Sociology of Everyday Life Exam Preparation Guide
Course Introduction
Sociology of Everyday Life explores the intricate ways in which social structures, cultural norms, and interpersonal interactions shape our daily experiences. Through the examination of routines, rituals, and ordinary encounters, this course delves into topics such as identity construction, social roles, communication patterns, and the influence of institutions on individual behavior. Utilizing foundational theories and contemporary research, students will analyze how seemingly mundane aspects of life such as shopping, commuting, and online interactions reflect and reinforce larger societal dynamics. The course encourages critical reflection on the relationship between personal actions and broader social forces, offering tools to better understand the social worlds we inhabit.
Recommended Textbook
Sociology in Our Times The Essentials 8th Edition by Diana Kendall
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16 Chapters
2386 Verified Questions
2386 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective and Research Process
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146 Verified Questions
146 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to German economist and philosopher Karl Marx, __________ is a feeling of powerlessness and estrangement from other people and from oneself.
A)class conflict
B)alienation
C)anomie
D)the bourgeoisie syndrome
Answer: B
Q2) In relation to the study of homelessness in American society, __________ would focus on homeless people's communications (both verbal and non-verbal) and analyze what homeless people do when they are in shelters and on the streets
A)functionalists
B)conflict theorists
C)symbolic interactionists
D)postmodern theorists
Answer: C
Q3) With the increasing diversity of the population, what personal troubles and public issues do you think are most important for the U.S. society to think about?
Answer: Not Answer
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Chapter 2: Culture
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Sample Questions
Q1) __________ are values that conflict with one another or are mutually exclusive (achieving one makes it difficult, if not impossible, to achieve another).
A)Material contradictions
B)Morality contradictions
C)Value contradictions
D)Nonmaterial contradictions
Answer: C
Q2) Norms considered to be less important are referred to as __________, which are unwritten standards of behavior understood by people who share a common identity.
A)informal mores
B)folkways
C)informal norms
D)negative sanctions
Answer: C
Q3) Summarize how societies continually experience cultural change at both material and nonmaterial levels.
Answer: Not Answer
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Socialization
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Sample Questions
Q1) The __________ perspective is illustrated in the following example: children in low-income families may be unintentionally socialized to believe that acquiring an education and aspiring to lofty ambitions are pointless because of existing economic conditions in the family.
A)symbolic interactionist
B)conflict
C)postmodern
D)functionalist
Answer: B
Q2) The __________ approach emphasizes that socialization is a collective process in which children are active and creative agents, not just passive recipients of the socialization process. From this view, childhood is a socially constructed category.
A)postmodernist
B)functionalist
C)symbolic interactionist
D)conflict
Answer: C
Q3) Summarize Jean Piaget's views on cognitive development.
Answer: Not Answer
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Social Structure and Interaction in Everyday Life
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141 Verified Questions
141 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Statuses are distinguished by the manner in which we acquire them. A(n) __________ status is a social position conferred at birth or received involuntarily later in life, based on attributes over which the individual has little or no control, such as race/ethnicity, age, and gender.
A)achieved
B)central
C)ascribed
D)universal
Q2) Jane defines herself first and foremost as a student. For Jane, being a student is considered her ____ status.
A)ascribed
B)valued
C)conspicuous
D)master
Q3) Define nonverbal communication and explain how this concept relates to our interactions with others.
Q4) Discuss the significance of status as a component of social structure.
Q5) Discuss the functional and conflict views on social institutions.
Q6) Describe ethnomethodology and note its strengths.
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Chapter 5: Groups and Organizations
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Sample Questions
Q1) From a functionalist perspective, instrumental leadership provides emotional support for members; this type of leadership is most appropriate when the group is dealing with emotional issues, and harmony, solidarity, and high morale are needed.
A)True
B)False
Q2) George is the leader of a task force which is trying to determine whether there should be a change in student housing policies. He has held three group discussions and outlined the steps he feels are necessary to reach the goal of the task force. He allows the group to work at their own pace. After receiving recommendations from the task force members, he offered alternatives he felt should be made. George's style of leadership would be best described as __________.
