Sociology of Everyday Life Question Bank
Course Introduction
Sociology of Everyday Life explores the ways in which social structures, cultural norms, and interpersonal interactions shape our daily experiences and behaviors. The course examines concepts such as identity, socialization, rituals, and routines, highlighting how ordinary activities contribute to the maintenance and change of society. Students will analyze phenomena like language, etiquette, space, and time, applying sociological theories to understand how individuals both influence and are influenced by their social context. Through readings, discussions, and practical observations, this course encourages critical reflection on the seemingly mundane aspects of life, revealing their deeper social significance.
Recommended Textbook
You May Ask Yourself An Introduction to Thinking Like a Sociologist Core 4th Edition by Dalton Conley
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Chapter 1: The Sociological Imagination: An Introduction
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Q1) Discuss the main ideas of the conflict theory of sociology.
Answer: Conflict theorists argue that conflict and competition-not consensus,as functionalists suggest-are the basic forces that guide the behaviors of people and societies.In other words,conflict among competing interests over societal resources drives social change.Karl Marx's work on historical materialism and his critique of capitalism guide conflict theory.
Q2) Discuss the main ideas of functionalist sociology.
Answer: Functionalism is a consensus theory,which holds out the possibility of social harmony in a well-oiled societal machine.Some argue that functionalism is an extension of a nineteenth-century theory known as organicism,the idea that society is much like a living organism and can be studied as such. Durkheim's concepts of division of labor,social solidarity,and anomie are all part of this theory.Talcott Parsons argued that functionalism got its name from the notion that the best way to analyze society is to identify the roles that different aspects or phenomena play,and that these may be manifest functions (intended functions)and/or latent functions (hidden,unintended functions).
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Chapter 2: Methods
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Q1) A correlation is a:
A) change in one variable that is caused by another.
B) simultaneous change in two variables.
C) relationship between two moderating variables.
D) relationship between cause and effect.
Answer: B
Q2) What is generalizability in social science research and why is sampling important in it?
Answer: A major goal of social research is generalizability,which means the extent to which a researcher can claim that his or her findings inform beyond the group that was studied.Sampling is important because it is almost always impossible to study a total population or census to inform our research,so a subset of the population can be used to explain a larger group.This is why it is important to have a sample that is representative of the group we want to be able to say something about.For example,case studies have many strengths but they are low in generalizability because they only involve one case in a sample.
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Chapter 3: Culture and Media
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Q1) Ideologies are:
A) systems that change only when massive revolutions take place in particular societies.
B) systems that remain constant over time.
C) often brought into question when certain aspects of that ideology are challenged.
D) no longer existent in modern societies.
Answer: C
Q2) According to data presented in Chapter 3,by 1964,____________ percent of U.S.households had a television set.
A) 25
B) 50
C) 78
D) 92
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Socialization and the Construction of Reality
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Q1) Involuntary statuses that we are born into are called:
A) ascribed statuses.
B) achieved statuses.
C) status sets.
D) master status.
Q2) What is role conflict and how does it differ from role strain? Compare and contrast the two concepts and give an example of each.
Q3) Which of the following best describes the difference between the I and the me in George Herbert Mead's theory?
A) The I is selfish and impulsive; the me is how we believe others see us.
B) The I is empathetic; the me is self-absorbed.
C) The I is how we believe others view us; the me is how we view ourselves.
D) The I wants to please others; the me wants to please the self.
Q4) Although there are many agents of socialization,four of the primary ones,according to the textbook,are:
A) television, music, videos, and books.
B) schools, the military, colleges, and day care centers.
C) peers, religion, sororities, and fraternities.
D) family, schools, peers, and media.
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Chapter 5: Groups and Networks
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Q1) Which of the following types of groups are significant in that they distinguish between the relative power to define what are normal versus abnormal types of behavior within the groups?
A) in-groups and out-groups
B) primary and secondary groups
C) small and large groups
D) parties and large groups
Q2) A family is an example of which type of group identified by Cooley?
A) primary
B) secondary
C) small
D) large
Q3) If the buying public can be seen as playing two producers off against each other and promoting their self-interest by gaining the lowest price,the buying public could be viewed as playing the role of:
A) the third that rejoices.
B) divide and conquer.
C) mediator.
D) monopoly.
Q4) Describe the Asch experiments conducted on group conformity.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Social Control and Deviance
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Q1) Define what Durkheim meant by social cohesion and distinguish between his two types of social solidarity,using an example of each.Which is most applicable to the modern-day United States,and why?
Q2) In industrialized societies,social sanctions are most likely:
A) associated with "an eye for an eye," as mentioned in the Bible.
B) focused on the criminal's individual circumstances.
C) public punishment, as in public hangings.
D) ignored by the criminal justice systems.
