Sociology of Drugs and Alcohol Exam Solutions
Course Introduction
This course examines the social, cultural, and institutional factors shaping the use and regulation of drugs and alcohol in society. Through critical analysis, students explore the historical evolution of attitudes toward substance use, the social construction of addiction and deviance, patterns of consumption across diverse populations, and the impact of public policy and criminal justice systems. The course also investigates the roles of media, socioeconomic status, and global perspectives in framing contemporary issues related to drugs and alcohol, fostering a comprehensive understanding of their significance within social life.
Recommended Textbook
Drugs Society and Human Behavior 16th Edition by Hart
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18 Chapters
718 Verified Questions
718 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Drug Use: An Overview
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43 Verified Questions
43 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Methamphetamine,crack cocaine,ecstasy,and glue sniffing were given as examples of media reports on
A)the "drug du jour."
B)laissez-faire.
C)drugs that are always bad drugs.
D)drug use by celebrities.
Answer: A
Q2) There are some drugs that we should just define as being bad drugs.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Explain the differences among the definitions of drug misuse,drug abuse,and deviant drug use.
Answer: Misuse: greater amounts or for other purposes than prescribed;abuse: drug use that causes problems for the user;deviant: not common in the larger society,and leads to corrective action by the society.Bonus: appropriate examples of each,and/or showing how these definitions may overlap in specific instances.
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3
Chapter 2: Drug Use As a Social Problem
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39 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) The drugs that are most likely to lead to dependence are the ones that have reduced effects after repeated use.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) dependence are generally also found to have
A)stimulant effects.
B)pain-relieving effects.
C)sedative effects.
D)reinforcing effects in laboratory animals.
Answer: D
Q3) according to the number of mentions in the 2009 DAWN emergency department dataset.
A)Cocaine,heroin,prescription opioids,antidepressants
B)Cocaine,prescription opioids,heroin,antidepressants
C)Alcohol-in-combination,cocaine,heroin,prescription opioids
D)Alcohol-in-combination,prescription opioids,heroin,cocaine
Answer: B
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4
Chapter 3: Drug Policy
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39 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) The single most important legislation that has shaped the federal government's approach to controlled substances was
A)alcohol prohibition (the 18<sup>th</sup> Amendment).
B)the Pure Food and Drugs Act.
C)the Marijuana Tax Act.
D)the Dangerous Drugs Act.
Answer: A
Q2) In the early 1800s,_____________ was the medical doctor's most reliable and effective medicine that was used for a variety of conditions,but mainly for pain relief.
A)alcohol
B)marijuana
C)barbiturates
D)opium
Answer: D
Q3) The Harrison Act of 1914 made it illegal to possess or use heroin or marijuana.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 4: The Nervous System
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34 Verified Questions
34 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Parkinson's disease produces tremors and muscular rigidity because of damage to A)acetylcholine neurons in the parasympathetic branch.
B)dopamine neurons in the nigrostriatal pathway.
C)norepinephrine neurons in the locus ceruleus.
D)the blood-brain barrier.
Q2) Gated ion channels for sodium and potassium open and close in rapid succession,causing the neuron to depolarize and then return to its normal resting level,during each
A)action potential.
B)homeostasis.
C)metabolism.
D)transporter.
Q3) channels,which is the mechanism that leads to A)CNS stimulation.
B)increased heart rate.
C)local anesthetic effects.
D)cocaine dependence.
Q4) In the neuron,neurotransmitters are stored in the myelin sheaths.
A)True
B)False
Page 6
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Chapter 5: The Actions of Drugs
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Sample Questions
Q1) Alcohol has a low tendency,but THC has a high tendency,to A)bind to the serotonin receptor.
B)dissolve in water.
C)bind to blood proteins.
D)produce dependence.
Q2) According to the text,inexperienced drug users should avoid taking a drug via a route that increases the drug's potency.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Describe three mechanisms that might explain why an alcohol-dependent individual might have to take more of the drug to experience the same effects.
Q4) When use of a drug interferes with normal behavior,experienced users may learn to compensate and show less impairment than new users.This is an example of A)drug disposition tolerance.
B)behavioral tolerance.
C)an active metabolite.
D)a prodrug.
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7
Chapter 6: Stimulants
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Sample Questions
Q1) What did the 1914 Harrison Act do?
A)outlawed coca,cocaine,and opium
B)taxed importation and sale of coca,cocaine,and opium
C)taxed possession of marijuana
D)outlawed possession of heroin
Q2) Which famous physician studied cocaine as a treatment for morphine dependence and depression?
