Sociology for Educators Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Sociology for Educators explores the foundational theories, concepts, and methods of sociology as they apply to educational settings. The course examines how social structures, cultural norms, class, race, gender, and institutional policies influence teaching, learning, and educational outcomes. Students will analyze issues such as student diversity, inequality in education, the role of family and community, and the impact of social change on schools. Through case studies and practical examples, future educators gain tools to foster inclusive and equitable learning environments while understanding the broader social contexts that shape education.
Recommended Textbook
Sociology 14th Edition by John
J. Macionis
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Auguste Comte, the type of thinking favored by people such as Thomas Edison, the inventor of the light bulb, becomes common in a society at which stage of societal development?
A)theological stage
B)metaphysical stage
C)scientific stage
D)post-scientific stage
Answer: C
Q2) Unlike simple stereotypes, sociological generalizations
A)do not apply to all individuals in some category.
B)are based on all available facts.
C)are offered fair-mindedly with an interest in the truth.
D)All of the responses given here are correct.
Answer: D
Q3) Which of the following examples illustrates a micro-level focus?
A)the operation of the U.S.economy
B)patterns of global terrorism
C)two people on an airplane getting to know one another
D)class inequality in the armed forces
Answer: C
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Chapter 2: Sociological Investigation
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Sample Questions
Q1) A small number of people that are used to represent a much larger population is called a
A)target group.
B)sample.
C)closed-format group.
D)sampling frame.
Answer: B
Q2) Carrying out research on Hispanic people, Asian people, or people of any distinctive ethnicity or category demands that researchers be sensitive to how subjects will interpret their words and actions.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) To identify cause-and-effect relationships, it is usually necessary to exercise experimental control of variables.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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4
Chapter 3: Culture
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Q1) An act of kindness, such as opening the door for an elderly man, illustrates conforming to A)mores.
B)taboos.
C)folkways.
D)proscriptive norms.
Answer: C
Q2) Cars, computers, and iPhones are all examples of which of the following?
A)high culture
B)material culture
C)norms
D)nonmaterial culture
Answer: B
Q3) Technology refers to knowledge people use to make a way of life in their surroundings.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Society
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Q1) Marx called those who own and operate factories and other businesses in pursuit of profits
A)proletarians.
B)peasants.
C)capitalists.
D)burghers.
Q2) In terms of social inequality, agrarian societies generally
A)have much more inequality than less productive societal types.
B)have about the same amount of social inequality as less productive societal types.
C)have less social inequality than less productive societal types.
D)come very close to being egalitarian societies.
Q3) In the socialist society Marx hoped to see, which of the following would be true?
A)Capitalists would pay fair wages to workers.
B)Class conflict would no longer exist.
C)All people would do the same work.
D)Factory technology would be abolished.
Q4) How does Durkheim's concept of anomie differ from
Q5) What importance did Karl Marx attach to social conflict between classes?
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Chapter 5: Socialization
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Q1) The focus of Lawrence Kohlberg's research was A)cognition.
B)the importance of gender in socialization.
C)moral reasoning.
D)All of these are correct.
Q2) Why is defining adulthood difficult for people living in the United States?
Q3) Lawrence Kohlberg claims that individuals develop the capacity for moral reasoning in stages as they grow older.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Looking at childhood in global perspective, we find that A)childhood is a time of play and learning everywhere.
B)rich societies extend childhood much longer than do poor societies.
C)poor societies extend childhood much longer than do rich societies.
D)biological immaturity is the main factor that defines childhood.
Q5) Mead's concepts of the "I" and the "me" are close parallels of Freud's concepts of the id and the superego.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Explain Erik Erikson's theory of socialization as a lifelong process.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Social Interaction in Everyday Life
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Q1) Explain Erving Goffman's ideas on the presentation of self.What are the elements of "presentations?" For example, how does a college professor engage in a scripted presentation of self to a class? What about a professor's office? What features of the office are used to convey information to an observer?
