Sociology of Everyday Life Midterm Exam
Course Introduction
Sociology of Everyday Life explores the ways in which ordinary daily experiences are influenced and structured by broader social forces. This course examines key sociological concepts such as social interaction, norms, roles, identity, and meaning-making as they operate in routine environments like households, workplaces, streets, and online spaces. By analyzing everyday actions ranging from conversations and rituals to consumption and leisure students learn how larger patterns of culture, power, class, and inequality are produced and maintained. The course encourages critical reflection on the taken-for-granted aspects of social life, equipping students to better understand both their own behaviors and the society they inhabit.
Recommended Textbook
Essentials of Sociology 6th Edition by Richard P. Appelbaum
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Sociology: Theory and Method
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Q1) Marissa rejects the idea that we can make historical claims about society progressively developing. Her idea most mirrors which theoretical perspective?
A) functionalism
B) postmodernism
C) symbolic interactionism
D) feminist theory
Answer: B
Q2) Women began entering the workforce in larger numbers in the United States until it eventually became normal, altering women's structural place in society. This is an example of:
A) structuration.
B) social stasis.
C) wages for housework.
D) the glass ceiling.
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Culture and Society
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Q1) Sweta studies how Britain came to control large parts of India before the Indian independence movement. It could be said that she is studying:
A) liberation theology.
B) nationalization.
C) primitivism.
D) colonialism.
Answer: D
Q2) Danny is examining U.S. culture for the possibility that different immigrant communities in the United States maintain more or less separate cultures but might still manage to participate equally in economic and political life. His study focuses on which concept?
A) multiculturalism
B) assimilation
C) cultural resistance
D) nationalism
Answer: A
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4
Chapter 3: Socialization, the Life Course, and Aging
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Q1) For most individuals in modern society, ________ is/are the agent(s) of socialization that is/are most responsible for their early childhood development.
A) their preschool
B) their friends at school
C) the television
D) the family
Answer: D
Q2) A social worker discovers a thirteen-year-old girl living in complete isolation. Psychologists find that she is generally incapable of using language. After some months, she slowly learns how to dress herself, but her communication skills remain poor compared with others in her age group. The girl's experiences show that humans cannot be socialized without:
A) regular social interaction with others.
B) proper medical treatment.
C) peers to emulate and learn from.
D) access to schooling and formal education.
Answer: A
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Social Interaction and Everyday Life in the Age
of the Internet
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sociologists Deirdre Boden and Harvey Molotch argue that even with the growth of electronic communication, such as text messaging and e-mail, people have a strong need to interact in each other's presence. They call this concept:
A) focused interaction.
B) compulsion of proximity.
C) impression management.
D) social status.
Q2) Wearing a new dress on a first date is an example of:
A) gender nonspecific norms.
B) social position.
C) impression management.
D) social exclusion.
Q3) Civil inattention is defined as:
A) acknowledging the presence of others but avoiding interaction.
B) totally ignoring the presence of others.
C) acting rude and inappropriate.
D) pretending you do not know someone whom you have met before.
Q4) What is impression management? Give an example of how a college student engages in impression management when interacting with professors.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Groups, Networks, and Organizations
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Q1) One need not belong to a group in order for it to be a reference group. Why?
A) People with weak ties are more likely to rely on reference groups.
B) Reference groups must consist of at least ten people.
C) Modern life is full of alienation and anonymity.
D) People often identify with groups even if they don't belong to them.
Q2) How can Stanley Milgram's experiment help us better understand modern atrocities such as the Holocaust?
A) Bureaucracy makes it difficult for people to dissent.
B) Transformative leaders encourage atrocities to occur.
C) People who commit atrocious acts view themselves as "just following orders."
D) Everyday people are regularly subject to groupthink.
Q3) The experiments by Solomon Asch and Stanley Milgram illustrate that:
A) conformity and authority have little influence on people when they are under pressure.
B) people get nervous around authority figures and large groups.
C) conformity and authority are powerful factors affecting people's actions.
D) it is easy to persuade people to inflict pain on others.
Q4) Please answer the following questions in three to five sentences. According to Irving Janis, what is groupthink? Why can groupthink lead to bad decisions by otherwise smart and strong-willed individuals?
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Conformity, Deviance, and Crime
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Q1) Two groups of boys, one working class and the other middle class, engage in equal amounts of delinquent activity. The members of one group are considered "boys being boys," and the members of the other are considered "troublemakers." Which of the following theories best explains this difference?
