Sociology of Groups
Chapter Exam Questions
Course Introduction
The Sociology of Groups examines the formation, structure, and dynamics of groups within societies, exploring how group membership influences individual behavior, identity, and relationships. Students analyze various types of groups, including primary, secondary, formal, and informal groups, while considering the impact of social norms, roles, leadership, conformity, and group decision-making processes. The course also addresses issues such as group conflict, cooperation, collective behavior, and the role of groups in reproducing or challenging societal inequalities, equipping students with a deeper understanding of group interactions in diverse social contexts.
Recommended Textbook
Group Dynamics 7th Edition by Donelson R.
Forsyth
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2
Chapter 1: An Introduction to Group Dynamics
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Q1) Individuals often identify with a group that they belong to but not with the social categories to which they belong.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Which of the following is highest in entitativity?
A)the class of 2018
B)cheerleaders cheering
C)African Americans in Virginia
D)lawyers
E)a network of "friends" on Facebook
Answer: B
Q3) Networks have boundaries,but many groups do not.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) Entitativity is a group's perceived cohesiveness.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Page 3
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Chapter 2: Studying Groups
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Q1) I use the Interaction Process Analysis in a study of groups and conclude that nearly 42% of behaviors occur in the positive behavior categories (1,3,and 3)and that only 22% of the behaviors in the group can be coded in the questions categories (7,8,9).My theory has elements of several theoretical approaches,but if you focus on the theory's most CENTRAL assumptions,you would call it a(n)___ theory.
A)motivation and emotion
B)behavioral
C)systems
D)cognitive
E)biological
Answer: B
Q2) Relative to experiments, correlational studies
A)do not yield as much information about cause-effect relationships.
B)are often distorted by the Hawthorne effect.
C)require excessive manipulation of the group situation.
D)do not provide an index of the magnitude of the relationship between variables.
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Inclusion and Identity
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Q1) Which of the following is not a need described by optimal distinctiveness theory?
A)need for control and stability
B)need to be assimilated by the group
C)need to be connected to friends and loved ones
D)need for autonomy and differentiation
Answer: A
Q2) Communal relationships are typified by a concern for the group rather than personal gain.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Social identity theory argues that ____ a group precedes identification with a group.
A)derogation of
B)categorization in
C)individuation of
D)labeling of
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Formation
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Q1) I try to work my way into the leadership positions and I enjoy exercising my authority over other people.I am
A)high in need for affiliation.
B)high in conscientiousness.
C)low in expressed affection.
D)high in need for power.
Q2) The three basic needs satisfied by group membership according to the Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Orientation theory are: happiness,relationality,and intellectual stimulation.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Gale prides herself on her athletic skills more so than her academic skills.According to self-evaluation maintenance theory,she will prefer to associate with A)athletes who are superior to her in terms of athletic ability.
B)physically attractive people.
C)students who get better grades than she does.
D)athletes who are better than she is both athletically and academically.
Q4) Compare the "fight-or-flight" theory to the "tend-and-befriend" theory.
Q5) In what ways to groups support their members?
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Chapter 5: Cohesion and Development
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Q1) Increases in attraction between individual members tends to lower the group's overall social cohesion.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Critique the use of hazing to increase the cohesion of fraternities and sororities on college campuses (using research evidence).
Q3) Apply the multi-component concept of cohesion to these three types of groups: a group of friends,a family,and a sports team.
Q4) Which is one of the stages of development identified by Tuckman?
A)forming
B)conforming
C)reforming
D)de-forming
Q5) Several experts who study group development believe that
A)conflict is destructive to groups and should be avoided if possible.
B)conflict usually only yields positive effects.
C)conflict is a normal and necessary part of group interaction.
D)groups must learn to avoid conflict.
Q6) What is group cohesion?
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Chapter 6: Structure
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Q1) Social network analysis offers researchers the means to "map" the interpersonal relations among the group members.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Don is a group therapist.When in group therapy,he often feels uncomfortable,because he does not like having to help people with their problems-which is just what a good therapist should do.Don may be experiencing A)intrarole conflict.
B)interrole conflict.
C)person-role conflict.
D)differentiation ambiguity.
Q3) Compare the roles typically seen in a small family (mother,father,son,daughter)to the roles often seen in small groups.
Q4) You are talking to a friend who is about to begin a year-long internship program in a company.Use the Moreland and Levine's theory of socialization to give advice to your friend about the upcoming experience.
