Sociology of Deviance Study Guide Questions
Course Introduction
Sociology of Deviance explores the social processes, structures, and cultural factors that define, create, and respond to deviant behavior within societies. The course examines how norms are established and enforced, the sociological theories that explain why individuals and groups engage in behavior considered deviant, and the consequences of labeling and social control. Topics include crime, substance use, mental illness, sexuality, and other forms of nonconformity, analyzing how race, class, gender, and power dynamics influence societal perceptions and responses to deviance. Through case studies and research, students develop a critical understanding of the complexities and implications of deviance in contemporary society.
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Investigating Social Problems 2nd Edition by A. Javier Trevino
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Chapter 1: Sociology and Social Problems
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Q1) Which sociological theory focuses on dissent,coercion,and antagonism in society?
A)structural functionalism
B)conflict theory
C)symbolic interactionism
D)feminist theory
Answer: B
Q2) Income affects social class but wealth does not.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) A ______ can be defined as a total transformation in the structure of society.
A)social problem
B)social institution
C)social structure
D)social revolution
Answer: D
Q4) Anomie is defined as a state of harmony within society.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Page 3
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Chapter 2: Poverty and Class Inequality
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Q1) All of the following theorists have continued to argue that social inequality is necessary and inevitable for the maintenance of any society EXCEPT ______.
A)Lawrence Mead
B)George Gilbert
C)Charles Murray
D)Karl Marx
Answer: D
Q2) According to Max Weber,all of the following would be examples of status EXCEPT ______.
A)race
B)religion
C)gender
D)income
Answer: D
Q3) The social safety net in the United States can be traced back to the Social Security Act of 1935.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 3: Race and Ethnicity
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Q1) Which of the following increases a person's likelihood of being unemployed,having lower income and net worth,and spending time in prison?
A)belonging to a racial minority
B)assimilation
C)symbolic racism
D)internalized racism
Answer: A
Q2) A racial group that is not in the majority but is held up by the majority as a "positive" example of a minority can be defined as a ______.
A)White privilege minority
B)segmented minority
C)middleman minority
D)veil
Answer: C
Q3) Racial inequalities are conditioned not only by gender but also by social class.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 4: Gender
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Q1) The theory of doing gender is most closely associated with which of the following sociological perspectives?
A)structural functionalism
B)symbolic interactionism
C)conflict theory
D)integrative theory
Q2) ______ argues that the best way to understand gender relations is to see women as an oppressed social class.
A)Accountability
B)Sex roles
C)Ethnomethodology
D)Socialist feminism
Q3) Though many women in ______ occupations feel pressure to do masculinity,this pressure is reduced in occupations characterized by an ethic of professionalization.
A)technical
B)manufacturing
C)criminal justice
D)medical
Q4) What does it mean to say that gender is socially constructed?
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Chapter 5: Sexuality
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Q1) Which theory is concerned with how cultural expectations about sexuality and other issues become official sanctions,rules,and laws?
A)symbolic interactionist
B)deviance
C)double standard
D)sex role theory
Q2) Among the juvenile victims of sexual violence,______ of them are girls.
A)82%
B)91%
C)78%
D)98%
Q3) Discuss the theory of erotic habitus in terms of understanding more normative sexual desires.Be sure to provide examples of how this theoretical framework has been applied to different research on sexuality.
Q4) Despite numerous social and medical concerns,college students seem to accept the hookup culture.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Aging
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Q1) ______ is the number of older persons 65+ for every 100 people aged 16-64.
A)Aging
B)Sex ratio
C)Life expectancy
D)Old-age dependency ratio
Q2) What is continuity theory? Describe how the aging process can be affected by levels of continuity.What are some of the consequences of discontinuity?
Q3) What is the difference between the elderly's beliefs about the likelihood they will be the victim of a crime and actual rates of victimization? Discuss at least two factors that can account for differences between perception and reality.
Q4) ______ is the number of people whose incomes fall below the level set by official federal guidelines.
A)Poverty rate
B)Economics
C)Income allowance
D)Social security
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Chapter 7: Education
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Q1) Which of the following is an example of a school-centered factor contributing toward some children doing better than others?
A)sense of self-identity
B)learning disabilities
C)social class
D)ability grouping
Q2) The rise in credential requirements in many occupations today is a result of middle-class professionals' attempts to raise their ______.
A)status
B)salary
C)social class
D)self-image
Q3) The Supreme Court's 1973 decision ______ declared there is no constitutional right under the Fourteenth Amendment to an equal education.
A)Roe v.Wade
B)Brown v.Board of Education
C)Abbott v.Burke
D)Rodriguez v.San Antonio
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Chapter 8: Media
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Q1) Describe the general relationship between crime rates and news coverage of crime.Then name and describe three important factors that contribute to this relationship.
Q2) About ______of elementary school-age and adolescent girls are dissatisfied with their body weight.
A)10%
B)25%
C)54%
D)75%
E)90%
Q3) A media frame is defined as the ______.
A)issue the media focuses on the most in a given period
B)way the news media defines a social problem
C)frequency with which the media focuses on a social problem in a given period of time
D)advocacy and promotional work of publicizing and advancing a specific interpretation of an issue
Q4) With regard to activists intervening and highlighting social issues in the news,discuss the general relationship between media activism and social problems.
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Chapter 9: Family
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Q1) The continuously married are better off financially than those who are cohabitating,divorced and not remarried,or never married.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Under which president was the $300 million Faith-Based and Community Initiative introduced?