A) strain theory
B) differential association theory
C) control theory
D) labeling theory
Q2) Compare the Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) with victimization surveys, such as the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS). Which method gives a better indication of the level of crime in the United States? Please explain in three to five sentences.
Q3) How is it possible that a person can be both a conformist and a deviant? Please explain your answer in two to three sentences.
Q4) Which of the following countries has the highest incarceration rate?
A) China
B) Japan
C) France
D) United States
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Chapter 7: Stratification, Class, and Inequality
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Q1) Dr. Smith is an open-heart surgeon who was trained at a top-tier medical school. Which of the following theorists would be most likely to argue that Dr. Smith achieved the position solely based on her own talent and efforts?
A) Kingsley Davis and Wilbert E. Moore
B) Max Weber
C) Karl Marx
D) Charles Murray
Q2) Intergenerational mobility is best described as when:
A) a person achieves a different class position than the one he or she thought they would have.
B) a person maintains the same class position as his or her parents or grandparents. C) a person has a different class position from that of his or her parents or grandparents. D) a person achieves a different class position from his or her siblings.
Q3) Do you think you will experience intragenerational mobility in your lifetime? In two to four sentences, consider why or why not. Be sure to mention at least one sociological explanation of mobility in your answer.
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Chapter 8: Global Inequality
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Q1) Keynesian economists begin with the assumption that the state should regulate economic policy for everyone's benefit. Why might sociologists who use market-oriented theories be critical of this idea?
A) They believe that markets without state interference lead to the best economic outcomes.
B) Market-oriented theorists think that the state should control all markets.
C) They think that higher taxation rates for the poor are the best way to curb welfare provisions.
D) They believe that markets should be abolished in favor of a planned economy.
Q2) In a short paragraph, explain how the World Bank measures global inequality. What are some of the problems with measuring global inequality in this way?
Q3) In two to three sentences, describe how market-oriented theories explain global inequality.
Q4) What is the role of technology in deepening existing global inequalities? Please explain in three to five sentences.
Q5) In two to three sentences, describe how state-centered theories explain global inequality?
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Gender Inequality
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Q1) Which of the following statements best describes the daily lives of !Kung of the Kalahari Desert?
A) !Kung men engage in child care.
B) !Kung women are aggressive.
C) !Kung women hunt.
D) !Kung men provide the majority of the food.
Q2) Which of the following is an accurate statement about rape?
A) Most rapes are committed by strangers the victim does not know.
B) Most rapes are committed by men against women.
C) Most rapes are reported, documented, and handled by the justice system.
D) The total number of sexual assaults, attempted rapes, and rapes has increased steadily over the past two decades.
Q3) In two to four sentences, explain what criticisms black feminists make about the feminist movement.
Q4) In a short paragraph discuss Talcott Parsons's view of the family. Do you agree with his analysis? Why or why not? Please explain.
Q5) Compare and contrast liberal feminism with radical feminism. Which perspective do you believe best explains gender inequality today? Please explain your answer in a short paragraph.
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Chapter 10: Ethnicity and Race
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Q1) Blaming immigrants for high unemployment rates is an example of:
A) scapegoating.
B) racializing.
C) institutional racism.
D) discrimination.
Q2) Which Hispanic group is the largest in the United States?
A) Mexican Americans
B) Puerto Rican Americans
C) Cuban Americans
D) El Salvadoran Americans
Q3) Although Scott, an African American, was more qualified than Bernardo, a Hispanic American, Bernardo was hired instead of Scott because the owner believed that Hispanic Americans are better workers than African Americans. Denying Scott the job is an example of:
A) prejudice.
B) discrimination.
C) projection.
D) institutional racism.
Q4) In a couple of sentences, explain the main difference between prejudice and discrimination. Does prejudice always precede discrimination?
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Families and Intimate Relationships
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Q1) A form of marriage in which each married partner is allowed only one spouse at any given time is called:
A) monogamy.
B) polygamy.
C) polygyny.
D) polyandry.
Q2) In the 2012 summer issue of Atlantic magazine, Anne-Marie Slaughter, who was the first female director of policy planning at the State Department, wrote an article titled "Why Women Still Can't Have It All." In the article, she argues that women today still struggle to balance a family and their career. In a couple of sentences, please explain how a feminist perspective on the family may help shed light on this issue.