Q2) Which concept refers to the tension among roles connected to a single status?
A)role conflict
B)role strain
C)role ambiguity
D)role exit
Q3) Read through the box titled "Managing Feelings: Women's Abortion Experiences" on
Q4) People create reality through their social interaction.
A)True
B)False
Q5) In general, how much power someone possesses has little to do with that person's claims regarding personal space.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Explain the basic approach called dramaturgical analysis.From this point of view, explain how we engage in the "presentation of self."
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Groups and Organizations
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Sample Questions
Q1) In principle, bureaucratic organizations pay little attention to A)formal policies.
B)completing tasks efficiently. C)tradition.
D)the technical competence of members.
Q2) Stanley Milgram's research, in which subjects used a "shock generator," showed A)people become angry when others disagree with them.
B)the ability to withstand pain varies with cultural background.
C)people are surprisingly likely to follow the orders of not only real authority figures but also groups of ordinary individuals.
D)that ordinary people are surprisingly independent in their judgments.
Q3) What type of leaders downplay their own power, letting group members function more or less on their own?
A)authoritarian leaders
B)democratic leaders
C)laissez-faire leaders
D)instrumental leaders
Q4) Based on your understanding of this chapter, discuss
Q5) What are the important differences between primary and secondary groups?
Page 9
Q6) What are the differences between categories and social groups?
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Chapter 8: Sexuality and Society
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Sample Questions
Q1) In 2004, about what percentage of U.S.adults claimed homosexuality is "always wrong" or "almost always wrong"?
A)almost 100 percent
B)about 55 percent
C)20 percent
D)5 percent
Q2) Is it possible for a society to exist without clear-cut categories of "female" and "male"? If so, describe what such a society would be like.If not, explain why not.
Q3) The structural-functional approach highlights patterns of inequality that are linked to sexuality.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Why would societies seek to control human sexuality? Why would some societies be more permissive than others?
Q5) Despite the widespread image of "swinging singles," married people have sex with their partners more often than singles do.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: Deviance
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Sample Questions
Q1) State four ways in which, according to Emile Durkheim, deviance is functional for society as a whole.
Q2) Both Albert Cohen and Walter Miller argue that deviance is most likely to arise among
A)high-income males.
B)middle-class men and women.
C)low-income youths.
D)all class levels.
Q3) Read the following four statements about the social foundations of deviance.Select the one statement that is FALSE.
A)Deviance exists only in relation to cultural norms.
B)There are many acts that are always deviant everywhere.
C)People become deviant as others define them that way.
D)What the norms are and how people apply them involve social power.
Q4) The stigma of deviance can encourage an individual to engage in further deviance. A)True
B)False
Q5) What are several criticisms made by feminism of the way our society understands deviance?
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Chapter 10: Social Stratification
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Q1) When Marx argued that capitalism "reproduces the class structure," he meant that A)it is really ordinary people who create social inequality.
B)society operates and carries class differences from one generation to the next.
C)class differences are the same throughout human history.
D)society could never abolish class inequality.
Q2) Social stratification is a concept that refers to A)specialization in productive work.
B)ranking categories of people in a hierarchy.
C)the idea that some people are more talented than others.
D)All of these are correct.
Q3) Weber agreed with Marx that a socialist revolution would result in complete social equality.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Karl Marx claimed that social stratification in high-income nations, such as the Great Britain and the United States, reflect a capitalist economy.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What is status consistency? Give an example.
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Chapter 11: Social Class in the United States
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Q1) Explain the 1996 welfare reform.What were the reasons for the changes? How did assistance programs change? What about limits on eligibility? Is it correct to say that welfare rolls have decreased? What about poverty?
Q2) In 2009, about what share of the U.S.population was officially counted as poor?
A)4.3 percent
B)14.3 percent
C)54.3 percent (REMEMBER;
D)34.3 percent
Q3) In the United States, an increasing percentage of the poor are
A)single women and their children.