Q3) A crime such as burglary is also known as which type of deviance?
A) informal
B) formal
C) secondary
D) social
Q4) In 1973,the governor of New York State enacted legislation mandating increased prison terms for drug possession and sale.These are still in effect and are known as:
A) three strikes.
B) the war on drugs.
C) the Rockefeller drug laws.
D) you do the line, you do the time.
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Chapter 7: Stratification
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Q1) Each society has a type of social stratification.How does the United States ideologically justify its type of stratification system?
A) The class a person is in has nothing to do with ability; one is born into it.
B) A person is in complete control over the class he or she is in. Hard work (or lack of it) determines class.
C) One's relatives are responsible for one's social class.
D) Luck determines class.
Q2) Sociologists have been trying to figure out why Europe (and ultimately the United States)was first to experience the Industrial Revolution.Some feel that it was due to geography.Thinking of the United States (compared to Africa),why would we,not Africa,have become an industrialized nation?
Q3) Mills argues that there are three major institutional forces in modern American society in which the power of decision making has become centralized.Which of the following is NOT one of these forces?
A) economic institutions
B) social order
C) political order
D) military order
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Chapter 8: Gender
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Q1) Harvard president Larry Summers stated that at the highest levels of performance,men might have an innate advantage over women in scientific aptitude and that genetic differences could explain the scarcity of female "hard" scientists at elite universities.Journalists termed this:
A) Gendergate.
B) genderism.
C) sexism.
D) gender lockout.
Q2) Under the sex/gender system,men universally perform the kinds of tasks that:
A) require more strength.
B) are accorded higher value than those done by women.
C) require more intelligence.
D) require more education.
Q3) Dr.John Money claimed that a genetic male could be raised successfully as a girl.The David Reimer story showed that Money's claims were:
A) wrong.
B) accurate if hormonal treatment was used.
C) biologically impossible.
D) helpful to David and his family.
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Chapter 9: Race
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Q1) An 1851 excerpt from Harper's Weekly magazine describes a certain racial group as lawbreaking,idle,thriftless,poor,and barbarian.What group is this excerpt describing?
A) Irish
B) African Americans
C) Italians
D) Jews
Q2) According to Nell Irvin Painter,author of The History of White People,white people: A) have a great sense of awareness of their status as white.
B) typically just see themselves as "individuals."
C) are made acutely aware of their identity as white by society.
D) are losing their advantaged status in society.
Q3) Hippocrates believed that physical markers such as skin color were the result of: A) genetics.
B) social status.
C) different environmental factors.
D) historical context.
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Chapter 10: Poverty
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Q1) What does Susan Mayer argue are the effects of income on poor children? How could her research affect the programs (current and future)designed to help poor children?
Q2) In general,a major goal of Clinton's 1996 Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act was to:
A) get people back into the labor market as soon as possible.
B) eliminate poverty among children.
C) increase government assistance for those in poverty.
D) expand employment opportunities in government and civil service.
Q3) The Gini coefficient is:
A) a comparison of poverty rates.
B) the U.S. poverty line.
C) a measure of economic inequality.
D) a measure of poverty rates.
Q4) One of the problems with "aiding the poor" is what experts call perverse incentives.What does this term mean? Give some examples from U.S.history.
Q5) Explain the official poverty line of the United States,which was created by Mollie Orshansky.Is this a good way to measure poverty? Why or why not?
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Chapter 11: Health and Society
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Q1) Your text suggests that significant economic development in underdeveloped areas of the world would require:
A) lower birthrates.
B) eliminating malaria.
C) AIDS education.
D) a decrease of infant deaths.
Q2) Discuss the social power,political power,and prestige that doctors hold in the United States.Why do doctors have so much of each? What responsibilities go along with social power and prestige?
Q3) The longevity discrepancy between blacks and whites may be a sign of:
A) birth order.
B) age of mother at birth.
C) social inequality.
D) height of father.
Q4) When Susie takes up smoking,the cost of her insurance coverage goes up.This is a result of:
A) risk insurance.
B) risk adjustment.
C) a clerical error.
D) risk adversity.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Family (in Core edition)
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Q1) Approximately what percentage of U.S.marriages ends in divorce?
A) 10 percent
B) 25 percent
C) 40 percent
D) 75 percent
Q2) Marital rates among blacks in the United States have declined since:
A) the twenty-first century began.
B) 1865.
C) 1915.
D) the 1960s.
Q3) When a society has rules that limit marital choices to people within their own social group,such as within their social class or religion,this is known as:
A) endogamy.
B) exogamy.
C) monogamy.
D) polygamy.
Q4) Discuss the main findings from research on the chore wars-the gendered division of household labor-as studied by Hochschild (1989,2003)and Zelizer (2005).
