Sociology of Deviance Final
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Course Introduction
Sociology of Deviance explores the social processes and structures that define, produce, and respond to behaviors and individuals considered deviant within society. The course examines major theoretical perspectives on deviance, including functionalist, conflict, symbolic interactionist, and postmodern approaches. Topics include the construction and labeling of deviance, the role of power and inequality, subcultures, stigma, and the social control mechanisms employed by various institutions. Through case studies and contemporary examples, students critically analyze how deviance is negotiated in different cultural contexts and the implications for policy and social change.
Recommended Textbook Drugs Society and Human Behavior 16th Edition by Hart
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Chapter 1: Drug Use: An Overview
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Sample Questions
Q1) Despite the limitations of survey questionnaires,they can be especially informative
A)if they are done year after year,because we can then look for changes over time.
B)about use among those who are not included in the survey.
C)about alcohol use,because it is not illegal.
D)about misuse of prescription drugs.
Answer: A
Q2) In one study,adolescents who smoked cigarettes were about twice as likely as nonsmokers to later use marijuana.For this reason,cigarettes have been referred to as A)addicting.
B)a gateway substance.
C)toxic.
D)a correlate.
Answer: B
Q3) There are some drugs that we should just define as being bad drugs.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 2: Drug Use As a Social Problem
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Sample Questions
Q1) The data suggest that marijuana use increases the likelihood of a person committing a violent crime.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) As views of substance dependence have changed based on scientific research,the real driving force behind repeated excessive drug use is now believed to be
A)psychological dependence,based on reinforcement.
B)physical dependence,caused by tolerance.
C)an allergic reaction to the substance.
D)unmet psychological needs in early childhood.
Answer: A
Q3) Those who are diagnosed with a personality disorder,such as antisocial personality disorder,
A)have an increased likelihood of also having a substance use disorder.
B)are neither more nor less likely to have a substance use disorder.
C)are actually less likely to be dependent on a substance.
D)are often given stimulant drugs as a treatment for the personality disorder.
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Drug Policy
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Sample Questions
Q1) One example where the U.S.interest in international drug control has conflicted with national security issues is
A)opium growing in Afghanistan.
B)coca growing in Peru.
C)marijuana growing in China.
D)MDMA (ecstasy)smuggling in Europe.
Answer: A
Q2) In the early 1900s in the U.S.,fears about opium and cocaine were closely linked to A)large numbers of drug-related deaths.
B)gang-related violence.
C)minority racial groups.
D)public use in saloons and night clubs.
Answer: C
Q3) According to the text,current drug laws are effective in the sense that they drive up the prices of illicit drugs.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 4: The Nervous System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Unlike neurons,glial cells in the brain are purely for support and are incapable of communicating with each other.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Weight control,aggression,impulsivity,and psychological depression have all been associated with
A)serotonin pathways.
B)endorphins.
C)GABA receptors.
D)the parasympathetic branch.
Q3) Parkinson's disease patients are often treated with dopamine because L-dopa cannot cross the blood-brain barrier.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Parasympathetic and sympathetic refer to the two branches of the A)glia. B)axon.
C)autonomic nervous system.
D)limbic system.
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Chapter 5: The Actions of Drugs
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Sample Questions
Q1) With increasing doses of any useful drug,there is usually an increase in the number and severity of
A)side effects.
B)beneficial effects.
C)placebo effects.
D)effects on the stomach.
Q2) Alcohol has a low tendency,but THC has a high tendency,to
A)bind to the serotonin receptor.
B)dissolve in water.
C)bind to blood proteins.
D)produce dependence.
Q3) What kind of name is Provigil (an alerting drug)?
A)chemical name
B)generic name
C)brand name
D)none of the above
Q4) According to the text,inexperienced drug users should avoid taking a drug via a route that increases the drug's potency.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Stimulants
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Sample Questions
Q1) During World War II,amphetamines
A)became unavailable due to shortages of chemicals.
B)were used by the German military as a "truth serum" for interrogating prisoners.
C)were used by the Japanese,but only for senior officers.
D)were used to decrease fatigue by several nations' militaries.
Q2) Scientific data indicate that chronic methamphetamine use causes extreme tooth decay.
A)True
B)False
Q3) ,which is
A)also called "rock" or "crack."
B)a form of ecstasy (MDMA).
C)too stable to be smoked.
D)usually contaminated with strychnine.
Q4) Explain the three consequences for the drug scene from the tightening of restrictions on amphetamines in the 1960s and 1970s.