A)Benjamin Rush
B)Sigmund Freud
C)Johns Hopkins
D)Parke Davis
Q3) Scientific data indicate that chronic methamphetamine use causes extreme tooth decay.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Crystal meth refers to
A)methamphetamine crystals,which may be smoked.
B)methamphetamine capsules.
C)the "high" experienced after injecting methamphetamine.
D)methamphetamine imported from Colombia.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Depressants and Inhalants
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35 Verified Questions
35 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The modern era of abuse of volatile solvents by young people can be traced to a 1959 newspaper report of
A)gasoline huffing.
B)glue sniffing.
C)lead paint poisoning.
D)nitrite abuse.
Q2) What household product contains nitrous oxide?
A)fuel gas
B)hair spray
C)spray paint
D)whipped cream dispensers
Q3) Two drugs that were introduced as being safer than the barbiturates,but in the long run proved to be not much safer,were
A)fluoxetine and paroxetine.
B)toluene and xylene.
C)meprobamate and methaqualone.
D)perphenazine and thiazine.
Q4) The majority of "huffers" (users of inhalants) are above age 25.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Medication for Mental Disorders
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40 Verified Questions
40 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) version of the American Psychiatric Association's classification system for mental disorders is called the
A)Physician's Desk Reference (PDR).
B)Merck Manual.
C)DSM-V.
D)Treatment Guide.
Q2) One side effect common with the older antipsychotics,but less common with the newer ones,is
A)pseudoparkinsonism.
B)positive symptoms.
C)a lag period.
D)MAO inhibition.
Q3) In the early part of the 20<sup>th</sup> century,a cure was found for a syphilitic infection that caused a psychosis called
A)schizophrenia
B)specific phobia
C)general paresis
D)phenothiazine
Q4) Explain the arguments for and against prescriptive licensing for psychologists.
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Chapter 9: Alcohol
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Sample Questions
Q1) Fairly high doses of alcohol interfere with erection of the penis in males,probably because of
A)direct physiological effects on the penis.
B)lower blood pressure.
C)dopamine release in the pituitary.
D)impaired processing of erotic signals.
Q2) Despite changes in alcohol-related laws and rules,rates of binge drinking and driving after drinking among college students have substantially increased in recent years.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The alcoholic content of beverages is indicated by the term "proof," which is A)twice the percentage of alcohol.
B)the same as the percentage of alcohol.
C)half the percentage of alcohol.
D)ten times the percentage of alcohol.
Q4) Describe general patterns and trends in alcohol consumption in the U.S.About what proportion of adults are current drinkers? How is this affected by such factors as religion,ethnicity,and region of the country? How has per capita alcohol consumption changed in the past 30 years?
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Tobacco
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Sample Questions
Q1) Tobacco use became popular in European culture because:
A)its pleasant taste and aroma were enticing.
B)it was associated with wealth and status.
C)it was easy to produce and obtain.
D)it was associated with Native American culture.
Q2) Recent research on the dependence produced by nicotine has focused on genetic differences related to:
A)opioid receptors.
B)serotonin receptors.
C)norepinephrine neurons.
D)acetylcholine receptors.
Q3) Nicotine acts in the brain to first stimulate and then block several nicotinic subtypes of cholinergic receptor.
A)True
B)False
Q4) in the U.S.contained some tobacco use.Compared to 2005,this represents a decrease in depictions of tobacco use.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: Caffeine
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37 Verified Questions
37 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A 12-oz.Pepsi or Coke contains more caffeine than a Vivarin tablet.
A)True
B)False
Q2) One important determinant of the behavioral effects of caffeine is
A)whether it is consumed in a pill or as coffee.
B)whether the person is a regular user.
C)the temperature of the beverage (hot or cold).
D)the acidity of the coffee.
Q3) Caffeine has been shown to be an effective treatment for A)migraine headaches.
B)anxiety.
C)narcolepsy.
D)panic disorder.
Q4) Caffeine dependence is not in the DSM-V because the evidence indicates that there is no withdrawal syndrome.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The xanthine found in tea that is prescribed for asthma is called robusta.
A)True
B)False
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39 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) is a dietary supplement that has some research support for its possible use in treating
A)impotence.
B)depression.
C)Parkinson's disease.
D)diabetes.
Q2) The main proposed use for St.John's wort has been for treating depression.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Dextromethorphan is an antihistamine used to dry up a runny nose.
A)True
B)False
Q4) OTC stimulants typically include pseudoephedrine.
