Sociology of Crime Final Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Sociology of Crime explores the social dimensions of criminal behavior, examining how laws are created, enforced, and challenged within society. The course investigates various sociological theories that explain the origins and patterns of crime, analyzes the role of social institutions in shaping definitions of deviance, and considers how factors such as class, race, gender, and environment influence criminality. Students will engage with contemporary issues in crime, including juvenile delinquency, white-collar crime, and the impact of incarceration, to gain a deeper understanding of how crime is both a social construct and a lived reality.
Recommended Textbook Crim 2nd Canadian Edition by Larry Siegel
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Chapter 1: Crime and Criminology
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Q1) The Canadian justice system is a static social phenomenon inherited from centuries-old English Common Law, which consists of a tradition of unchanging social norms.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Which of these people was among the first scholars to develop a systematic understanding of why people commit crimes?
A)Nicholas Remy
B)Cesare Beccaria
C)Auguste Comte
D)Cesare Lombroso
Answer: C
Q3) According to Emile Durkheim's vision of social positivism, crime is an inevitable part of a functional society.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 2: The Nature and Extent of Crime
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Q1) The Personal Risk and Victimization Survey (PRVS) contains the least accurate information about reported crime in Canada.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Which factor would researchers such as Tittle say is most relevant to any discussion about a relationship between social class and crime?
A)the fact that the wealthy have little interest in engaging in criminal activity
B)the likelihood that poor, young people are biologically more likely to engage in criminal activity
C)the existence of biases toward those of the lower class held by those in the criminal justice system
D)that the wealthy are less likely to notice that they have been victims of crime
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Victims and Victimization
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Q1) The wealthy are less likely to become victims of crime than the poor.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Survey findings in victimization patterns indicate that the nature of victimization is random and uncertain.
A)True
B)False Answer: False
Q3) Minorities and recent immigrants are unlikely to suffer victimization due to racism as Canada has a distinctly multicultural identity.
A)True
B)False Answer: False
Q4) Divorced and never-married males and females are victimized more often than married people.
A)True
B)False Answer: True
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Chapter 4: Choice Theory: Because They Want to
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Q1) Discuss drug use from the rational choice perspective.
Q2) Discuss the possible problems and benefits facing the Canadian justice system as the current generation of baby boomers begins to age. What potential pitfalls may await the general public and what may be some of the consequences and outcomes for the justice system as a whole?
Q3) According to rational choice theory, crime is an event. What then is criminality?
A)unavoidable
B)a calculated choice
C)a method of coping
D)an uncontrolled drive
Q4) What are target reduction strategies designed to do?
A)narrow down the regions in which crime is likely to occur
B)increase the sentences for young persons convicted of crime
C)decrease the potential value of crime for the offender
D)allow police departments to hire more officers
Q5) Rational choice theorists view crime as both offence- and offender-specific. Explain why this is so.
Q6) Sociologist Jack Katz argues that there are immediate benefits to criminality. Discuss his argument.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Trait Theory: ITS in Their Blood
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Q1) Which statement summarizes the research on twins, looking at a genetic basis to criminal behaviour?
A)There is no evidence of a similar behaviour pattern between twins studied to date.
B)There is a stronger similarity in the behaviour of monozygotic twins than between dizygotic twins.
C)Dizygotic twins are found to be less criminal than non-twins studied to date.
D)Only those monozygotic twins raised in criminal households exhibited criminal behaviour patterns.
Q2) What is the most significant criticism of the gene-crime relationship?
A)It has not been the subject of true scientific research.
B)The findings are now outdated and no longer relevant.
C)It is based largely on inadequate research designs and weak methodologies.
D)It suggests that the weak and poor are more vulnerable to crime than other groups.
Q3) Discuss what the research tells us about antisocial behaviour and glucose metabolism, hormonal influences, and testosterone.
Q4) Discuss what the research tells us about parental deviance, twin behaviour, and adoption studies.
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Chapter 6: Social Structure Theories
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Q1) What would a strain theorist say is the main cause of crime?
A)labels attached to young people identifying them as deviant
B)unpleasant and challenging urban living conditions
C)the transmission of morals, beliefs, and goals across generations
D)frustration over not being able to achieve desired goals legitimately
Q2) What is the difference between anomie and relative deprivation theories and Robert Agnew's general strain theory?
A)General strain theory examines all crimes, while the other theories look at property crimes such as break and enter.
B)General strain theory includes male and female offenders, while the other theories look primarily at crimes committed by young males.
C)General strain theory focuses on global crime rates, and the other theories look more closely at neighbourhood structures and crime rates.
D)General strain theory examines economic levels of society, and the other theories focus on the lower class.
Q3) Steven Messner and Richard Rosenfeld's institutional anomie theory is an updating of Robert Merton's work. Explain how this theory differs from Merton's.
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Chapter 7: Socialization and Crime
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Q1) Discuss what labelling theory tells us about crime. Do you agree with the major assumptions of labelling theory? Explain why or why not?
Q2) Some criminologists believe that criminality is a function of individual socialization and interactions. Do you agree? Support your answer drawing from the text.
Q3) A social reaction theorist views crime as a subjective concept whose definition depends entirely on the viewing audience.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Research attempts that have been made to verify the assumptions of neutralization theory have been inconclusive.