Q5) Discuss why current laws on crack possession have been criticized.Include at least three of these criticisms.
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Chapter 7: Depressants and Inhalants
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Sample Questions
Q1) The four most widely sold benzodiazepines are all longer-acting drugs sold primarily as
A)anxiolytics.
B)analgesics.
C)hypnotics.
D)antidepressants.
Q2) The usual recreational dose of GHB when taken alone is about A)10-20 milligrams.
B)100 micrograms.
C)1-5 grams.
D)100-200 grams.
Q3) is a popular benzodiazepine used to treat anxiety.
A)True
B)False
Q4) One of the oldest gaseous anesthetics,popularly known as "laughing gas," is A)butane.
B)diazepam.
C)pentobarbital.
D)nitrous oxide.
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Chapter 8: Medication for Mental Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Many of the new atypical antipsychotics are known to cause A)liver disorders.
B)manic episodes.
C)significant weight gain and metabolic changes.
D)very few side effects.
Q2) Both depressed and manic symptoms appear in the general classification of A)schizophrenia.
B)mood disorders.
C)obsessive-compulsive disorder.
D)psychosis.
Q3) One side effect common with the older antipsychotics,but less common with the newer ones,is
A)pseudoparkinsonism.
B)positive symptoms.
C)a lag period.
D)MAO inhibition.
Q4) Distinguish between Bipolar I Disorder and schizophrenia.
Q5) The first antipsychotic drugs were the phenothiazines,introduced in the 1950s.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: Alcohol
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Sample Questions
Q1) One major factor determining individual differences in BAC after drinking alcohol is A)exercise level.
B)rate of metabolism.
C)urine flow.
D)proportion of body fat.
Q2) Discuss the 18<sup>th</sup> Amendment prohibiting alcohol sales in the U.S.Approximately when was national prohibition in effect? Describe some of the beliefs that led to the passage of prohibition,some of its effects,and some reasons leading to its repeal.
Q3) Which of these substances speeds up the absorption of alcohol?
A)plain water
B)starchy foods
C)carbonated liquids
D)meat products
Q4) Alcoholic beverages form when yeasts act upon sugars in the process of A)malting.
B)fermentation.
C)distillation.
D)catabolism.
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Chapter 10: Tobacco
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Sample Questions
Q1) A cigar contains enough nicotine for two lethal doses,if the nicotine were injected.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The most popular form of tobacco use in America before 1900 was cigar smoking.
A)True
B)False
Q3) People who switch to low tar and nicotine brand cigarettes
A)can avoid most of the health problems of cigarettes.
B)typically take more and deeper puffs and probably get no safety benefit.
C)actually generate more secondhand smoke.
D)still have some risk,but it is much lower than with regular cigarettes.
Q4) As a potent poison,nicotine causes death by
A)stopping the heart.
B)paralysis of respiration muscles.
C)constricting blood vessels in the brain.
D)increasing blood pressure until a stroke occurs.
Q5) The major commercial species of tobacco is Nicotiana tobacum.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: Caffeine
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Sample Questions
Q1) All of the xanthines have similar effects.But which one has the greatest overall effect?
A)caffeine
B)theobromine
C)theophylline
D)muscadine
Q2) The world's greatest per-capita consumers of tea are found in A)China.
B)France.
C)Canada.
D)Turkey.
Q3) Large doses of caffeine have been shown to produce panic attacks in individuals with a history of panic disorder.
A)True
B)False
Q4) According to current FDA rules on "cola" drinks,
A)they must contain at least 50 mg of caffeine.
B)the label must state how much caffeine is included.
C)they cannot contain more than 6 mg caffeine per ounce.
D)they must all contain exactly 44 mg caffeine per 12 oz.
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Chapter 12: Dietary Supplements and Over-The-Counter Drugs
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Sample Questions
Q1) Aspirin was initially a brand name for Bayer's acetylsalicylic acid.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The 2006 revised PATRIOT Act required that products containing __________ be kept "behind the counter," and buyers must show identification and sign for their purchase.
A)pseudoephedrine
B)aristolochic acid
C)dextromethorphan
D)taurine
Q3) Starting in 2007,the only FDA-approved OTC weight-control ingredient is A)PPA.
B)caffeine.
C)orlistat (alli).
D)CCK.
Q4) The FDA panels that review OTC drugs approve ingredients,not the actual products that often contain several ingredients.
A)True
B)False
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Q5) Describe the recent history and current status of OTC weight control products.
