Sociology of Deviance Study Guide Questions
Course Introduction
Sociology of Deviance explores the social processes and structures that define, create, and respond to deviant behavior within societies. The course examines various theoretical perspectives on deviance, including functionalist, conflict, symbolic interactionist, and labeling theories. Students will analyze how notions of deviance are influenced by cultural norms, power dynamics, and social inequalities, and how these definitions shift across time and contexts. The course also investigates the effects of deviance and social control on individuals and groups, and examines topics such as crime, mental illness, substance use, sexuality, and youth subcultures. Through case studies and critical discussions, students will develop a nuanced understanding of how societies negotiate conformity and difference.
Recommended Textbook
Drugs Behaviour and Society 2nd Canadian Edition by Carl L Hart Dr
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Drug Use: An Overview
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Sample Questions
Q1) One of the four principles of psychoactive drugs is that every drug has "____________."
A) effects on the heart
B) impurities
C) multiple effects
D) mind altering potential
Answer: C
Q2) What is meant by the term "gateway substance"? Provide an example of a gateway substance? What is wrong with assuming that use of a gateway substance causes increased use of other substances?
Answer: A substance (e.g., cigarettes) that is used before illicit substances AND use of which is associated with increased likelihood of later use of illicit substances. Assuming a person is generally more likely to engage in deviant or problem behaviour, the apparent gateway substance might just be the easiest thing for a young person to start with, so it is most likely to be the first. Bonus: discussion of whether preventing or delaying cigarette smoking would reduce later use of marijuana or other substances.
Q3) Which three demographics have been used when analyzing the "who uses drugs?"
Answer: Gender, Socioeconomic Status, and Level of Education.
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3
Chapter 2: Drug Use As a Social Problem
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which drug is MOST recognized as contributing to crimes and violence?
A) Alcohol
B) Heroin
C) Marijuana
D) Cocaine
Answer: A
Q2) As views of substance dependence have changed based on scientific research, what is now believed to be the real driving force behind repeated excessive drug use?
A) Psychological dependence, based on reinforcement.
B) Physical dependence, caused by tolerance.
C) An allergic reaction to the substance.
D) Unmet psychological needs in early childhood.
Answer: A
Q3) Describe the implications of the Positive Reinforcement Model in explaining repeated drug use.
Answer: Efforts to treat drug dependence by focusing on reducing or eliminating physical dependence (withdrawal) will have limited usefulness. Treatments also need to break the positive associations that have developed to people, objects, or situations that have been linked to drug use in the past.
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Drug Policy
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Supreme Court of Canada ruled the law prohibiting marijuana possession a violation of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms because it did not take users of medical marijuana into account.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Describe the criteria and defining differences between Category 1 and 2 of the Marihuana Medical Access Regulations (MMAR).
Answer: Category 1 comprises any symptoms treated within the context of compassionate end-of life care or the symptoms associated with the specified medical conditions. Category 2 applies to persons who have debilitating symptoms of medical conditions other than those described in Category 1.
Q3) With the Royal Assent for Bill S-10 mandatory minimum jail sentences for marijuana offences became law.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 4: The Nervous System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the action potential.
Q2) The complex branching parts of a neuron that receive information from other neurons are called dendrites.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Homeostasis can be loosely translated as "moving and fluid."
A)True
B)False
Q4) The neurotransmitter at the end organ of the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system is which of the following?
A) Serotonin
B) Dopamine
C) Norepinephrine
D) GABA
Q5) What seems to be the major advantage of the benzodiazepines over the barbiturates?
A) Glia
B) Axon
C) Autonomic nervous system
D) Limbic system
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Chapter 5: The Actions of Drugs
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the term; Drug Half-Life.
Q2) Marijuana and heroin are both considered to be opioid drugs.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The time course refers to the timing of the onset, duration, and termination of a drug's effect.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What does the group of psychoactive drugs called stimulants include?
A) Cocaine
B) Prozac
C) LSD
D) Heroin
Q5) There have been increased reports of adolescents administering alcohol using alcohol suppositories, called "booty bumping" or "butt bongs."
A)True
B)False
Q6) A drug's generic name can only be used by one company.
A)True
B)False
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Stimulants
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe cocaine's mechanism of action.
Q2) What is the affect of amphetamines on weight control?
A) Is factual, but small and limited in duration.
B) It usual increases rather than decrease weight.
C) It has never been scientifically confirmed.
D) It is both medically and cosmetically significant for most patients.
Q3) How are "bath salts" taken and what is their effect?
Q4) What is one of the more concerning side effects of treating ADHD with amphetamines or methylphenidate (Ritalin)?
A) The high rate of drug dependence that develops.
B) Decreased height and weight gain in children.
C) Increased numbers of suicide attempts.
D) Liver dysfunction.
Q5) What has Alertec (modafinil) been recently approved to treat?
A) Narcolepsy
B) Depression
C) Methamphetamine dependence
D) Obesity
Q6) Describe the abuse potential of snorted cocaine.
Q7) Where in Canada does the largest proportion of smuggled cocaine enter?