A)True
B)False
Q5) According to many criminologists, how does the school system contribute to criminality?
A)by allowing children to advance a grade even when they should fail
B)by labelling youths and streaming them according to their abilities
C)by maintaining a rigid system of discipline
D)by being underfunded in their resources to identify learning disabled youths
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Q1) Which social conflict branch suggests that crime results when differences in social status among individuals leads to frustration?
A)radical feminism
B)left realism
C)postmodernism
D)peacemaking criminology
Q2) Joan Sangster investigated female delinquency in Ontario from 1940 to 1960. What did she find about young girls who were incarcerated in training schools?
A)They were perceived as threats to the middle-class morals and values.
B)They had become wards of the court, as they were homeless or orphaned.
C)They had either or both severe physical or mental disabilities.
D)They were incarcerated for longer periods than their male counterparts.
Q3) Which of these statements best summarizes the impact of the double standard of sexual inequality on female adolescents in the justice system?
A)Males are more likely to commit fewer but more serious offences than females.
B)Females have a much narrower range of acceptable behaviours than males.
C)Females receive lengthier custody dispositions than males.
D)Females are viewed as easier to rehabilitate than males.
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Chapter 9: Integrated Theories: Things Change
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Q1) Integrated theorists focus their attention on the occasional offender.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Sally is a young person who does not hand in school work, is regularly late for curfew, and challenges her parents and teachers on any rules or consequences they present. Which of the following developmental pathways to crime is she most likely following?
A)authority conflict pathway
B)covert pathway
C)behaviour syndrome pathway
D)overt pathway
Q3) What is the most important personal social factor related to persistent offending, according to developmental theorists Sheldon and Eleanor Glueck?
A)gender
B)race
C)family relations
D)social class
Q4) Discuss control balance theory. Explain how it is similar to, and yet different from, Michael Gottfredson and Travis Hirschi's view.
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Chapter 10: Violent Crime
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Q1) Discuss what the research tells us about the nature and extent of spousal abuse.
Q2) The linkage between crime and substance abuse is weak at best.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Governments have tried numerous responses to terrorism. Discuss some of these responses.
Q4) What is one of the most significant hurdles which must be overcome regarding sexual assault cases?
A)determining the most appropriate sentence for repeat offenders
B)addressing the various family members affected by the victim's case
C)determining which of the many sexual assault categories applies to a case
D)stereotypes and bias about men, women, and gender roles
Q5) Discuss the concept of workplace violence and explain which factors precipitate it. Use examples drawn from the text.
Q6) Most stranger homicides happen in conjunction with another crime.
A)True
B)False
Q7) Several types of robbers have been identified. Discuss each type, and then discuss what the research tells us about their racial, gender, and age preferences of victims.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Property Crimes
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Q1) What did Edwin Lemert's research reveal about cheque forgers?
A)They most often are males who belong to gangs in disadvantaged neighbourhoods.
B)They often are naive individuals who did not intend to pass a bad cheque or who did not believe their actions were overly harmful.
C)The majority are "systematic" forgers who make a living from passing bad cheques.
D)They almost always are caught and prosecuted because of the ease of tracing their cheque cashing through automated signature checking.
Q2) Jane received an email outlining a fantastic way to earn money which only required that she pay $29.95 to receive a training manual. Jane sent money to the address but did not ever receive the manual. She later learned that the online company was a hoax. What crime was Jane a victim of?
A)embezzlement
B)fraud
C)larceny
D)forgery
Q3) The legal definition of burglary has undergone considerable change since its common-law origins. Discuss these changes.
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Page 13
Chapter 12: White: Collar and Organized Crime
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Q1) Criminals equipped the automated teller machines in some stores across Canada with tiny cameras to gain access to personal card information and pin numbers. Which of the following crimes were these individuals engaging in?
A)property fraud
B)securities fraud
C)bank fraud
D)consumer fraud
Q2) According to Mark Haller which of the following is a similarity between a chamber of commerce and an organized crime syndicate?
A)They both plan counteroffensives on rivalling crime groups.
B)They both form with the primary intent of bettering their communities.
C)They both seek to remain hidden from public scrutiny.
D)They both gather regularly to settle disputes between members.
Q3) Your text discusses some of the general traits of organized crime. Discuss at least five of these traits.
Q4) It is fraudulent to show a delivery service vehicle taking off into outer space in an advertisement.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: Public Order Crimes
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Q1) Tim was charged with solicitation and he pleaded guilty. What alternative to jail time might he be offered?
A)Sex Soliciting School (SSS)
B)John School
C)SDSS-School (Stopping Delinquent Sexuality School)
D)Reform Class
Q2) Discuss the laws in Canada concerning child pornography and the effect of sexual abuse upon children.
Q3) If cannabis possession were decriminalized in Canada, which of the following police responses would take place if someone was found to be in possession of a small amount of this drug?
A)Only a warning may be issued.
B)A charge would be laid.
C)The police would not be permitted to penalize the individual in any way.
D)A ticket would be issued.
Q4) B-girls are considered the least attractive, lowest paid, most vulnerable prostitutes in the business.
A)True
B)False
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