Q5) Under what conditions are centralized and decentralized communication networks most efficient?
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Chapter 7: Influence
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Q1) Why do groups and the members of groups change their opinions over time?
Q2) Which of the following statements is true?
A)Women conform more than men in both public and private group situations.
B)Even when women have high status,they conform more than low status men.
C)Men often refuse to conform in face-to-face settings to demonstrate their independence.
D)Women's conformity springs from their biological need to belong.
Q3) Illustrate,through a hypothetical example,these four tendencies documented by Latané and his colleagues in their studies of social impact: consolidation,clustering,correlation,and continuing diversity.
Q4) Looking only at the 12 trials in which the participants faced an incorrect majority,the most frequent response of people across these 12 trials was
A)compliance.
B)anticonformity.
C)independence.
D)conversion
E)congruence
Q5) Describe the Crutchfield apparatus.What was the purpose behind its use? How does it relate to Asch's conformity studies?
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Chapter 8: Power
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Q1) Through election,I am unanimously selected to be leader.I have ____ power.
A)reward
B)referent
C)coercive
D)expert
E)legitimate
Q2) Which of the following statements is true?
A)About one quarter of Milgram's subjects "saw through" the deception and were suspicious.
B)Participants stopped when they realized they were hurting the learner.
C)Initially,Milgram expected that very few of his participants would be fully obedient.
D)Milgram asked participants to judge the length of nearly identical lines in groups.
E)About 10% of Milgram's refused to give even the mildest shock.
Q3) Milgram suggested an agentic state occurs when individuals become so submissive to authority that they feel little responsibility for their actions
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: Leadership
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Q1) The babble effect is the tendency to make simple ideas too complicated.
A)True
B)False
Q2) You are about to meet a person for the first time.You have been told only one thing about the person: That the individual is a "leader." Describe this individual in detail,including demographic and personal qualities.
Q3) Your leader is self-aware,self-controlled,has empathy,social skill,and can accurately interpret and manipulate moods.She is high in ___ intelligence.
A)suppositional
B)analytical
C)practical
D)emotional
E)people
Q4) Leadership is closely associated with what two aspects of the group?
A)fighting and fleeing
B)conflict and authority
C)status and power
D)task and interpersonal relations
E)power and submissiveness
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Chapter 10: Performance
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Q1) Working on difficult problems in the presence of others triggers activity in the dorso-lateral prefrontal cortex.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Kerr and his colleagues,in their studies of the Köhler effect,find that
A)individuals who discover they are the most inferior member of the group will expend greater effort to improve their performance.
B)the productivity of the group declines as the group increases in size.
C)when groups discover some of their members are incompetent,the more competent members work harder to make up for the weaker members.
D)groups will remove the "weakest link" from their group to improve performance.
E)the truth-wins rule usually applies.
Q3) Which of the following statements is true?
A)Synergy is a mystical process.
B)Groups often perform better than their best member does.
C)When individuals work on a collective task,the whole is greater than its parts.
D)Synergy occurs,but rarely,in groups.
E)When the best member expends more effort,groups display synergy.
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Chapter 11: Teams
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Q1) When researchers measured "group intelligence" by having groups complete a series of tasks that sampled from many sectors of the McGrath circumplex,they discovered groups
A)of mostly men outperformed groups of women or ones with many female members.
B)performed best when members contributed at nearly equal rates when working on the tasks.
C)that did well on performance type tasks did poorly on decision-making tasks.
D)with many intelligent individual members performed no better than groups whose members were less intelligent.
Q2) Which of the following is NOT a quality that is characteristic of highly effective teams?
A)Teams have leaders who assign tasks to members.
B)Team member actions are coordinated.
C)Teams have collective goals,meaning that success and failure occurs at the group level.
D)Team members are highly interdependent rather than self-sufficient.
E)Teams tend to be well structured,in that roles,norms,and relations are stable.
Q3) When should you form a team to perform a task instead of attempting it on your own?
Q4) Compare a cross-functional team to a multiteam system.
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Chapter 12: Decision Making
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Q1) Vroom's decision making model does NOT include which of the following decision methods.
A)Decides: The leader decides with no input from others.
B)Delegates: The leader delegates the decision to the group.
C)Consults: The leader obtains the opinions of subordinates and then the leader decides.
D)Facilitates: The leader assists as the group makes the decision.
