) because we are charitable
Q2) If the world's population were to shrink to 100 people, which of the following proportional statements would reflect the social condition of those 100 people?
A) Thirty people could afford to own an automobile.
B) Thirty-three people would have access to clean, safe drinking water.
C) Fifty people would be literate.
D) Sixty people would receive 75 percent of the world's income.
Q3) What effect did structural adjustment programs (SAPs) have on developing countries?
A) They closed the economy to foreign investment.
B) They promoted the growth of a middle class.
C) They protected domestic business.
D) They ended tariffs that protected local industries.
Q4) Discuss the success of emerging economies and how and why the measures taken there have helped fuel growth in these countries.
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Chapter 10: Families
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which province in Canada has exceptionally high rates of cohabitation?
A) Ontario
B) British Columbia
C) Manitoba
D) Quebec
Q2) According to your text, what has been an outcome of the growing secularism in Canadian society?
A) Censure of divorce, cohabitation, and same-sex relationships is lessening.
B) Males have become more preoccupied with work.
C) Males and females have become more individualistic.
D) Females are experiencing more relationship crises.
Q3) Last year, David's mom decided to divorce his father. David knew it was coming because of the physical abuse she had endured over their 30-year marriage. He had accompanied her to the court house, and helped her file the paperwork. What reason would be given in order to obtain a divorce decree?
A) physical and mental cruelty
B) marriage breakdown
C) no reason required; just a three-year separation
D) no reason required; just a 12-month separation
Q4) What are the two key problems with the functionalist perspective on family?
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Work and Occupations
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Sample Questions
Q1) The text addresses the McDonaldization of the education system and how it mimics some of the trends of the fast-food industry, albeit primarily from an educator's perspective. What aspects of your educational experience do you consider as being McDonaldized? What impact has it had on your learning experience? How might it affect your future endeavours outside academia? Discuss and explain, making connections to Ritzer's thesis (the four components-efficiency, calculability, predictability, and control) and utilizing examples.
Q2) A business person running a successful bakery wants to sell franchises, and creates a franchise business model based on a precise division of labour in the bakery, and a precise division of labour for storefront sales. What term best describes this production and sales model?
A) job fission
B) Fordism
C) job breakdown
D) Taylorism
Q3) People with disabilities face barriers to good jobs.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Discuss the pros and cons of McDonaldization.
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Chapter 12: Education
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which term describes schooling that rewards talent and a competitive- and achievement-oriented effort?
A) meritocracy
B) hidden curriculum
C) democracy
D) functionalism
Q2) During World War II, the U.S. Army trained people to be pharmacists in two weeks, whereas today it takes a university degree to qualify for work in this occupation. What term best identifies a trend for higher educational requirements in occupations?
A) paraprofessionalism
B) credential inflation
C) occupational gate-keeping
D) creeping credentialism
Q3) According to Dr. Howard Gardner, the traditional view of intelligence, as measured by IQ testing, is an inadequate and narrow model of human potential.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Identify and briefly define the three basic roles of education.
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Religion
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the text, religion is concerned with discovering life's meaning, while humanist perspectives are concerned with making life meaningful.
A)True
B)False
Q2) "If I was to personally define religion, I would say that it is a bandage that man has invented to protect a soul made bloody by circumstances" (Theodore Dreiser, 1941). Which theoretical perspective does this quote remind you of? Explain and discuss.
Q3) John digs ditches for a living. On the weekends he is very active in his prayer group, organizing home visits to the elderly and infirm. Which of the following situations is helping John be content with his life?
A) The elderly and infirm appreciate his prayer group.
B) Religious status is more important than social status.
C) Digging ditches enables John to do prayer work.
D) John's paid work does not detract from his social work.
Q4) Mahatma Gandhi once wrote, "Those who say religion has nothing to do with politics do not know what religion is." Utilizing the knowledge and understanding you've taken from the text, explain what Gandhi meant. Include examples.
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Chapter 14: Deviance and Crime
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Sample Questions
Q1) The act of killing is considered deviant and wrong in all societies throughout history.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Tim Hartnagel proposes that a mentality supporting individualism, independence, and risk taking partly accounts for higher crime rates in one part of Canada. Which part?
A) Atlantic Canada
B) Western Canada
C) Northern Canada
D) Upper Canada
Q3) Toronto has the highest homicide rate in Canada.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The general theory of crime argues that all deviance has a common cause in low self-control.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Explain control theory and how attachment and commitment are predictive of crime.
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Chapter 15: Population and Urbanization
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Sample Questions
Q1) In Burgess's model, where do illegal commercial activities tend to occur?
A) central business district
B) zone of working-class homes
C) zone of transition
D) zone of better residences
Q2) Identify and describe the two types of ethnic communities indicated by Logan, Alba, and Zhang.
Q3) According to Burgess's model, where do second-generation immigrants typically reside?
