Sociology of Inequality Final
Test Solutions
Course Introduction
Sociology of Inequality explores the social structures, processes, and institutions that shape patterns of inequality within and across societies. The course examines key theories and concepts related to social stratification, focusing on dimensions such as class, race, gender, ethnicity, and age. Through the analysis of empirical research and case studies, students gain an understanding of how power and privilege are distributed and maintained, as well as the effects of inequality on individuals and communities. The course also considers historical and contemporary efforts to challenge and reduce inequalities, fostering critical thinking about policy solutions and social change.
Recommended Textbook
Understanding Social Problems 4th Canadian Edition by Linda A. Mooney
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14 Chapters
1427 Verified Questions
1427 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Thinking About Social Problems
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101 Verified Questions
101 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What type of expressions of disapproval are informal sanctions?
A) weak
B) strong
C) spontaneous
D) institutionalized
Answer: C
Q2) The dependent variable is the variable that the researcher wants to explain.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Which of the following perspectives can trace its origins to the works of Karl Marx?
A) social disorganization
B) conflict
C) structural-functionalist
D) social pathology
Answer: B
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Illness and Health Care
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127 Verified Questions
127 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the term for the number of deaths of live-born children under the age of one year per 1000 births?
A) morbidity
B) mortality
C) still-born rate
D) infant mortality rate
Answer: D
Q2) How was homosexuality once classified?
A) as a mental health disorder
B) as a dissociative disorder
C) as a personality disorder
D) as a somatoform disorder
Answer: A
Q3) In 2001, of the 30 countries in the OECD, only three-the United States, Germany, and Switzerland-spent more than Canada on health care as a proportion of GDP.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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4
Chapter 3: Alcohol and Other Drugs
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109 Verified Questions
109 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Statistics indicate that, when compared with non-users, drug users in the United Kingdom are more likely to be female, employed, and living in Northern England.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Alcoholics are seven times LESS likely to separate or divorce than non-alcoholics.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Which of the following can the criminalization of opium use in Canada be traced to?
A) the high rate of birth defects linked to the use of opium by pregnant women
B) the high rate of death among labourers who used opium while building railroads
C) the use of opium among the Chinese
D) the desire on the part of politicians to declare "a war on drugs"
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Crime and Violence
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104 Verified Questions
104 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Every country in the world practises some form of capital punishment.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Where do the data in the Uniform Crime Reporting Survey (UCR) come from?
A) victimization surveys
B) police departments
C) self-report offender surveys
D) Statistics Canada
Q3) The accuracy of official statistics is largely dependent on the willingness of victims to report their victimization experience.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What was the first modern police force to collect information about crime?
A) the FBI
B) the RCMP
C) Scotland Yard
D) Interpol
Q5) Restorative justice is most likely to be found in non-Aboriginal communities.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Family Problems
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108 Verified Questions
108 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is divorce mediation? From your point of view, what are some of the pros and cons of divorce mediation? How might these impact women?
Q2) What is polygamy?
A) a form of marriage where wives have more power than husbands
B) marriage between two people who are related by blood
C) a form of marriage involving more than two spouses
D) the practice in which every adult member of a tribe or village is considered a parent to every child in the tribe or village
Q3) Which of the following statements reflects data from the 1999 Canadian General Social Survey?
A) Aboriginal women stand out as being at higher risk of spousal assault.
B) In general, middle-aged people face the greatest risk of experiencing spousal violence.
C) The risk of being a victim of spousal violence was higher for both men and women in legal marriages than in common-law unions.
D) Spousal abuse is not all that common in marriages where both partners are under the age of 24 years old.
Q4) What is the "cycle of abuse"?
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Youth and Aging
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100 Verified Questions
100 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In 2001 in Canada, elderly men were more likely than elderly women to be divorced or widowed.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which theoretical perspective focuses on the social meanings and definitions associated with age?
A) structural-functionalism
B) conflict theory
C) symbolic interactionism
D) activity theory
Q3) What is ageism?
A) the belief that age is associated with certain psychological, behavioural, and intellectual traits
B) the belief that youth should respect their elders
C) the rejection of authority based on age
D) the widespread cultural fear of aging and death
Q4) The Canadian Association of Retired Persons is primarily a lobbying group.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What is ageism?
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Chapter 7: Gender Inequality
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93 Verified Questions
93 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Generally speaking, which of the following applies to Canadian women and political participation?
A) Men and women now have an equal number of participants.
B) The more important the office, the less likely women are to be elected.
C) Men hold approximately 95 percent of all political offices in Canada.
D) Women have made massive strides in the western provinces.
Q2) What is meant by the terms "expressive role" and "instrumental role"?
