Sociology of Gender Final Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Sociology of Gender explores the social construction and implications of gender in various cultural, historical, and institutional contexts. The course examines how gender shapes individual identities, social interactions, and structural inequalities, focusing on topics such as gender roles, stereotypes, power relations, intersectionality, and the influence of social institutions such as family, education, media, and the workplace. Students will analyze both theoretical perspectives and empirical studies to understand how gender affects experiences, opportunities, and outcomes in society, and will critically assess movements for gender equity and social change.
Recommended Textbook Transformations Women Gender and Psychology 3rd Edition by Mary Crawford
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Paving the Way
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Sample Questions
Q1) Although psychologists like to do experiments because they can show causation, A) interviews tend to yield more accurate results.
B) case study methods may be more useful to researchers overall.
C) few female researchers have been trained in the experimental.
D) behavior in a laboratory may not be representative of behavior in other situations.
Answer: D
Q2) Research on ethnic minorities of both sexes is scarce EXCEPT when A) the results are applicable to majority culture.
B) the emphasis is on ethnic individuals who have been assimilated into majority culture.
C) the focus is social problems like teen pregnancy or crime.
D) the purpose of the research is to demonstrate superiority of majority culture.
Answer: C
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3
Chapter 2: Gender, Status, and Power
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Q1) Zimmerman & West (1975) found in same-gender conversations that A) interruptions were equally divided between the speakers.
B) over 65 percent of interruptions were by the older individual.
C) over 85 percent of interruptions were by the younger individual.
D) individuals did not interrupt each other at all.
Answer: A
Q2) When women dress up in short skirts, wear makeup, and do their hair before going out to a club, they are ________.
A) doing gender
B) heterosexist
C) oppressed
D) discriminatory
Answer: A
Q3) Which behavior do most people see as the rudest?
A) a man interrupting a man
B) a man interrupting a woman
C) a woman interrupting a man
D) a woman interrupting a woman
Answer: C
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Images of Women
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Q1) Which of the following is NOT one of the four main subtypes of the female role?
A) housewife
B) athletic woman
C) sexy woman
D) friendly woman
Answer: D
Q2) Which of the following is true about articles on female politicians, athletes, and authors that prioritize women's appearances?
A) The articles objectify these females.
B) The articles gender mark these females.
C) The articles embody these females.
D) None of these answers is correct.
Answer: A
Q3) Even when women have the authority to be heard, their
A) children's names are part of their introduction.
B) appearance is paramount.
C) parents' occupations take precedence.
D) occupation is of utmost importance.
Answer: B
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Page 5
Chapter 4: The Meanings of Difference
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Q1) What approaches have been suggested by feminist researchers as alternatives to document gender-related differences?
Q2) The Japanese proverb "the nail that sticks up gets hammered down" means that
A) people should not stand out or be different from everyone else.
B) the Japanese do not like sloppy workmanship.
C) those people who stand up for what they believe in will get what they need in life.
D) you might get hit if you disagree with someone in Japan.
Q3) Which of the following statements is true of collectivist cultures?
A) Development of an independent self is encouraged.
B) Both women and men are allowed to feel and express emotion.
C) Each individual is seen as unique.
D) Females are assigned the task of compensating for the emotional deficits of males.
Q4) Imagine picking up tomorrow's morning newspaper and reading the following headline: "Reasoning Ability: New Research Shows Boys May Have Genetic Advantage." Explain how you would evaluate this claim.
Q5) Explain why women's "emotionality" is rooted in a sociocultural context.
Q6) What are display rules? Provide examples in your discussion.
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Sex, Gender, and Bodies
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Q1) The testes typically produce ________, which shape the development of a typical male body in male fetuses.
A) estrogens
B) androgens
C) gonads
D) Y chromosomes
Q2) What is gender dysphoria? Why do people choose to have sex changes?
Q3) In India, a third sex or "third nature" people are referred to as
A) two-spirit people or berdaches.
B) hijras or Aravanis.
C) kathoeys.
D) fa'afafine.
Q4) During the first month or so after conception, ________.