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Chapter 13: Opioids
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Sample Questions
Q1) The earliest recorded use of opium as a medicine was probably by A)the British,around 1600 AD.
B)Portuguese explorers,around 1400 AD.
C)Egyptians,around 1500 BC.
D)Romans,around 600 AD.
Q2) The 16<sup>th</sup> century European physician Paracelsus,and later Dr.Thomas Sydenham promoted the use of A)heroin.
B)laudanum.
C)opium smoking.
D)pure codeine.
Q3) Vicodin and OxyContin are examples of A)NSAIDs.
B)narcotic antagonists.
C)prescription opioids that are being misused at relatively high rates.
D)fake drugs sold over the Internet that are actually placebos.
Q4) One of the major issues facing physicians today is that patients are not taking enough prescription opioids to manage their pain.
A)True
B)False
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Hallucinogens
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Sample Questions
Q1) The indole originally found in toad skins,that turns out not to be a very potent hallucinogen,is
A)bufotenin.
B)muscimol.
C)ergotamine.
D)mescaline.
Q2) ,was originally used by indigenous cultures in South America and is called, A)psilocybin.
B)mescal.
C)ayahuasca.
D)amanita.
Q3) One name that has been used for hallucinogenic drugs is psychedelic,which means A)mind-viewing,and implies a beneficial,visionary effect.
B)mind-destroying.
C)insanity-producing.
D)mind-building,implying greater intelligence.
Q4) Similar to psilocybin,salvinorin A produces mystical experiences with no adverse effects one month after administration in the laboratory.
A)True
B)False
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Marijuana
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Sample Questions
Q1) A great number of studies have consistently reported that smoked marijuana and oral THC both produce
A)permanent impairments in short-term memory.
B)lung cancer.
C)reduced immunity to diseases.
D)increased total daily food intake.
Q2) The 1999 report from the Institute of Medicine suggested that marijuana cigarettes should
A)never be made available for medical uses.
B)be available for long-term use for a variety of purposes.
C)only be used to treat glaucoma.
D)be allowed for no more than six months for patients with intractable pain or vomiting.
Q3) The 70 chemicals that are known to be unique to the cannabis plant are called A)cannabinoids.
B)THIQs.
C)opioids.
D)butyrates.
Q4) Explain the possible panic reaction related to marijuana and recommended methods to decrease such a reaction.
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Chapter 16: Performance-Enhancing Drugs
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Sample Questions
Q1) One side effect of the tougher 2006 drug testing policies in Major League Baseball is that
A)as many as one-fourth of the players on some teams have been permanently banned from the league.
B)steroid use has increased further,because the players now cannot use amphetamines.
C)chewing tobacco use has increased.
D)more players are diagnosed with ADHD so they can have therapeutic-use exemptions to take stimulant drugs.
Q2) Clenbuterol was first detected in Olympic athletes in 1992.Originally developed as a bronchodilator for treating asthma,this drug is
A)an anabolic steroid.
B)a beta-2 agonist.
C)a serotonin agonist.
D)a derivative of strychnine.
Q3) Small amounts of the stimulant,caffeine,are allowed in most sports.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 17: Preventing Substance Abuse
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Q1) In the public health model,programs designed to reach people who have started using some substances and to prevent them from abusing these substances or moving to more dangerous substances,would be classified as A)motivational.
B)educational.
C)secondary prevention.
D)triage.
Q2) The DARE program stands for A)Drug Abuse Responsible Education.
B)Drug Abuse Required Education.
C)Drug Abuse Resistance Education.
D)none of the above choices.
Q3) The Institute of Medicine's proposed prevention efforts are categorized primarily according to the age groups of the targeted populations. A)True
B)False
Q4) Discuss some of the early school-based attempts to prevent substance abuse and why they were abandoned.
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Chapter 18: Treating Substance Use Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) The only kinds of medications approved for use in smoking cessation are various forms of nicotine replacement therapy,like nicotine patches and gum.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which one of these is an agonist therapy?
A)methadone for heroin addiction
B)nicotine gum for tobacco addiction
C)Both A and B
D)Neither A nor B
Q3) Varenicline,approved in 2006 for smoking cessation
A)is also used as an antidepressant.
B)is an opioid antagonist.
C)is a partial nicotinic-receptor antagonist.
D)blocks the metabolism of nicotine.
Q4) The DSM-V provides diagnostic criteria for substance dependence and substance abuse.
A)True
B)False
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