A)True
B)False
Q5) OTC drugs approved as sleep aids,like Nytol and Sominex,
A)contain PPA or dextromethorphan.
B)all contain bromide salts.
C)contain an antihistamine such as diphenhydramine.
D)include low doses of codeine.
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Chapter 13: Opioids
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36 Verified Questions
36 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The two major active chemicals in opium are
A)morphine and codeine.
B)heroin and cocaine.
C)paregoric and laudanum.
D)meperidine and oxycodone.
Q2) Vicodin and OxyContin are examples of A)NSAIDs.
B)narcotic antagonists.
C)prescription opioids that are being misused at relatively high rates.
D)fake drugs sold over the Internet that are actually placebos.
Q3) Describe how both positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement contribute to the development of addiction on opioid drugs.
Q4) One of the major issues facing physicians today is that patients are not taking enough prescription opioids to manage their pain.
A)True B)False
Q5) The most popular prescription opioids are hydrocodone and oxycodone. A)True B)False
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Chapter 14: Hallucinogens
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Sample Questions
Q1) Give some examples of the use of hallucinogenic plants or drugs in connection with religious practices.
Q2) The anticholinergic plant with a forked root that is mentioned in the Bible is A)aeyote.
B)ayahuasca.
C)mandrake.
D)bufotenin.
Q3) In rare cases,people who have used LSD experience similar symptoms weeks or months later.The common term for this has been A)synesthesia. B)flashbacks.
C)automatism.
D)semantic memory.
Q4) The catechol hallucinogens include mescaline plus a variety of synthetic derivatives of A)amphetamine. B)morphine.
C)cocaine. D)acetylcholine.
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Chapter 15: Marijuana
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Sample Questions
Q1) As of mid-2014,at least _____ states and Washington, A)48
B)6
C)25 20
D)C.have passed ballot initiatives allowing the use of medical marijuana.
Q2) The 1999 report from the Institute of Medicine suggested that marijuana cigarettes should
A)never be made available for medical uses.
B)be available for long-term use for a variety of purposes.
C)only be used to treat glaucoma.
D)be allowed for no more than six months for patients with intractable pain or vomiting.
Q3) Tolerance to the effects of smoked marijuana
A)allows experienced marijuana users to obtain euphoric effects with minimal cognitive impairment.
B)has not been reliably found for any of marijuana's effects.
C)is so powerful that chronic users must smoke more and more to attain less and less euphoria.
D)is very rapid,such that it is almost impossible to get high again within a few days after smoking.
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Page 17
Chapter 16: Performance-Enhancing Drugs
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42 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Some bodybuilders are trying to appear not only big and strong,but also lean.This is sometimes referred to as looking
A)hot and heavy.
B)wired or hacked.
C)cut,ripped,or shredded.
D)smooth or dry.
Q2) Small amounts of the stimulant,caffeine,are allowed in most sports.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In the 1800s,the French cycling team endorsed Mariani's "wine for athletes" that contained A)testosterone.
B)amphetamine.
C)a trace of bull's blood. D)cocaine.
Q4) In the National Football League,use of both amphetamines and steroids by players was banned in 1971.
A)True B)False
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Chapter 17: Preventing Substance Abuse
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Sample Questions
Q1) Teaching parenting skills and doing family interaction exercises are components of effective parent and family prevention programs.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The Social Influence Model was first developed in a prison setting with former heroin users.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Discuss some of the early school-based attempts to prevent substance abuse and why they were abandoned.
Q4) The textbook pointed out that drug prevention and drug ________ might have different goals and use different approaches.
A)education
B)mitigation
C)interdiction
D)demand reduction
Q5) Describe at least three of the components of the Social Influence Model of drug prevention.
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Chapter 18: Treating Substance Use Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) The majority of drug treatment takes place in an outpatient setting.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Besides methadone,another substitute medication has recently been approved for maintaining opioid addicted patients.It is A)antabuse.
B)buprenorphine.
C)zolpidem.
D)olanzepine.
Q3) Is treatment for drug addiction effective?
A)Only if the user wants it to work.
B)Most studies do not show any effectiveness.
C)Statistically,treatment does reduce crime and increase employment.
D)Yes,more than half of those treated remain abstinent for more than a year.
Q4) Give a brief description of the Alcoholics Anonymous approach to "treating" alcohol-addicted people including some of the underlying philosophy.What do we know about the effectiveness of this approach?
Q5) What medications are used in treating people diagnosed with alcohol use disorder,and how does each of these work?
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