E)Assigns: The leader assigns the problem to a specific individual.
Q2) Highly cohesive groups are less likely to experience groupthink.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Of all the suggestions below,which one is the BEST method for reducing the chances that a group will experience groupthink?
A)Use effective decision-making strategies.
B)Reduce social pressures by holding the meetings in a private location.
C)Take more time during the decision-making stage.
D)Make certain to avoid the shared information bias.
E)Encourage a cautious rather than risky shift.
Q4) On a hot day,Jerry Harvey's family decided to drive to Abilene in an un-air-conditioned car.Why?
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Conflict
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Q1) De Dreu's work on conflict in groups found that in a conflict resolution stage
A)arguing and forcing your opinion on others improved team functioning.
B)trying to talk things out worsened team functioning.
C)avoiding responses and ignoring issues worsened team functioning.
D)the consistent use of collaboration led to improved team functioning.
Q2) ___ tends to reduce conflict,whereas ___ increases it.
A)Undermatching;overmatching
B)Equality;equity
C)Bilateral threats;unilateral threats
D)Individualism;collectivism
E)Negative reciprocity;positive reciprocity
Q3) When Lisa and Seymour first meet,Seymour cooperates and Lisa competes.Later,when Lisa cooperates,Seymour cooperates.When Lisa competes,Seymour competes.Seymour is following a ___ strategy.
A)contentious.
B)tit-for-tat
C)imposition
D)problem-solving
Q4) Summarize the methods used and results obtained by Deutsch and Krauss in their "trucking game" experiment.
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Chapter 14: Intergroup Relations
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Q1) At the Robbers Cave,the Sherifs fueled intergroup conflict by
A)manipulating the group leaders.
B)promoting intergroup competition.
C)faking intergroup attacks.
D)giving one group special privileges.
E)promoting intragroup competition.
Q2) Which of the following does not belong with the others?
A)Decategorization
B)Recategorization
C)Dehumanization
D)Cross-categorization
Q3) When Anne,a visitor to the U.S.from Europe,learns that voters elected Donald Trump,she assumes that everyone in the U.S.likes Trump.She has fallen prey to A)stereotyped thinking.
B)the law of small numbers
C)a group attribution error.
D)double-standard thinking.
E)a prototype.
Q4) Use scapegoat theory to explain racial conflicts.
Q5) Briefly describe the jigsaw technique.
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Groups in Context
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Q1) Which of the following statements is true about personal space?
A)Generally,individuals' personal space requirements are constant across situations.
B)Different individuals require different amounts of personal space.
C)Personal space needs are the same no matter what your cultural background.
Q2) Which of the following statements is true?
A)The idea that people are more difficult to defeat if they are on their home turf is a myth.
B)People working with others on a cooperative task are more dominant if they must venture away from their home territory.
C)Playing at home is a disadvantage in most sports.
D)Individuals seem to gain strength and resolve when the dispute takes place on their home territory.
Q3) Which of the following statements is true?
A)Territories no longer serve a useful function for humans.
B)Territories help individuals maintain their privacy.
C)Territories prevent individuals from expressing their own personal identities.
D)Because they are linked to conflict,territories cause disorganization in groups.
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Chapter 16: Growth and Change
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Q1) Which of the following is NOT one of the components typically included in the structured learning group cycle?
A)support
B)orientation
C)analysis
D)application
E)experience
Q2) Gestalt and psychoanalytic groups are similar in that both are
A)behavioral.
B)humanistic.
C)leader-centered.
D)unstructured.
Q3) Compare individualized therapy methods to the techniques used by group psychotherapists.
Q4) Hope,guidance,cohesion,and altruism are all therapeutic factors available in group therapy.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What are the advantages and disadvantages of using an online group for social support?
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Chapter 17: Crowds and Collectives
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Q1) The social movement in Egypt in the spring of 2011 was an example of a revolutionary social movement.
A)True
B)False
Q2) I think that mob action is like a disease that overtakes healthy people,corrupts them,and causes them to act in ways they never would normally.I favor ___ theory of crowding.
A)convergence
B)emergent norm
C)Le Bon's contagion
D)social identity
Q3) After reading about a riot at a hockey game,a person says "Well,what do you expect given the sorts of people who go to those things." This statement is most consistent with a(n)___ theory of collective behavior.
A)convergence
B)deindividuation
C)emergent norm
D)contagion
Q4) Why do people spread rumors?
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