Q3) According to a study done by Pollock (2000), which of the following is likely to be a victim of violent crime?
A) disabled women
B) immigrants
C) women in general
D) men in general
Q4) According to the "relative resources" approach, women do more work around the house than men because they have the least amount of power.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What is cultural sexism?
Q6) What is structural sexism?
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Critical Studies in Race and Ethnicity
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104 Verified Questions
104 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which two provinces account for almost 75 percent of Canada's total visible minority population?
A) Quebec and Ontario
B) Quebec and Alberta
C) Alberta and British Columbia
D) Ontario and British Columbia
Q2) According to the textbook, which perspective focuses on how meanings and definitions contribute to the subordinate position of certain racial and ethnic groups?
A) conflict
B) structural-functionalist
C) symbolic interactionist
D) social control
Q3) The United States has been referred to as the "melting pot." What does this term mean? Is Canada also a melting pot? Support your answer.
Q4) Which of the following best describes aversive racists?
A) they are proud of their racist views
B) they view themselves as non-prejudiced
C) they are also called "traditional" or "old-fashioned" racists
D) they actively seek segregation
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Chapter 9: Sexualities
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97 Verified Questions
97 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The world's first legal same-sex marriage occurred on April 1, 2001. In which of the following countries did it take place?
A) Italy
B) the Netherlands
C) Spain
D) Norway
Q2) What does the term "sexual orientation" refer to?
Q3) Which type of theorists argue that the antagonisms between heterosexuals and non-heterosexuals represent a basic division in society between those with power and those without power?
A) structural-functionalist
B) conflict
C) symbolic interactionist
D) social control
Q4) Reparative therapy attempts to convert gays back to a heterosexual lifestyle.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Gender identity and gender expression are essentially interchangeable terms.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Poverty: National and International Issues
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95 Verified Questions
95 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In Canada, political efforts to reduce poverty among children have resulted in which of the following?
A) a large reduction in the problem
B) little impact on the problem
C) making the problem even worse
D) very mixed results in terms of the problem
Q2) In Canada, low income cut-off lines are primarily based on size of family and one other factor. What is it?
A) size of community in which one lives
B) mortgage rates
C) cost of borrowing money
D) relative value of the Canadian dollar
Q3) In Canada, poverty is much more prevalent among female-headed single-parent households than among other types of family structures.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In Canada, disability is a strong indicator of poverty.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: Work and Unemployment
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108 Verified Questions
108 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is characteristic of capitalism?
A) economic motivation through profit
B) governmental control of the economy
C) government and big business cooperation
D) the development of unions
Q2) Which labour market refers to jobs that are poorly paid with no security?
A) split
B) primary
C) secondary
D) tertiary
Q3) Bonded labour is most common in South America.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The overall standard of living is higher in capitalistic countries.
A)True
B)False
Q5) During the first half of 2000, almost all of Canada's blue-collar workers were union members.
A)True
B)False
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Problems in Education
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92 Verified Questions
92 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Canadian Constitution, unlike that of the United States, protects denominational or separate schools.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In Canada, which of the following is more common among children in low-income families than among children in middle- and higher-income families?
A) good health
B) hyperactivity
C) advanced vocabulary development
D) after-school enrichment programs
Q3) According to 2008 statistics, Canada has a dropout rate of almost 11 percent.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What is multicultural education?
Q5) For some unexplained reason, Canada has never adopted any form of Head Start programs.
A)True
B)False
Q6) What is the self-fulfilling prophecy as it relates to education?
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Environmental Problems
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107 Verified Questions
107 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following refers to an emphasis on tangible possessions?
A) materialism
B) collectivism
C) asceticism
D) altruism
Q2) Which of the following is caused mainly by the accumulation of various gases that collect in the atmosphere and hold heat from the sun close to the earth, preventing it from rising back into space?
A) global warming
B) acid rain
C) toxic waste
D) desertification
Q3) Which of the following causes the greenhouse effect?
A) overgrown rainforests
B) gases that collect in the air
C) desertification
D) acid rain
Q4) Bioinvasion usually occurs and as a result of displacement.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 14: Armed Conflict in Global Perspective
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82 Verified Questions
82 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The United Nations was founded immediately after World War I.
A)True
B)False
Q2) I have recently witnessed a horrific car accident in which several people were killed. Which of the following might I suffer from in the very near future?
A) suicidal ideation
B) posttraumatic stress disorder
C) manic depression
D) an inability to operate a motor vehicle
Q3) War has contributed indirectly to the industrialization and technological sophistication of the modern world.
A)True
B)False
Q4) According to Klare, what is the number one reason behind war and conflict?
A) powerful interest groups
B) border disputes
C) the needs of society
D) the military
Q5) Define "dual-use technologies."
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