A) the genetic sex of the fetus can be determined using an ultrasound machine
B) the fetus has a structure that will become either a penis or a clitoris
C) the genetic sex of the fetus has not yet been determined
D) the genetic sex of the fetus has not yet been determined, and the fetus has a structure that will become either a penis or a clitoris
Q5) Explain the term "intersexuality."
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Chapter 6: Gendered Identities: Childhood and Adolescence
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Q1) In an Internet survey of 5,907 LGBT students aged 13 to 18 conducted by Mitchell et al. (2016), who among the following reported having been sexually harassed within the past year?
A) transgender youth
B) lesbian girls
C) genderqueer boys
D) bisexual girls
Q2) Selective abortion of female fetuses
A) has been found only in China.
B) is consistent with societies that permit female infanticide.
C) is officially sanctioned in India.
D) is never practiced in the United States.
Q3) Once children know that there are two gender categories and have developed a core gender identity, they pay more attention to ________ models than to ________ models.
A) same-gender; other-gender
B) preschool-aged; adult
C) gender-neutral; gender-typed
D) adult; gender-neutral
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Chapter 7: Sex, Love, and Romance
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Q1) In a meta-analysis of studies on teens' sexual decision making including nearly 70,000 adolescents in 15 countries, von de Bongardt et al. (2015) found that
A) beliefs about others' behavior were more important than the actual sexual attitudes of peers.
B) there were positive outcomes for both boys and girls who decided to have early sex. C) the experience of first intercourse was almost similar for both young women and men.
D) adolescents who opted for friends with benefits were romantically involved and always had sex with their partners.
Q2) In the context of sex talk, which of the following is NOT an example of sexist language?
A) girls being more likely to be taught vague terms such as "thingy" and "down there"
B) the many terms describing women and their genitals in specifically sexual ways
C) the use of the word "intercourse" to refer to sexual penetration
D) the double meaning of the term "screw" for sexuality and harm
Q3) Describe the pros and cons of sex education for girls and women.
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Chapter 8: Commitments: Women and Close Relationships
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Q1) Which of these factors is present in egalitarian marriages?
A) Both members have equal power and authority.
B) Both members share responsibilities equally.
C) Both members choose to spend a lot of time together.
D) All of these answers are correct.
Q2) Why do some people choose to cohabit?
Q3) In the context of greater male power in marriage, which of the following statements is true of the social exchange theory?
A) It focuses on the symbolic value of gender roles.
B) It states that women should make the financial decision of a family.
C) It proposes that the partner who has less to offer in terms of status, money, or knowledge should take a back seat.
D) It greatly values the capacity of women to act as provider.
Q4) Suggest two or three factors accounting for the increased rate of divorce in the United States over the past 40 years.
Q5) Overall, cross-cultural differences in mate preference are greater than differences between men and women within the same culture. What does this statement mean?
Q6) Is egalitarian marriage possible? Why or why not?
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Chapter 9: Mothering
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Q1) Plan B, the "morning-after pill," is not available without a prescription because A) a Federal agency thought it would encourage women to have unprotected sex.
B) it can cause side effects that should be monitored by a physician.
C) Roe v. Wade did not cover oral medication that can be used in abortions.
D) it is not always effective, and a woman may need another dose.
Q2) What are additional strains on lesbian couples who have children? How are children affected by having lesbian parents?
Q3) During pregnancy, the amount of norepinephrine in a woman's body ________ and the amount of stress-associated hormones ________.
A) increases; increases
B) increases; decreases
C) decreases; increases
D) decreases; decreases
Q4) Describe the Lamaze method and what its effects seem to be for mothers and fathers.
Q5) Define and describe birth control methods, psychological consequences of abortion, attitudes about abortion, Caesarean birth, and postpartum depression (including hormonal and social influences).
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Chapter 10: Work and Achievement
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe some of the added strains on women of color in the workplace.
Q2) The director of an automobile manufacturer's assembly lines believes that only men should be promoted from assembly line worker to shift supervisor. The director says that research shows that many men do not like being supervised by women and, in addition, women are, on average, more concerned with workers' emotional well-being than with production. Criticize the director's policy.
