Sociology of Everyday Life Midterm Exam
Course Introduction
Sociology of Everyday Life examines how ordinary, daily experiences are shaped by social interactions, structures, and cultural norms. This course explores how individuals understand and negotiate social roles, relationships, routines, and identities within various contexts such as family, work, and public spaces. Through concepts like socialization, rituals, and the construction of reality, students analyze how seemingly trivial behaviors reflect deeper societal values and power dynamics. The course utilizes case studies, observation, and theoretical perspectives to encourage critical reflection on how the mundane routines of life reveal broader sociological processes.
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New Society 7th Edition by Robert J. Brym
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Sociology
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Q1) Which of the following would be a key focus of analysis for feminist theorists?
A) biology
B) matriarchy
C) patriarchy
D) macro analysis
Answer: C
Q2) What focus of analysis is shared by the conflict and functional perspectives?
A) an imperative coordination at individual and personal levels
B) the nuances of meaning in people's thoughts and actions
C) the production of social reality and consensus building
D) an examination of social structures across society
Answer: D
Q3) The Democratic Revolution encouraged the view that sound conclusions about how society works should be based on evidence, not speculation.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) Identify and describe the great sociological puzzles of our time.
Answer: Postindustrialism and globalization.
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Chapter 2: Culture
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Q1) What do sociologists call rewards and punishments that are aimed at ensuring conformity?
A) norms
B) sanctions
C) folklore
D) folkways
Answer: B
Q2) What is the sociological term that relates to social control and refers to the rewarding of appropriate behaviour?
A) positive conditioning
B) operant conditioning
C) positive sanction
D) reward sanction
Answer: C
Q3) Cultural fragmentation is in decline in the postindustrial era.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) What are the two faces of culture, as presented in the text?
Answer: Culture as freedom, culture as constraint.
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Chapter 3: Socialization
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Q1) "Since I retired, I haven't been quite sure what to do with all my time. My children told me to relax and enjoy my retirement, but I still feel like I have a contribution to make to society." What challenge faced by retirees today is reflected in this statement?
A) senior status
B) unfulfilled status
C) retired status
D) roleless status
Answer: D
Q2) Which theory views socialization as a continuous process of negotiating identities, shaping self-concepts, and including the active role of individuals in their own development?
A) feminism
B) symbolic interactionism
C) conflict
D) structural functionalism
Answer: B
Q3) How does the media inadvertently perpetuate stereotypes?
Answer: By displaying role models that young people imitate.
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5
Chapter 4: Gender and Sexuality
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Q1) According to the text, activities that are intended to lead to erotic arousal and produce genital response are governed by what?
A) neofeminists
B) moral entrepreneurs
C) marital norms
D) sexual scripts
Q2) According to the text, what does the research show on the topic of female aggressiveness?
A) Many women are more aggressive than the average man.
B) Aggressiveness is not an inherent characteristic of women.
C) Women are inherently more aggressive than men.
D) Men are inherently more aggressive than women.
Q3) According to the text, which of the following is the main alternative to essentialism?
A) politicized sexism
B) social constructionism
C) sensualistic pluralism
D) culturalistic feminism
Q4) Explain the difference between transgendered persons and transsexuals.
Q5) Explain the difference between one's sex and one's gender.
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Chapter 5: Communication and Mass Media
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Q1) When British songwriter Adele became known worldwide, the world was brought together through her shared meanings and understandings of heartbreak and dating relationships. Which of the following terms best characterizes the sharing of information and cultural understandings of life experiences?
A) interaction
B) sharing
C) targeting
D) communication
Q2) According to the text, which of the following statements reflects the concept of a digital divide?
A) Use of CMC is unrelated to general social stratification.
B) The developing world produces the majority of Internet content.
C) People with higher education are more likely to be online.
D) Today, social class has no bearing on who is online.
Q3) According to the text, what do ordinary news sources do?
A) speak objectively and in an unbiased way
B) deliver messages on behalf of an organization
C) counterbalance bias of mainstream media
D) personalize the harmful effects of bad news
Q4) What is cultural imperialism? Explain how this relates to Canada.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Social Stratification
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Q1) According to the text, what is the term for growth in white-collar occupations in industrial societies over the past half-century?