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Chapter 7: Other Depressants and Inhalants
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the procedure of the modern era of abuse of volatile solvents by young people referred to as huffing.
A) A solvent is inhaled directly from a container.
B) A solvent is inhaled from a piece of material soaked in the solvent.
C) A solvent is inhaled from a plastic bag placed over the nose and mouth.
D) A solvent is inhaled from a pipe placed in close proximity to the volatile material.
Q2) Paraldehyde is a CNS depressant that is currently available in Canada in several over-the-counter medications.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of these is NOT one of the early sedative-hypnotics used in medicine?
A) Chloral hydrate
B) Paraldehyde
C) Butyrate
D) Bromide salts
Q4) How was Paraldehyde first introduced, and what would it be used for today?
Q5) What is the existing law regarding volatile solvent use in Canada?
Q6) Describe what has been recently discovered regarding GABA.
Q7) Describe the first Rape Victim Story that was reported in the public in the USA.
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Chapter 8: Psychotherapeutic Drugs: Medication for Mental Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the text, movies provide an important vehicle to learning about various types of mental illnesses, the people, and their struggles. Which of the following accurately describes a true story of one such person and their journey?
A) As Good as it Gets; story of an institution
B) A Beautiful Mind; story of schizophrenia
C) The Snake Pit; story of bipolar depression
D) One Flew over the Cuckoo's nest; personal story of schizophrenia
Q2) Which diagnoses is given when there is major disturbance of intellectual and social functioning to the degree that there is a loss of contact with reality?
A) Anxiety disorder
B) Phobia
C) Depression
D) Psychosis
Q3) A chronic psychotic condition with no known physical cause is likely to be diagnosed as schizophrenia.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What is lithium?
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Chapter 9: Alcohol
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Sample Questions
Q1) What symptoms do tremors, hallucinations, delusions, and seizures are all symptoms suggest?
A) Wernicke's disease
B) Alcohol withdrawal syndrome
C) Korsakoff's psychosis
D) An alcohol overdose
Q2) In a typical person, intoxication to the point of staggering and greatly impaired sensory perception occurs at about what BAC?
A) 0.05 percent
B) 0.10 percent
C) 0.25 percent
D) 0.40 percent
Q3) If one member of a pair of identical twins is dependent on alcohol, which of the following describe what will occur for the other twin?
A) It is virtually certain that they too will be dependent on alcohol.
B) There have as high as a 50 percent chance of also being dependent on alcohol.
C) They have a 10 percent chance of also being dependent on alcohol.
D) There is no greater a risk for alcohol dependence than anyone else.
Q4) Describe the alcohol withdrawal (abstinence) syndrome.
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Chapter 10: Tobacco
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Sample Questions
Q1) Annually what do approximately 3-4% of former smokers do?
A) Crave cigarettes daily.
B) Quit smoking without a treatment program.
C) Chew nicotine gum or wear a nicotine patch.
D) Gain more than 10 pounds after quitting.
Q2) Young Canadians are smoking fewer cigarettes, but what are they turning to instead?
A) Marijuana smoking
B) Eating hash brownies
C) Water pipes
D) Moist snuff
Q3) From which of the following sources is it believed that the word tobacco originated?
A) It was the name of the native tribe that gave it to Columbus.
B) It was the name of a town in Mexico where the herb was extensively used.
C) It was the scientific name of the plant whose leaves are used.
D) It was the scientific name of the chemical contained in the leaf of the plant.
Q4) Your best friend, who is a smoker, just found out she is pregnant. Do your best to convince her to stop smoking.
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Caffeine
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which country is the world's largest coffee producer?
A) Brazil
B) Colombia
C) Ethiopia
D) Vietnam
Q2) After coffee and tea were introduced to Europe approximately how long would it take chocolate to arrive?
A) With a few years
B) Within 10-15 years
C) 30 to 50 years
D) Almost a century
Q3) In a 1994 experiment, a group of researchers reported the cases of 16 individuals who they considered to meet the general criteria for a DSM-IV-TR diagnosis of substance disorder. What did their study involve, and describe the outcome.
Q4) How is caffeine removed from the coffee bean?
Q5) Describe how the Stamp Act of 1765 and the later Trade and Revenue Act of 1767 triggered a revolution and changed the consumption patterns of tea and coffee in the United States and England.
Q6) What is adenosine?
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Chapter 12: Natural Health Products and
Drugs
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Sample Questions
Q1) What are Canada's and the US position on the weight loss drug called Orlistat, and specifically how are they different?
Q2) Starting in 2007, what is the only FDA-approved OTC weight-control ingredient?
A) PPA
B) Caffeine
C) Orlistat
D) CCK
Q3) Your doctor informed you that antihistamines can induce drowsiness, thus what is the best time to take them before you retire?
A) At least 10 minutes before
B) At least 15 minutes before
C) At least 20 minutes before
D) The drowsiness position is overstated and no specific time range has been suggested
Q4) To constitute traditional use, an NHP must have a history of at least 75 consecutive years of use as a medicinal ingredient within a cultural belief system or healing paradigm, for example traditional Chinese medicine.