Q3) Women are expected to be more caring and supportive than men, yet their caring is simultaneously devalued. Discuss this statement, providing evidence to support it.
Q4) Sarah has aided her husband's advancement in a leading pharmaceutical company. When asked about her husband's career, she is likely to report that she
A) feels a sense of vicarious achievement.
B) feels used and exploited.
C) had little to do with his success.
D) either feels a sense of vicarious achievement or feels used and exploited.
Q5) Describe the effects of mentors and role models on women. Which would you rather have-a mentor or a role model? Explain your answer.
Q6) Why is it frequently difficult to see patterns of discrimination?
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Page 12
Chapter 11: The Second Half: Midlife and Aging
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Q1) What does the statement "like gender, age is a system of social classification" mean?
Q2) Discuss the positive aspects of growing older from a woman's perspective.
Q3) Which of the following is true of how aging men and women view their bodies?
A) Men tend to talk about their bodies as wholes, while women speak of parts of their bodies.
B) Men tend to talk about their bodies as if they were cars, while women speak of their bodies as if they were household appliances.
C) Men tend to talk about their bodies as improving with age, while women speak of their bodies as improving only with plastic surgery.
D) All of these answers are correct.
Q4) Which of the following is a consequence of speaking to elders as if they are incompetent?
A) It can create a self-fulfilling prophecy.
B) It can lead to them acting as if they are in poorer health than they might otherwise.
C) It can be patronizing.
D) All of these answers are correct.
Q5) In the context of work and achievement, discuss how retirement affects women.
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Violence Against Women
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Q1) The idea that men are unceasingly and unapologetically violent in abusive relationships
A) is belied by the cyclical pattern of most domestic violence.
B) holds up under research.
C) is true primarily in White relationships.
D) is true primarily in teen relationships.
Q2) Describe the cycle of violence in battering relationships and how the cycle keeps women in abusive relationships.
Q3) In the context of violence against women, sexual assault by a dating partner or someone known to the victim is termed ________.
A) common couples violence
B) acquaintance rape
C) patriarchal terrorism
D) unwanted pursuit behavior
Q4) Which of the following is a factor contributing to the trafficking of children?
A) extreme poverty
B) gender inequality
C) limited choices
D) All of these answers are correct.
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Chapter 13: Psychological Disorders, Therapy, and Womens
Well-Being
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Q1) Why are women diagnosed more often than men with depression? Include in your discussion the importance of biological, social, and cultural contributors.
Q2) How are anxiety, depression, and eating disorders related to the objectification of women? What factors contribute to a woman developing or resisting eating disorders?
Q3) Which of the following is experienced by individuals with dependent personality disorder?
A) They have a longing to nurture, care, and protect.
B) They are extremely adept at making minor daily decisions.
C) They require a lot of reassurance and advice.
D) They easily express their disagreement with others.
Q4) Labeling women as masochistic
A) provided them with appropriate responsibility.
B) is unusual in industrialized nations.
C) provided a rationalization or justification for their subordinate status.
D) provided them with appropriate responsibility and is unusual in industrialized nations.
Q5) What cultural factors do feminists use to explain the epidemic of female psychological disorders during the Victorian era?
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Chapter 14: Making a Difference: Toward a Better Future for Women
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Q1) Which of the following statements is true of the 1980s version of backlash?
A) The media began to declare feminism outdated.
B) The media claimed that equal rights had been fully achieved.
C) Everything from infertility to the breakdown of society was blamed on feminism.
D) All of these answers are correct.
Q2) The major accomplishment of the first wave of feminist activists was A) the vote for women.
B) the work associated with reproductive rights.
C) the acknowledgement of equal pay for equal work.
D) the decrease of sexism in the media.
Q3) Attempts to put women, and particularly feminists, in their "place" is referred to as A) the "Jekyll and Hyde" approach.
B) quarreling.
C) the war among women.
D) backlash.
Q4) What issues are faced by contemporary feminists?
Q5) Describe the backlash against feminism over the last century. How is that backlash alive today?
Page 16
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