A) sector-shift mobility
B) circulatory mobility
C) structural mobility
D) exchange mobility
Q2) Salina bought a clothing factory, upgraded the sewing machines, and purchased higher-quality cloth to make high-fashion clothing. What would Marx say she invested in?
A) the mode of production
B) the means of production
C) both the mode and means of production
D) the relations of production
Q3) Describe the basic differences between Davis and Moore's functionalist approach to stratification and the other conflict approaches discussed in the text.
Q4) About 10 percent of Canadians are classified as poor.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Identify and describe the four types of occupational mobility.
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Chapter 7: Gender Inequality
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the alternate term for sex labelling?
A) sex segregation
B) occupational bias
C) sex stereotyping
D) sex typing
Q2) Judith is a 45-year old-woman with three teenaged children and an ailing 75-year-old mother. Her days are filled with her full-time job, and chauffeuring her mom to doctor appointments and the grocery store and her kids to sports activities and social functions. Consequently, she is experiencing insomnia, chronic fatigue, and a number of other health issues. Which of the following most aptly explains Judith's situation?
A) Judith is a member of the boomerang generation.
B) Judith has failed to set proper boundaries for herself.
C) Judith is a member of the sandwich generation.
D) Judith is experiencing a midlife crisis.
Q3) Which of the following groups was given the right to vote in 1960?
A) visible minority women
B) registered, reserve Indians
C) Inuit men and women
D) landed immigrants
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Chapter 8: Race and Ethnic Relations
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Sample Questions
Q1) Delun Qian has resided in Canada for the past four years, while attending university to earn his medical degree. Rather than return to China, he's applied with Citizenship and Immigration Canada for permanent residency status. What category would he most likely fall into?
A) self-employed immigrants
B) Canadian experience class
C) provincial nominee program
D) skilled workers group
Q2) Which of the following conclusions was presented in the text in regards to the concept of race?
A) Race is a hollow biological concept.
B) Race is a category that will erode over time.
C) Race is a sound scientific concept.
D) Race separates differing hereditary groups.
Q3) Describe and explain the difference between objective and subjective definitions of ethnicity.
Q4) Prejudice is an attitude and discrimination is an action, and both are the building blocks of racism. Explain and discuss this statement, utilizing examples in your answer.
Q5) Define institutional racism and list the three forms that it can take.
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Chapter 9: Development and Underdevelopment
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Q1) Which of the following would be an example of the costs associated with neoliberal expansion in the developing world?
A) rising costs for housing
B) massive environmental destruction
C) rising consumer expectations by the population
D) costs associated with infrastructure development
Q2) List the early historical factors that drastically impeded the global south's ability to develop in the modern era.
Q3) Which of the following economists could be identified as a person opposed to Keynesian economic ideals?
A) Ben Bernanke
B) Jared Diamond
C) Karl Marx
D) Milton Friedman
Q4) A big winner in the global neoliberal economy is Mexican Carlos Slim Helu, who, in 2007, was declared to be richer than Bill Gates.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Outline the basic tenets of a neoliberal approach to development.
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Chapter 10: Families
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Q1) When Jeremy and Joanna studied together, they liked to structure it like a Jeopardy game. Jeremy gave the answer "the number of live births per 1000 women of childbearing age." What would Joanna answer as the correct question?
A) What is the birth rate?
B) What is the fecundity rate?
C) What is the fertility rate?
D) What is the reproduction rate?
Q2) What explains the increasing number of single-person households in Canada?
Q3) What similarity existed between families of preindustrial and industrial times?
A) All family members worked outside the home.
B) Children lived at home until marriage in order to contribute.
C) Apprenticeships taught skills and provided lodging.
D) Economic circumstances defined family relationships.
Q4) Which of the following people examine the power dynamics and conflicts common within families?
A) Marxist theorists
B) symbolic interactionists
C) feminist analysts
D) family-value politicians
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Chapter 11: Work and Occupations
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Q1) Sam was a craftsman living in preindustrialized Europe. He had a weaving company where he spun the wool, wove the fabric, and took it to market. As industrialization was introduced, a factory was set up nearby where one person spun, another wove, and another went to market. What was the name given to these people doing only one job?