B)married couples with children.
C)single men.
D)people working two jobs.
Q4) Hispanic families, on average, lag behind non-Hispanic white families in both income and wealth.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Using what you know about the distribution of income in the United States, why is it incorrect to say that we live in a "middle-class society"?
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Chapter 12: Global Stratification
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Q1) While modernization theory focuses on _____, dependency theory focuses on
A)poor nations; rich nations
B)the future; the past
C)production of wealth; distribution of wealth
D)All of these are correct.
Q2) About how many people in the world die each year due to starvation?
A)50,000
B)500,000
C)1 million
D)9 million
Q3) Modernization theory was created as a criticism of U.S.foreign policy.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In middle-income nations, average personal income is in the range of
A)$250 and $1,000.
B)$1,000 and $2,500.
C)$2,500 and $10,000.
D)$10,000 and $25,000.
Q5) What is the difference between relative poverty and absolute poverty? Which is a more dangerous type of poverty? Why?
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Chapter 13: Gender Stratification
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Sample Questions
Q1) Liberal feminism seeks the elimination of gender itself.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In which of the following job categories are the workers mostly women?
A)physicians
B)corporate managers
C)college professors
D)elementary school teachers
Q3) Today, women represent ______ of all students on college campuses across the United States.
A)37 percent
B)57 percent
C)77 percent
D)97 percent
Q4) Which of the following statements about gender and schooling is correct?
A)Boys are more likely than girls to be diagnosed with a learning disability.
B)More boys than girls are placed in special education classes.
C)Most disciplinary problems in schools involve boys.
D)All of these are correct.
Q5) What criticism would feminists make of the current membership of our Congress?
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Race and Ethnicity
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the "trend toward mixture" in terms of race in the United States?
Q2) Today, about how many immigrants come to the United States, both legally and illegally, each year?
A)130,000
B)1.3 million
C)13 million
D)130 million
Q3) Do you think that U.S.society is pluralistic? Provide specific data in support of your assessment.
Q4) In the United States, minorities typically have less A)income.
B)occupational prestige.
C)schooling.
D)All of these are correct.
Q5) What is racism? Provide examples of racism in history.
Q6) People of Chinese ancestry were the first Asian Americans to come to the United States and they remain the largest in terms of population.
A)True
B)False
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Aging and the Elderly
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Q1) In today's society, most deaths occur in
A)impersonal settings such as nursing homes.
B)the homes of people's children.
C)a person's own home.
D)a hospice.
Q2) With advancing age, older people notice
A)loss of height and weight.
B)less keen sensory abilities, including taste, sight, and hearing.
C)that minor injuries take longer to heal.
D)All of these are correct.
Q3) In the United States, males typically outlive females.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The concept of "gerontology" refers to
A)estimating people's life expectancy.
B)a medical specialty dealing with old people.
C)the study of aging and the elderly.
D)a treatment that restores vitality to seniors.
Q5) What is age stratification? What is a gerontocracy?
Q6) Why is social isolation a greater problem for aging women than aging men?
Page 17
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Chapter 16: The Economy and Work
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Q1) The economy first became a distinct social institution during which historical stage of technological development?
A)hunting and gathering societies
B)agrarian societies
C)industrial societies
D)postindustrial societies
Q2) The use of computers by workers tends to limit workplace interaction.
A)True
B)False
Q3) How do capitalism and socialism differ in overall productivity? What about economic inequality?
Q4) The United States is a mostly capitalist nation because
A)the vast majority of productive businesses are privately owned.
B)we have a system of free elections.
C)of our high living standards.
D)of the extensive government control of the economy.
Q5) The invention of the corporation is generally taken as the point at which a postindustrial society emerged.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 17: Politics and Government
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Q1) In general, high-income people tend to be _____ on social issues and _____ on economic issues.
A)conservative; conservative
B)liberal; liberal
C)liberal; conservative
D)conservative; liberal
Q2) What have sociologists learned about the causes and character of war? That is, why do nations go to war? What strategies seem to be able to prevent war? Finally, how is terrorism a new form of twenty-first century warfare?
