Sociology for Social Science Majors Final
Exam Questions
Course Introduction
This course offers an in-depth introduction to the fundamental concepts, theories, and methods of sociology, tailored specifically for social science majors. Students will explore how societies are structured, how social processes shape individual and group behavior, and the ways in which social institutions such as family, education, religion, and government affect and are affected by broader cultural and historical forces. Emphasis is placed on applying sociological perspectives to analyze current social issues, understand diversity and inequality, and critically evaluate the impact of social change on various communities. Through lectures, discussions, and applied assignments, students will develop a strong analytical foundation to inform their studies and future work in the social sciences.
Recommended Textbook
Sociology The Essentials 8th Edition by Margaret L. Andersen
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Sociological Perspective
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to functionalists,deviance leads to social change.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) The early American sociologists are characterized by
A)their extremely theoretical approach to problems.
B)their adherence to the conflict perspective primarily.
C)their belief that sociology could alleviate the negative consequences of society.
D)their lack of interest in research.
Answer: C
Q3) According to Social Darwinists
A)the "survival of the fittest" is the driving force of social evolution.
B)social reform was essential for the protection of the poorest members of society.
C)the evolution of society would always create more social problems.
D)"social engineering" was necessary for society to meet the needs of its members.
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Culture and the Media
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Sample Questions
Q1) The abstract standards that define the ideal principles of a society are called.
A)beliefs
B)values
C)myths
D)mores
Answer: B
Q2) The digital divide refers to:
A)inequality based on access to electronic information.
B)differences in technology.
C)differences in perception of media.
D)non of the above.
Answer: A
Q3) Movements like the "Black is Beautiful" movement of the 1960s,and the push to teach Native American children
Their indigenous languages,demonstrate that
A)culture is static.
B)culture may be used as a means of political resistance.
C)the control exercised by the dominant culture is complete.
D)nonmaterial culture is more important than material culture.
Answer: B
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Chapter 3: Doing Sociological research
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Sample Questions
Q1) What research method would be most appropriate for a study of cultural changes over long periods of time?
A)participant observation
B)survey
C)content analysis
D)experiment
Answer: C
Q2) A sociological study explores whether there is any truth to the stereotype that women are bad drivers.This study is based on which type of reasoning?
A)inductive reasoning
B)applied reasoning
C)deductive reasoning
D)conceptual reasoning
Answer: C
Q3) The findings that result from study of a larger sample will always be more generalizable than those from the study of a smaller sample.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 4: Socialization and the Life Course
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Sample Questions
Q1) As agents of socialization,peers are important sources of social approval,disapproval,and support,even into adulthood.
A)True
B)False
Q2) After a child reaches adolescence their socialization is fixed and unalterable,regardless of new cultural experiences.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Mead's stages,in their correct order,are
A)imitation,sensorimotor,operational.
B)preoperational,play,concrete operational.
C)sensorimotor,preoperational,concrete operational.
D)imitation,play,game.
Q4) Mead believed that children acquire a concept of the generalized other during thestage of childhood socialization.
A)imitation
B)play
C)game
D)preoperational
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Chapter 5: Social Structure and Social Interaction
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Sample Questions
Q1) Define nonverbal communication and explain how gender plays a role in nonverbal communication.
Q2) From a sociological perspective,which of these is not necessarily characteristic of a group?
A)interaction is face-to-face
B)members communicate with each other
C)members share goals and norms
D)members possess an awareness of themselves as "we"
Q3) According to the concept of the social construction of reality,
A)there is no reality beyond that which is produced by social interaction.
B)the truth of a situation may be difficult for us to recognize at first.
C)people supporting different teams will agree on the fairness of the referees,because whether something is a foul or not is a matter of fact.
D)many things have their own intrinsic or inherent meaning.
Q4) Which of the following characteristics does a society not possess?
A)People think of themselves as distinct from other societies.
B)Members maintain ties of interaction.
C)Individuals have a high degree of interdependence among their members.
D)Groups resemble society,but are similar in size..