A) task experts
B) single craft workers
C) divided labour
D) semiskilled labour
Q2) Jacques, a recent university graduate, starts work as a civil engineer with the city of Calgary. He is gratified by the design challenges in making the city work, and the freedom he has implementing his ideas. Which term best identifies the aspects of work that are most pleasing to Jacques?
A) intrinsic rewards
B) extrinsic rewards
C) professional recognition
D) job autonomy
Q3) According to Marx, what are the four dimensions of alienation for workers under capitalism?
Q4) Discuss the pros and cons of McDonaldization.
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Chapter 12: Education
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain how low-achieving students respond to their institutional environment.
Q2) During World War II, the U.S. Army trained people to be pharmacists in two weeks, whereas today it takes a university degree to qualify for work in this occupation. What term best identifies a trend for higher educational requirements in occupations?
A) paraprofessionalism
B) credential inflation
C) occupational gate-keeping
D) creeping credentialism
Q3) Educational systems that are based on sponsored mobility allow for a greater number of youth to access higher educational opportunities.
A)True
B)False
Q4) According to the text, what are the progressive attitudes associated with education?
A) getting students directly involved in grassroots social activism
B) support of civil liberties, appreciation of ethnic diversity, and social justice
C) increased respect for religious morality, particularly in Christianity
D) emphasizing math and science to promote our global competitiveness
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Chapter 13: Religion
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Q1) Over time, what has religion shown that it can do locally, nationally, and globally?
A) It can cause wars and disharmony, and tear people apart, removing the potential for peaceful resolutions.
B) It can contribute to the advancement of knowledge, but at the expense of peace.
C) It can bring people together and tear them apart.
D) It offers a path to peace, always bringing people together.
Q2) Wendy had watched a documentary that discussed the religious traditions of, and the many gods worshiped by, the citizens of the Aztec cities of Tenochtitlan and Tlatelolco. She asserted to a friend "No wonder their civilization failed; everyone knows there's only one true god." How would Wendy's religious belief be classified?
A) ethnocentric
B) monotheist
C) supernaturalist
D) polytheist
Q3) How has religion both served as a progressive force that has challenged North American culture, and a repressive force at certain points in recent history?
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Chapter 14: Deviance and Crime
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Q1) A young man likes to party; he is a thrill seeker who can't foresee the consequences of his behaviour. One night he goes on a drinking binge and wrecks his car. Which theoretical perspective would have predicted this behaviour?
A) general strain theory
B) general theory of crime
C) routine activities theory
D) differential association theory
Q2) Lillian worked as an accountant for a business with annual profits of $1 million. However, her boss paid her a low-level salary that did not meet her family's expenses. Lillian soon realized that she could embezzle money easily and began skimming about $100,000 per year. Through which of the following theories can the reason behind her deviant behaviour be best understood?
A) control theory
B) routine activity theory
C) strain theory
D) monetary theory
Q3) Describe a circumstance where a person might be forced to innovate and commit a crime.
Q4) List the basic principles of routine activities theory.
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Chapter 15: Population and Urbanization
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Q1) In recent years, what area of the world has seen cities with populations between 100,000 and 500,000 experience remarkable growth?
A) Australia
B) the European Union
C) the developing world
D) North America
Q2) Gentrification is a "stay in the city" rather than a "back to the city" movement.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The demographic transition addresses changing fertility and mortality rates over time. What trend does this transition track?
A) an alarming increase in death rates in developing countries
B) dramatically increasing fertility rates in the underdeveloped world
C) increasing birth and death rates in overurbanized cities worldwide
D) a trend from high to low birth and death rates in wealthier nations
Q4) Why is Don Mills important in the study of suburbs?
Q5) Apply the basic principles of Chicago School theories of urbanization to the development of a Canadian city.
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Chapter 16: Sociology and the Environment
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Q1) Define sustainable development and explain its significance.
Q2) The tipping point is the critical point in an evolving situation that leads to a new and irreversible development.