A) zone of interstitial transition
B) zone of better residences
C) zone of working-class homes
D) central business district
Q4) What are the components of the postmodern city?
A) emergence of edge, multiethnic, and dual cities
B) a mixture of Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft
C) urbanism and postindustrial economy
D) suburbia, urban core, business district
Q5) Describe the five factors that have led to the growth of edge cities.
Q6) Why is Don Mills important in the study of suburbs?
Page 17
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Chapter 16: Sociology and the Environment
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the polluter pays principle?
Q2) For decades a considerable number of Atlantic coast citizens made their living fishing cod. But in 1992, this way of life came to an abrupt halt. Why?
A) The market demand for cod had dwindled to the point where it was no longer a profitable business.
B) Advanced technologies used in cod fishing endeavours had become too expensive.
C) The federal government imposed a moratorium on cod fishing.
D) The vast majority of younger residents left in order to make higher wages in the Alberta oil industry.
Q3) Alberta collects more revenue from oil than it does from the province's taxpayers, despite the fact that it has one of the lowest royalty rates for oil extraction in the world.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Elizabeth May, a well-known environmentalist, is the current leader of the Green Party.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 17: Health and Aging
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Sample Questions
Q1) What characterizes informal care giving of the elderly?
A) The contributors are primarily sons.
B) It consists mostly of men aiding their wives.
C) It is usually provided by wives, then daughters.
D) It is paid for by the children of the elderly.
Q2) Helen's mother had a hip replaced and was out of the hospital in three days. She had a home-care worker come in to help her, but Helen would have liked another few days of care in a hospital. What influence on the health-care system does the shortened hospital stay reflect?
A) a public health system
B) globalization
C) an aging population
D) gendered discrimination
Q3) Demography is the study of the ethnic makeup of a given population.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Health inequalities in Canada have been on the decline as a result of the introduction of a universal health-care system.
A)True
B)False
Page 19
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Chapter 18: Politics and Social Movements
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following theories would support the thesis that people are most likely to rebel when rising expectations are met by an abrupt decline in social rewards?
A) anarchist theory
B) relative solidarity theory
C) relative deprivation theory
D) strain theory
Q2) The 2011 Occupy Movement began as a result of a Twitter hashtag created by the editor of an anti-consumerist magazine.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Elite theorists devote particular attention to how variations in the distribution of power influence political behaviour and public policy.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What are the four stages in the process of the expansion of citizen rights that were achieved/are being achieved as a result of social movements?
Q5) What is the difference between power and authority?
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Page 20
Chapter 19: Globalization
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Sample Questions
Q1) What percentage of the globe's waste is produced by the 20 percent of the world's population that lives in the industrialized countries?
A) 20
B) 40
C) 50
D) 75
Q2) What example does the text give to illustrate how corporate power, immigrant labour, and international supply lines all play a part in the globalization of fast food, and in what many of us choose to eat?
A) cola soft drinks
B) potato chips
C) the hamburger
D) the submarine sandwich
Q3) In our global economy, corporations have become bigger and more powerful than many national governments. Discuss the effect that this has had on citizens in countries around the world.
Q4) What is the basis of neoliberal economic policies?
Q5) What is the difference between top-down and bottom-up globalization?
Q6) How have corporations responded to anticorporate criticism?
Page 21
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Chapter 20: Research Methods
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Sample Questions
Q1) Tessa (a chemistry major) and Samantha (a sociology major) are roommates and one evening when studying for their midterms, Tessa asserted that sociologists don't "do" science. Samantha disagreed, saying that sociologists do science, but with one major difference. What is the primary difference that Samantha would cite?
A) Sociologists do not follow a prescribed method for researching.
B) Sociologists have to consider the meaningful action that underlies data collection
C) Chemistry is based on subjectivity and sociology is based on objectivity.
D) Chemistry is based on absolute truth and sociology is based on contextual truth.
Q2) Using your own examples, demonstrate how science differs from other forms of knowledge.
Q3) Which of the following techniques is often employed by social scientists to eliminate the problem of external validity associated with experiments?
A) participant observation
B) personal interviews
C) the survey technique
D) the field experiment
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Chapter 21: Networks, Groups, Bureaucracies, and Societies
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Sample Questions
Q1) If you live on a farm just outside a nearby town and you are about to harness an ox to a plow, what kind of society do you live in?
A) preindustrial
B) agricultural
C) horticultural
D) pastoral
Q2) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of a bureaucracy and incorporate examples from the text and your own personal experiences.
Q3) Less than 10 percent of Poland's Jews survived World War II.
A)True
B)False
Q4) If the work you are doing is taking care of the elderly in a nursing home, and your occupation is a Licensed Practical Nurse, what kind of society do you live in?
A) post technological
B) post labour
C) post modern
D) post industrial
Q5) Discuss the three types of leadership outlined in the text.
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