A)laissez-faire
B)democratic
C)authoritarian
D)cooperative
Q3) Describe the research of Stanley Milgram and explain its contributions to our understanding of obedience to authority.
Q4) In relation to group conformity, summarize Solomon Asch's research.
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Deviance and Crime
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sociologists __________ suggested that, for deviance to occur, people must have access to illegitimate opportunity structures-circumstances that provide an opportunity for people to acquire through illegitimate activities what they cannot achieve through legitimate channels.
A)Talcott Parsons and Robert Bales
B)Richard Cloward and Lloyd Ohlin
C)Carl Taylor and Anne Campbell
D)Herbert Spencer and Auguste Comte
Q2) In relation to the symbolic interactionist perspectives on deviance, compare sociologist Edwin Sutherland's differential association theory and criminologist Ronald Akers' differential reinforcement theory.
Q3) __________ involves the use of negative sanctions that proscribe certain behaviors and set forth the punishments for rule breakers and nonconformists.
A)Interior social control
B)External social control
C)Internal social control
D)Exterior social control
Q4) Discuss the functions of deviance according to sociologist Emile Durkheim.
Q5) Explain the nature of deviance and describe its most common forms.
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Chapter 7: Class and Stratification in the United States
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Sample Questions
Q1) The American Dream is the belief that if people work hard and play by the rules, they will have a chance to get ahead. Moreover, each generation will be able to have a higher standard of living than that of its parents.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Of all age groups, persons aged __________ are the most likely to be uninsured.
A)under 18
B)18 to 24
C)35 to 44
D)65 and over
Q3) According to sociologist Erik Wright's Marxian model, the __________ class consists of business owners and craftspeople that may hire a small number of employees but largely do their own work.
A)capitalist
B)working
C)managerial
D)small-business
Q4) Describe what is meant by the American Dream.
Q5) Outline the three major systems of stratification.
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Chapter 8: Global Stratification
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Sample Questions
Q1) The World Bank calculates that __________ of the population in low- and middle-income countries lack the essentials of well-being.
A)25%
B)37%
C)52%
D)60%
Q2) According to the __________, poorer nations are trapped in a cycle of structural reliance on the richer nations due to their need for infusions of foreign capital and external markets for their raw materials, making it impossible for the poorer nations to pursue their own economic and human development.
A)modernization theory
B)world systems theory
C)dependency theory
D)new international division of labor theory
Q3) Discuss personal perspective on global poverty and human development issues.
Q4) Detail global inequality in relation to development and modernization theory.
Q5) In relation to measuring global wealth and poverty, distinguish among absolute, relative, and subjective poverty.
Q6) Explain global inequality in relation to the dependency theory.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Race and Ethnicity
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Q1) Define prejudice, stereotypes, and racism.
Q2) Overt discrimination in sports occurs when whites are described as having the intelligence, dependability, and leadership and decision-making skills needed in positions requiring higher levels of responsibility and control.
A)True
B)False
Q3) __________ assimilation occurs when members of an ethnic group adopt dominant group traits, such as language, dress, values, religion, and food preferences.
A)Cultural (acculturation)
B)Structural (integration)
C)Biological (amalgamation)
D)Psychological
Q4) Categories of people referred to as a(n) __________ include Native Americans, Latinos, African Americans, and Asian Americans.
A)tribal group
B)ethnic group
C)race
D)culture
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Chapter 10: Sex, Gender, and Sexuality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Homophobia can be defined as extreme prejudice directed at gays, lesbians, and others who are seen as not being heterosexual.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Regarding gender socialization by parents, which of the following statements is not true?
A)Children's toys reflect their parent's gender expectation.
B)When girl babies cry, parents respond to them more quickly.
C)Parents are more prone to talk and sing to male infants.
D)Girl babies receive more gentle treatment.
Q3) During adolescence, adults are often stronger and more effective agents of socialization than peers. Adults are thought to be especially important in boys' development of gender identity.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Discuss the biological dimension of sex.
Q5) Discuss the issue of gender inequality as it relates to work and pay.
Q6) Define sex and differentiate between primary sex characteristics and secondary sex characteristics for both males and females.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Families and Intimate Relationships
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Sample Questions
Q1) Few societies have residential patterns known as __________ residence, which refers to the custom of a married couple living in the same household (or community) as the wife's parents.