A)True
B)False
Q3) When growing up, Randy was always being told to turn off the lights when he left the room and he copied this practice with his own children. Then Randy and Sharon and their kids moved into their custom designed home, replete with recessed energy-efficient LED lighting throughout. After a few months, turning off the lights in unoccupied rooms was no longer a family practice. Which of the following concepts would best explain this change of attitude and behaviour?
A) future discounting
B) Jevon's paradox
C) competing claims
D) economic contingency
Q4) The idea of sustainable development suggests that it is possible to have continued economic growth without damaging the environment.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 17: Health and Aging
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Q1) In terms of immigration and health, which of the following is a policy of the Canadian government?
A) Potential immigrants must meet a minimum standard of health before they will be admitted.
B) Immigrants who are ill will be admitted only if they can pay for their own treatment upon arrival in Canada.
C) Immigrants must have a family medical history of no health issues.
D) Only immigrants who have health problems that cannot be treated in their home country will be admitted.
Q2) When determinants of health pertaining to individual behaviour (such as lifestyle) are identified as causes of negative health consequences, who or what gets blamed?
A) the person
B) the environment
C) the fast-food corporations
D) the health system
Q3) What is the difference between privatization and profitization? How would Canadian citizens be impacted if Canada was to adopt a for-profit health-care system?
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Chapter 18: Politics and Social Movements
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Q1) The provincial teachers' contract was expiring in two months time and at union meetings it was proposed that all members be ready to strike if the government did not agree with their new contract demands. A number of teachers argued that this was not the time for excessive demands, given the likelihood of their demands being rejected. Which of the following would explain this assertion?
A) Numerous media articles bashing the education process and the teaching profession.
B) Economic indicators reporting another decline in economic growth.
C) Job creation rates exceeding those of the previous year.
D) School boards reporting an increase in student enrolments.
Q2) What is the collective term for the set of institutions that formulate and carry out a country's laws, policies, and binding regulations?
A) the state
B) the political process
C) the government
D) civil society
Q3) Do you believe that Canada will be a more democratic society 25 years from now? Discuss your position, incorporating concepts and theories addressed in this chapter.
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Chapter 19: Globalization
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Q1) Which of the following is associated with industrial methods of food production?
A) lower water tables
B) soil enhancement
C) reforestation
D) friendly agriculture
Q2) What term is applied to a country such as Western Sahara, in Africa, a nation characterized by poverty, illiteracy, short life spans, and a weak economy?
A) a global glut
B) the poor zones
C) the Fourth World
D) the global south
Q3) Students across North America are protesting against Coca-Cola because of accusations that the company has stood by and not taken action against anti-union activity in Columbia. Which aspect of globalization is this kind of protest a part of?
A) a global syndicate movement
B) a global rights movement
C) a demand for global governance
D) a demand for corporate accountability
Q4) What is the basis of neoliberal economic policies?
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Chapter 20: Research Methods
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Questions
Q1) What is an experiment, and why are they so very rarely conducted by sociologists?
Q2) When a researcher wants to measure the effect of one variable upon another, what is the term for the effect being measured?
A) causal variable
B) effect variable
C) independent variable
D) dependent variable
Q3) What is external validity?
A) It is the accuracy of external measures.
B) It is validity established outside the experimental design.
C) It is the generalizability of research findings.
D) It is research assessments made by peer reviewers.
Q4) When are measurements in research considered reliable?
A) when they are correlated
B) when they are consistent or repeatable
C) when they measure what they were supposed to measure
D) when they are accurate and relevant
Q5) What is a self-administered questionnaire and when would a researcher opt to use one?
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Chapter 21: Networks, Groups, Bureaucracies, and Societies
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Q1) If you live in a small village next to a large cornfield and your job is to fashion hand tools, what kind of society do you live in?
A) farming
B) foraging
C) pastoral
D) horticultural
Q2) What mode of production characterizes post industrial societies?
A) biotech engineering
B) providing services
C) robotic factories
D) information technology
Q3) Conformity ensures group cohesion.
A)True
B)False
Q4) How do triads differ from dyads?
A) Triads divide responsibilities more equally.
B) In triads, the potential for conflict increases.
C) In triads, relations are more intimate.
D) Triads share resources more equally.
Q5) Explain the notion of six degrees of separation.
Page 23
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