A)True
B)False
14
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Chapter 13: Opioids
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Sample Questions
Q1) Who was Dr. Thomas Sydenham, and what was his role in the development of opium?
Q2) What is an opioid antagonist, and what is its role?
Q3) Morphine and codeine are derived from the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following is NOT provided at Insite?
A) Sterile injecting equipment
B) Medical attention
C) Referral to primary health care services
D) Legal methadone to inject
Q5) Max, Joseph, Mary, and Lori are all taking part in either the NAOMI or SALOME study. What is the focus of this research?
A) The gender difference between adherences to methadone maintenance programs.
B) Heroin maintenance programs.
C) Methadone versus fentanyl maintenance treatment programs.
D) In-patient heroin withdrawal services followed by free supervised methadone maintenance services.
Q6) Describe three major medical uses for opioid drugs, and discuss how effective these drugs are for each use.
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Hallucinogens
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Sample Questions
Q1) What are hallucinogens and describe the more popular terms used to describe hallucinogens?
Q2) What has been the common role of shamans, medicine men, or medicine women?
Q3) Which drug has been reported to produce an increase in sociability and euphoria as well as an increase in blood pressure, body temperature, and pulse?
A) MDMA
B) PCP
C) Scopolamine
D) Bufotenin
Q4) Describe who the Canadian Pioneers in the Use of LSD were and where and how they were brought together.
Q5) Besides hallucinations, what else does mescaline produce?
A) Sedation and drowsiness
B) Analgesia
C) Hunger and thirst
D) Pupil dilation, increased heart rate, and blood pressure
Q6) In the 1950s, what was the Parke, Davis & Company investigating, and which animal did they use while conducting their research?
Q7) What is an indole?
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Cannabis
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Sample Questions
Q1) How is dronabinol (Marinol) sold in both Canada and the U.S.?
A) As a cannabis antagonist
B) As an effective treatment for cannabis dependence
C) As a capsule containing THC
D) As an appetite enhancer
Q2) Although regular marijuana smokers often show a slowing of cognitive processing, evidence for negative acute cognitive effects is less dramatic than it is for infrequent users.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What are the male reproductive effects of smoking marijuana?
Q4) All of the following have been identified as factors associated with a youth's decision to use or not to use cannabis EXCEPT which one?
A) Availability
B) Education level achieved
C) Peer pressure
D) Social connectedness to peers
Q5) When, by whom, and why was the book, Le Club de Hashischins written?
Q6) Where is marijuana cultivated, and what is known to ensure a successful growth?
Q7) Describe the History of Cannabis Policy in Canada.
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Chapter 16: Performance-Enhancing Drugs
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Sample Questions
Q1) What was one side effect of the tougher 2006 drug testing policies in Major League Baseball?
A) As many as one-fourth of the players on some teams have been permanently banned from the league
B) Steroid use has increased further, because the players now cannot use amphetamines
C) Chewing tobacco use has increased
D) More players are diagnosed with ADHD perhaps so they can have therapeutic-use exemptions to take stimulant drugs
Q2) One concern about the use of high doses of steroids is increased aggressiveness, known as "roid rage."
A)True
B)False
Q3) What have the laboratory studies of endurance on stationary bicycles found regarding caffeine consumption?
A) Caffeine can significantly improve work output at doses of 300-500 mg
B) Caffeine can double endurance at 80 mg, the amount in a can of Red Bull
C) Caffeine does not appear to improve performance
D) Caffeine does not work as well as it did in studies of marathon runners
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Page 18
Chapter 17: Preventing Substance Abuse
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Sample Questions
Q1) Drug education programs are designed to reduce drug use.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In discussing what we should be doing in drug prevention, the text says, "above all _____."
A) never admit your own substance use
B) make people believe they will be caught and punished
C) avoid sensational scare stories and preachy approaches
D) make sure that people get a complete understanding of the drug's pharmacology
Q3) Martha told a judge the reason she broke into a car was to steal a laptop so she could sell it to support her drug habit. What type of intervention will the judge most likely use in response to substance misuse?
A) Primary prevention
B) Secondary prevention
C) Sophisticated prevention
D) Tertiary prevention
Q4) Describe the risk factors have been identified as contributors to the level of substance abuse in Aboriginal populations.
Q5) What is Project ALERT, and how effective is it?
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Chapter 18: Treating Substance Abuse and Dependence
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Sample Questions
Q1) Define the term concurrent disorder.
Q2) Moderate doses of dronabinol can be used to reduce the symptoms associated with abstinence from marijuana.
A)True
B)False
Q3) When treating a person who has been diagnosed as having a concurrent disorder, what is needed in order to ensure a more effective treatment approach to improve overall client outcomes?
Q4) Describe the number of Canadians dependent on or having abused alcohol and other drugs and the costs to society resulting from per year.
Q5) What was among the earliest harm reduction strategies to begin in the 1960s?
A) Safe injection sites
B) Needle exchanges
C) Methadone maintenance
D) Stimulant prescriptions
Q6) When referring to the stages of change describe what occurs in the decision stage.
Q7) In Nova Scotia, which substance was identified as creating the greatest financial burden?
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