A)neolocal
B)matrilocal
C)patrilocal
D)multilocal
Q2) Describe love and intimacy, and compare cohabitation and domestic partnerships.
Q3) Which statement below is false?
A)The marriage rate has gone down since 1960.
B)The number of children living in extreme poverty increased in the 1990s.
C)Adult children of divorced parents are more likely to end their own marriages.
D)Couples who already have children at the beginning of their marriage are more likely to divorce than those who do not have children.
Q4) The increase in births among unmarried teenagers may have negative long-term consequences for mothers and their children, who have severely limited educational and employment opportunities and a high likelihood of living in poverty.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Education and Religion
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Sample Questions
Q1) From a functionalist perspective, religion has three important functions in any society: providing meaning and purpose to life, promoting social cohesion and a sense of belonging, and providing social control and support for the government.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Educational credentials are extremely important in societies that emphasize credentialism, which is a process of social selection in which class advantage and social status are linked to the possession of academic qualifications.
A)True
B)False
Q3) According to French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu, students from diverse class backgrounds come to school with different amounts of __________, which refers to social assets that include values, beliefs, attitudes, and competencies in language and culture.
A)cultural capital
B)proper social grace
C)accumulated social wisdom
D)cultural baggage
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Chapter 13: Politics and the Economy in Global Perspective
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Sample Questions
Q1) State the major elements of the functionalist perspective: the pluralist model of power and political systems.
Q2) Contributions made outside the limits set forth by federal election laws are called
A)participatory contributions.
B)non-regulated contributions.
C)soft money
D)non-partisan money
Q3) According to the __________ model, power in political systems is widely dispersed throughout many competing interest groups.
A)pluralist
B)elite
C)distributive
D)ruling class
Q4) Identify the occupational categories considered to be marginal jobs and explain why they are considered to be marginal.
Q5) Briefly explain C. Wright Mills' views about the media as a "watchdog for the public."
Q6) Politics, Power, and Authority
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Health, Health Care, and Disability
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Sample Questions
Q1) The infant mortality rate in some low-income nations is staggering. In fact, almost __________ percent of all children born in low-income nations die before they reach their first birthday.
A)7
B)14
C)21
D)28
Q2) __________ is the term for an institutional system concerned with the scientific diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of illness.
A)Health care
B)Medicine
C)Scientific medicine
D)Holistic medicine
Q3) A child born in the United States in 2000 had a life expectancy of __________.
A)72.5 years
B)75.3 years
C)77.1 years
D)79.8 years
Q4) Explain how the functionalist perspective views the sick role.
Q5) Summarize paying for medical care in the United States.
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Chapter 15: Population and Urbanization
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Sample Questions
Q1) __________ is a subfield of sociology that examines social relationships and political and economic structures in the city.
A)Metropolitan sociology
B)Civic sociology
C)Urban sociology
D)Municipal sociology
Q2) In __________ mortality rates have declined dramatically as diseases such as malaria, polio, typhoid, and measles have been virtually eliminated by vaccinations, improved sanitation, and personal hygiene.
A)low-income, less-developed nations
B)high-income, less-developed nations
C)low-income, developed nations
D)high-income, developed nations
Q3) __________ is the study of the relationship between people and their physical environment.
A)Demography
B)Urban sociology
C)Human ecology
D)Physical sociology
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Page 17
Chapter 16: Collective Behavior, Social Movements, and Social Change
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a study of public opinion on environmental issues, sociologist Riley Dunlap found that public awareness of the seriousness of environmental problems and support for environmental protection __________.
A)decreased precipitously during the 1980s
B)increased dramatically between the late 1960s and the 1990s
C)has remained unchanged for the past three decades
D)is extremely difficult to measure accurately
Q2) A(n) __________ is a relatively large number of people who are in one another's immediate vicinity.
A)mass
B)aggregate
C)category
D)crowd
Q3) According to the text, social movements __________.
A)are more likely to develop in industrialized societies than in preindustrial ones
B)make democracy less available to some excluded groups
C)usually relies on paid employees to carry out the work
D)never resists change
Q4) Define and summarize the conditions of the value-added theory.
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