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Chapter 6: Groups and Organization
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Sample
Questions
Q1) According to the research presented in the text,in a study of the role of small voluntary groups in society Robert Wuthnow and his associates found that
A)voluntary groups are not able to fill the void left by the breakdown of community and family.
B)voluntary interest groups have lost their importance within U.S.society C)people seek small voluntary groups for a sense of community and a spiritual connection.
D)voluntary group membership has been declining in the U.S.
Q2) Individuals often joinorganizations for monetary reasons.
A)coercive
B)volunteer
C)normative
D)utilitarian
Q3) Most disparities between Whites and members of minority groups in terms of promotion rates and leadership positions have largely disappeared.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Explain why a formal organization is an example of macroanalysis.
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Chapter 7: Deviance and Crime
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Sample Questions
Q1) Youths raised with parents who are deviant are more likely to be deviant themselves.This is an illustration of:
A)labeling theory
B)functionalism
C)differential association
D)social control theory
Q2) The primary sociological criticism of the medicalization of deviance is that it
A)makes deviance too expensive to cure.
B)makes it too easy for members of society to behave in deviant ways.
C)ignores the impact of the social structure in the creation of deviant behavior.
D)Assumes a trained medical profession.
Q3) A weakness of conflict theory in terms of understanding deviance is that it
A)does not address inequity and injustice.
B)ignores the importance of the social structure.
C)is less effective explaining forms of deviance other than crime.
D)does not explain the slow pace at which the legal system changes.
Q4) Based on the research,most sociologists would agree that "justice is blind."
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Social Class and Social Stratification
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Sample Questions
Q1) believe that the greater rewards attached to some positions in society help ensure that people will make the sacrifices necessary to acquire the training those positions demand.
A)Functionalists
B)Conflict theorists
C)Symbolic interactionists
D)Social exchange theorists
Q2) How does Karl Marx explain class and capitalism?
Q3) John shows off his new car and clothes to other students.He is exhibiting an example of.
A)class consciousness
B)conspicuous consumption
C)social differentiation
D)social stratification
Q4) According to the text,of families headed by women live below the poverty line.
A)one-fourth
B)one-third
C)one-half
D)two-thirds
Q5) How does Max Weber explain social stratification?
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Global Stratification
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sociologists agree that high birthrates and large populations prevent a country from developing economically.
A)True
B)False
Q2) When workers work in one country and live in another county they represent.
A)global culture
B)political exiles
C)transnational communities
D)global outsourcing
Q3) According to the text,world poverty is caused by all of the following except:
A)unstable governments unable to provide basic services.
B)economies reorganized to pay debt decreasing resources for human services.
C)changes in the world economic system that have favored some economies over others.
D)there is not enough food grown in the world to feed everyone.
Q4) The lower-income countries are poor because they lack natural resources.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Discuss the challenges and disadvantages faced by women and children in poor countries.
11
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Chapter 10: Race and Ethnicity
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss the how the White Ethnic experience in the U.S.differed from that of the dominant white population.
Q2) Sociologists refer to the process by which something or someone is perceived as having racial characteristics as )
A)racialization
B)racial formation
C)ethnogeneration
D)ethnicity identification
Q3) Chinese immigrants began migrating to the U.S.in the mid-19?? century because:
A)they desired the "American Dream."
B)the Chinese government pushed them out.
C)they were seeking religious freedom.
D)the U.S.needed workers.
Q4) Stereotypes about women tend to be more negative than stereotypes about men.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Discuss the consequences of the digital racial divide.
Q6) Describe the civil rights strategy.
Q7) How does institutional racism differ from other forms of racism?
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Chapter 11: Gender
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Sample Questions
Q1) Both human capital theory and dual labor market theory focus on the characteristics of the individual in order to explain the gender gap in wages.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What does the concept of the second shift in regards to women's employment refer to?
Q3) Which type of feminism is most concerned with the interrelationship of race,class and gender?
A)socialist feminism
B)multiracial feminism
C)gendered institutions
D)"doing gender"
Q4) When a society excludes women from institutions in that society,it is practicing:
A)religious sexism
B)theological patriarchy
C)economic segregation
D)gender apartheid
Q5) What is meant by the concept of a gendered institution? Describe an example.