Q3) A socially and legally acknowledged and approved sexual union between two adult individuals is called:
A) cohabitation.
B) a marriage.
C) kinship.
D) a family.
Q4) In a short paragraph, explain the feminist critique of the "conventional" family.
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Education and Religion
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Q1) Cantong notes in his research that religion often serves as a progressive force for social change. His views most closely resemble those of:
A) Émile Durkheim.
B) Wade Clark Roof.
C) Karl Marx.
D) Max Weber.
Q2) According to the textbook, what are some of the reasons Americans are so religiously affiliated? Please explain your answer in a short paragraph.
Q3) Martita thinks that public schools in poorer areas of the United States suffer from a lack of resources compared with those in wealthy areas. She believes that this has a major impact on learning and educational achievement. Her views most closely mirror which of the following studies?
A) sociological studies of tracking and "within school effects"
B) Jonathan Kozol's Savage Inequalities
C) James Coleman's studies on "between school effects"
D) Randall Collins's studies of credentialism
Q4) What is religious nationalism? Please explain your answer in a short paragraph.
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Chapter 13: Politics and Economic Life
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Q1) Countries in which voters can choose between two or more political parties and the majority of the adult population has the right to vote are usually called:
A) absolute monarchies.
B) participatory democracies.
C) liberal democracies.
D) communist democracies.
Q2) Miles has been working on an assembly line in a U.S. car-manufacturing factory for the past thirty years. Which of the following trends is he most likely to have witnessed?
A) An increasing number of the parts assembled at the plant are made in the United States.
B) The factory has increased its production in the plant, which has required management to hire more blue-collar workers.
C) Many of the activities that were formerly carried out in the plant have been outsourced to other countries.
D) The new workers who are hired in the plant are more skilled than he was when he began.
Q3) What are the main features of capitalism? Answer in two to four sentences.
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Chapter 14: The Sociology of the Body: Health, Illness, and Sexuality
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Q1) Juliana is an American sociologist whose research centers on why some people are homosexual and others are not. According to the textbook, why do investigators like Juliana devote such considerable time to research focused on this question?
A) Heterosexuality is considered the norm for most people in U.S. culture.
B) Increasing numbers of people are becoming homosexual.
C) It has only recently been learned that people are born homosexual.
D) Various religious organizations funded such research to try to counter trends that they viewed as wrong.
Q2) Alfred Kinsey's research, which began in the United States in the 1940s and 1950s, was surprising because it revealed:
A) the extent to which assumptions about the sexual activities of men and women had come to resemble each other.
B) a tremendous discrepancy between prevailing public expectations of sexual behavior and actual sexual conduct.
C) the homogeneity of sexual experience in the United States.
D) a strong correlation between income and sexual attitudes.
Q3) In a short paragraph, describe changes in sexual practices over the past two centuries.
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Chapter 15: Urbanization, Population, and the Environment
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Q1) In your opinion, which strand of urban studies developed by the Chicago School-urban ecology or urbanism-is more convincing to you, and why? Explain your answer in three to five sentences.
Q2) Demographers study population patterns. If a demographer were going to study the population changes in a country such as China, which of the following would he or she examine?
A) political party affiliation
B) deaths
C) job growth
D) pollution
Q3) Reducing population growth around the world faces which of the following challenges?
A) Few people still see a large family as desirable.
B) Some religions still forbid the use of contraception.
C) Contraception is widely available around the world.
D) Some populations are genetically predisposed to higher birth rates.
Q4) In a short paragraph, assess the ways in which globalization has affected the process of urbanization in societies.
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Chapter 16: Globalization in a Changing World
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Q1) Consider Smelser's Structural Strain framework for understanding the origins of collective action. Describe and contrast structural strain and generalized beliefs and ideologies, explaining how each factor might contribute to the likelihood of collective action.
Q2) Which perspective in the globalization debate argues that regionalization within the world economy produces less integration and that national governments continue to play a vital role in the economy?
A) the skeptics
B) the hyperglobalizers
C) the transformationalists
D) the critics
Q3) The most far-reaching economic influence on social change has been:
A) the technology of the agrarian revolution.
B) the invention of the wheel.
C) industrial capitalism.
D) the invention of money.
Q4) According to Charles Tilly's model, what are the four main components of collective action? Provide detailed examples of each component to fully illustrate your understanding of Tilly's model.
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