A)Bill Clinton
B)Barack Obama
C)John F.Kennedy
D)George W.Bush
Q3) What does research tell us about some of the primary differences between families with married versus unmarried parents? Describe at least three primary differences between these two types of family.Use findings from the Fragile Families Study to support your answer.
Q4) ______ refers to the supply of potential marriageable partners.
A)Pool of eligibles
B)Marriage dearth
C)Marriage squeeze
D)Marriage gradient
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Chapter 10: Work and the Economy
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Q1) ______ may help explain why women generally express the same levels of job satisfaction as male workers.
A)Differences in career/job expectations
B)Similarities in salaries for similar positions
C)Similarities in levels of respect from supervisors
D)Differences in job performance expectations
Q2) A discouraged worker is ______.
A)someone who is unemployed but stops actively looking for a job
B)someone who decreases the amount of time spent looking for a job
C)someone who has been unemployed for less than 6 months
D)someone who works part time but would prefer to work full time
Q3) The tendency of certain jobs to be predominantly filled on the basis of gender or according to race and ethnicity is known as ______.
A)occupational closure
B)workplace prejudice
C)occupational segregation
D)the glass ceiling
Q4) What is occupational segregation? Why is it considered problematic? How does occupational segregation affect women's earnings?
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Chapter 11: Crime
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Q1) What does it mean to say crime is socially defined? Describe two factors that can influence what people define as a crime and give two examples to support your answer.
Q2) Murder would be considered a ______ crime.
A)mala in se
B)mala prohibita
C)mala regulates
D)mala vera
Q3) Embezzlement and shoplifting would be considered ______ crimes by the FBI. A)violent
B)property
C)regulatory
D)egregious
Q4) Murder would be considered a mala in se crime.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Incapacitation involves punishment for the sake of punishment. A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Drugs
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Q1) The ______ is the comprehensive policy first formulated by President Nixon to address the drug problem in the 1970s.
A)Drug Abuse Act
B)Illegal Substance Reform Bill
C)War on Drugs
D)Drug Resistance Program
Q2) ______ are people who live in abandoned buildings while getting high.
A)Squatters
B)Drug users
C)Crack users
D)Indigents
Q3) Since the onset of the AIDS epidemic,injection drug users (IDU)have accounted for almost one of every three HIV infections in the United States.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In the United States,illegal drug use peaks during the ages of 26-34.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Explain social disorganization theory and how it affects the social environment.
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Chapter 13: Health
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Q1) Sociologists would consider all of the following flawed assumptions about health EXCEPT ______.
A)genetics explain illness and disease to the exclusion of social factors
B)the sick experience downward social mobility
C)people adopt lifestyle choices that make them sick
D)social conditions often influence people's choices and the options available to them
Q2) Before the passage of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act,______ million people in the United States did not have any form of health insurance.
A)14
B)24
C)44
D)94
Q3) Drapetomania is included in the most recent edition of the American Psychological Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.
A)True
B)False
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Page 15
Chapter 14: The Environment
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Q1) The absence of environmental costs in the economy feeds what environmental sociologists call the ______.
A)NIMBY approach
B)greenwashing phenomenon
C)natural cultivation occurrence
D)treadmill of production
Q2) In which theory are social experiences and environmental experiences intertwined?
A)socialization and environmental theories
B)risk theory
C)conflict theory
D)ecological theory
E)functional theory
Q3) Frame analysis focuses on the meanings people give to elements in the environment.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Some regions of the earth have gotten colder over the past century.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 15: Science and Technology
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Q1) In the United States,all of the following federal agencies oversee and regulate transgenic crops EXCEPT the ______.
A)Department of Agriculture
B)Environmental Protection Agency
C)Food and Drug Administration
D)National Security Agency
Q2) Corn that has genes artificially inserted to increase disease resistance is an example of a ______.
A)transgenic crop
B)greenwashed food
C)genetic nutrition component
D)technocratic organism
Q3) How might a structural functionalist approach the study of science and social problems? Be sure to discuss cumulative advantage and the accumulation of cultural capital.
Q4) The theft or manipulation of electronic data has become one of the top four economic crimes of the early 21st century.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 16: War and Terrorism
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Q1) Japanese soldiers killed hundreds of thousands of civilians in Nanjing because they believed they were following the order of the highest military officers.This is an example of ______.
A)military-industrial complex
B)military ideology
C)indoctrination
D)authorization
Q2) Compared to the classical understanding of war,globalized intrastate war is ______.
A)less likely to involve mercenaries
B)less likely to use child soldiers
C)less likely to establish connections between in-country actors
D)more likely to target civilians
Q3) Waged wars between states are declining in number.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Explain the concept of globalized intrastate war and discuss four important ways this form of war differs from the traditional or classical understanding of war.
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Chapter 17: Urbanization
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Q1) According to the concentric-zone model of urban land use,the ______ is the commercial,office,transportation,and cultural center of a city where land values are typically highest.
A)zone of transition
B)commuter zone
C)nuclei zone
D)central business district
Q2) Discuss Ernest Burgess's concentric-zone model of urban development.Then compare and contrast it with Homer Hoyt's sector model,as well as multiple nuclei theory.
Q3) ______ is the practice of physically separating the occupants of some social statuses from the occupants of others.
A)Assimilation
B)Multiculturalism
C)Globalization
D)Segregation
Q4) In the United States,more than 75% of the population resides in cities.
A)True
B)False
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