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Chapter 12: Sexuality
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Sample Questions
Q1) When individuals view and act on homosexuality as a perversion of normal sexual identity they are advocating )
A)Homosexuality
B)Heterosexism
C)Queer theory
D)Sexual politics
Q2) The system of international sex trafficking
A)is sometimes identified as a form of slavery.
B)involves young men and women equally.
C)is limited to women over the age of 18.
D)Occurs mostly within capitalist countries.
Q3) John is engaging in heterosexism.Which of the following does he believe?
A)the assumption that heterosexuality is deviant.
B)the institutionalization of heterosexuality as the only legitimate sexual orientation.
C)the systematic denial of rights to homosexuals.
D)the weakening of social norms related to sexual orientation.
Q4) Explain how emerging forms of sexual identity are related technological change.
Q5) Explain the concepts of homophobia and heterosexism,and how they are related.
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Chapter 13: Families and Religion
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sociologists have found that most of the problems faced by households headed by women are primarily the result of
A)the absence of male authority figures.
B)the threat of poverty that is connected with being a single mother.
C)the psychological pressure of heading a household.
D)excess media attention that creates the perception of a problem.
Q2) What is the relationship between Christianity and governance within the U.S.?
A)The U.S.effectively separates all religion from government.
B)In the U.S.Christianity is often treated as if it is the national religion.
C)The U.S.incorporates holidays and rituals of all faiths equally into its public observances.
D)The government of the U.S.prohibits religions other than Christianity.
Q3) Regarding commuter marriages the text notes that
A)commuter marriages are among the most affluent types of families.
B)transportation costs have resulted in a significant decrease in commuter marriages.
C)many poor and working class couples have commuter marriages that do not fit the common stereotype of the commuting professional couple.
D)despite the stereotype,this type of marriage is still very rare.
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Chapter 14: Education and Health Care
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss the U.S.model of medicine.What are the roles played by the disease model and prevention?
Q2) The study of all the factors associated with disease in society is called.
A)epidemiology
B)etiology
C)entomology
D)social gerontology
Q3) High school and college graduation rates are not the same for all racial-ethnic groups.In fact,
A)Blacks have the lowest graduation rates compared with Whites and Hispanics.
B)Hispanics have the lowest graduation rates,compared with Whites and Blacks.
C)Hispanics have graduation rates that are equal to those of Whites.
D)Blacks have graduation rates that are equal to those of Whites.
Q4) The lower the social class status of the person,the less access they have to adequate health care.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Identify the problems inherent in the health care crisis and develop a proposal to solve these problems.
Page 16
Q6) Discuss the main causes and demographic features of the obesity epidemic.
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Chapter 15: Economics and Politics
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss the forms of sexual harassment.In your answer give examples of each type.
Q2) Which perspective is most likely to view work as valuable for society because it teaches people shared values?
A)functionalism
B)conflict theory
C)symbolic interaction theory
D)social exchange theory
Q3) The only people really affected by the power of the state are criminals and those who work in the criminal justice system.
A)True
B)False
Q4) College graduates are increasingly working in sectors based on information,research and development.This is an example of.
A)industrialization
B)a postindustrial society
C)a secondary economy
D)none of the above
Q5) Compare the three types of authority and provide an example of each.
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Chapter 16: Environment, Population and Social Change
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Sample Questions
Q1) The crude death rate,the number of deaths per 1000 people,is a good indicator of.
A)fertility
B)population growth
C)standard of living
D)crude birth rate
Q2) Which of the following is not a factor in determining the total number of people in a society?
A)birth
B)death
C)migration
D)gender
Q3) Define cultural diffusion and give an example.
Q4) The upper atmosphere shield that blocks dangerous ultraviolet light,protecting humans from sunburn and skin cancer is called the.
A)ozone layer
B)ionosphere shield
C)stratosphere screen
D)ultraviolet filter
Q5) Discuss the relationship between a revolution and a social movement
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