Q5) Define endogamy and exogamy as family forms and give an example of each.
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Chapter 13: Education
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Q1) What was the name of the landmark court ruling that mandated desegregation of American schools?
A) Brown v. Board of Education
B) Kozol v. Board of Education
C) Coleman v. Board of Education
D) STAR v. Board of Education
Q2) If affirmative action programs were eliminated,which group would most likely see an increase in chances of admission to elite colleges and universities?
A) black students
B) female students
C) Hispanic students
D) Asian students
Q3) When studies control for family background characteristics,the SAT:
A) becomes highly predictive of college success.
B) predicts college graduation rates.
C) no longer predicts college grades very well.
D) all of the above.
Q4) Explain how sex and social class intersect and may account for educational differences between males and females.
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Chapter 14: Capitalism and the Economy
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Q1) An increasing number of workers are working from home today.This blurs the line between work and family.Compare how the blurred lines between family and work are similar (or dissimilar)to an economy dominated by small-scale artisan labor/subsistence farming.
Q2) FBI consultant Robert Hare claimed that in the pursuit of profits for shareholders,corporations exhibit many of the same traits as:
A) psychopaths.
B) philanthropists.
C) narcissists.
D) hedonists.
Q3) Adam Smith demonstrated with his pin factory example that:
A) capitalism constantly destroys old technologies in favor of new ones.
B) factory production cannot create products as desirable as craft production.
C) factory production leads to social problems, including alienation and poverty.
D) by dividing labor, factory production increases output by making it more efficient.
Q4) The service sector is considered the most important and recent change in the American economy.Discuss this change along with the development of globalization.
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Chapter 15: Authority and the State
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Q1) Which of the following is an example of an interest group?
A) a presidential campaign
B) a corporation lobbying to win a government contract
C) a book club
D) an individual needing social services
Q2) Most people living within a state have certain rights as citizens of that nation,called ____________ rights.
A) public
B) private
C) citizenship
D) social
Q3) After the period of rapid industrialization that began in the late eighteenth century and culminated at the beginning of the twentieth century,many states began adopting various policies developed to meet social needs.This is referred to as:
A) welfare.
B) social policy.
C) social insurance.
D) social security.
Q4) Explain why Weber's definition of state does not fit many African states.
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Chapter 16: Religion
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Q1) Buddhists adhere to certain principles to lead moral lives.This is called:
A) animism.
B) theism.
C) ethicalism.
D) pluralism.
Q2) With regard to people changing their religious affiliations,which of the following is true?
A) Nearly all Americans change their religious affiliations more than once during adulthood.
B) There is more growth among conservative Protestant denominations; moderate and liberal denominations have lost members.
C) Teenagers tend to feel less connected to religion once they have "shopped around" for a denomination.
D) Religion shopping is less common among young adults than it is among middle-aged adults.
Q3) Religion in the United States has been found to be more broad than deep.Explain.
Q4) Give an example of how the sacred is separated from the profane.What social functions are served by this separation?
Q5) What is the sect-church cycle? How can this help us understand social change?
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Chapter 17: Science, the Environment, and Society
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Q1) What did Latour and Woolgar suggest may influence which research findings receive the most attention?
A) the race of the researchers
B) power struggles within the lab hierarchy
C) political agendas
D) the source of the research funding
Q2) One of the concerns with the Human Genome Project is that once your genetic structure is known:
A) you may be able to genetically redesign yourself.
B) you may be labeled in such a way that a self-fulfilling prophecy takes place.
C) you may be unable to get dates.
D) your parents may divorce you.
Q3) Thomas Kuhn referred to normal science as science that's conducted within an existing paradigm.All of the following are examples of normal science EXCEPT:
A) learning additional (or new) information about an existing scientific discovery.
B) gathering evidence to lend stronger support to an existing theory.
C) clarifying pieces of an existing paradigm.
D) discovering evidence that turns existing ways of thinking completely around.
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Chapter 18: Collective Action, Social Movements, and Social Change
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Q1) Participating in "the wave" at a baseball game is an example of
theory.
A) contagion
B) convergence
C) mass collective
D) emergent norm
Q2) Which is one of the major breaks characterizing the postmoderm period and differentiating it from the modern period?
A) an uncritical faith in technology's ability to solve problems
B) an appreciation of many different ways of knowing and understanding
C) an appreciation of the steady progress of human society
D) a resurgence of religiosity
Q3) Discuss the theories of collective action: convergence theory,contagion theory,and emergent norm theory.
Q4) In what ways does collective action affect the development of individual identity? Write a couple of paragraphs defining who you are in terms of the effects of collective action.Using examples,what are the benefits of group affiliation?
Q5) What are the two types of collective action? Give examples of membership.
Page 20
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