Q3) Politics is a social institution that is defined in terms of a society's
A)distribution of power, goals, and decision making.
B)technology.
C)income distribution.
D)means of production.
Q4) Democracy and rational-legal authority are linked, just as monarchy and traditional authority are linked.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What are the three types of authority identified by Weber?
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Chapter 18: Families
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Q1) David Popenoe's research suggests that the weakest families on Earth may be found in:
A)the United States.
B)Japan.
C)Sweden.
D)Great Britain.
Q2) David Popenoe's research suggests that the weakest families on Earth may be found in
A)the United States.
B)Japan.
C)Sweden.
D)Great Britain.
Q3) People include as "kin" others to whom they are linked by A)ancestry.
B)marriage.
C)adoption.
D)All of these are correct.
Q4) Why do more of U.S.households contain a single person?
Q5) In what specific ways does social class affect families and family life?
Q6) How does the nuclear family differ from the extended family?
Page 20
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Chapter 19: Religion
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Q1) State churches are found in societies that hold to the "separation of church and state."
A)True
B)False
Q2) Do you think that a society could exist without any conception of religion? In his song, Imagine, John Lennon claimed that a society without religion would be a paradise.Try to describe how such a society would deal with questions of ultimate meaning and purpose.Explain why you think Lennon was right or wrong.
Q3) Faith is a way of knowing based on
A)scientific research.
B)human senses.
C)cultural common sense.
D)conviction or belief in things unseen.
Q4) What is Max Weber's thesis regarding Protestantism and the rise of capitalism?
Q5) Buddhists are a majority of people in which of the following countries?
A)India
B)Saudi Arabia
C)Japan
D)Canada
Q6) How are each of these types of religious organizations distinctive:
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Chapter 20: Education
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Q1) Which of the following is a latent function of schooling?
A)ensuring some common culture
B)teaching about the U.S.way of life
C)providing child-care
D)teaching job skills
Q2) What are four societal functions of schooling?
Q3) Children in the United States spend only about 13 percent of their waking hours in school.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Providing schooling is one way our society increases equality of opportunity.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Based on the work by Theodore Sizer, what are five consequences of bureaucracy in U.S.schools?
Q6) Most private schools in the United States are "prep schools" that typically enroll children of well-to-do families.
A)True
B)False
Q7) Write an essay in which you demonstrate that schooling
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Chapter 21: Health and Medicine
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Q1) "Type A personalities," which are linked to masculinity, are harmful to human health.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In which of the following nations is almost all medical care under the control of government?
A)China
B)Great Britain
C)Japan
D)the United States
Q3) Use the case of eating disorders or obesity as the focus of an essay that explains why health and illness are correctly understood as societal and cultural issues as much as they are medical issues.
Q4) What do we know about the problem of obesity in the United States that shows this to be a social and cultural issue?
Q5) What is the contribution to understanding health and medicine made by each of sociology's three major theoretical approaches? Apply the structural-functional, symbolic-interaction, and social-conflict approaches in turn.Do they agree on any points?
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Chapter 22: Population, Urbanization, and Environment
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Q1) "Zero population growth" refers to cases in which no more people are born.
A)True
B)False
Q2) State the basic idea of the "logic of growth" thesis.Provide a critical assessment of this thesis.
Q3) In medieval cities of Europe, what was found at the city's center?
A)a central business district
B)the ghetto
C)government buildings
D)the cathedral
Q4) Which of the following four statements about migration is NOT true?
A)Migration can be voluntary or involuntary.
B)Movement into a territory is called immigration.
C)Movement out of a territory is called emigration.
D)Migration has little or no effect on population size.
Q5) In the United States, the birth rate is currently
A)at the replacement level.
B)below the replacement level.
C)slightly above the replacement level.
D)well above the replacement level.
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Chapter 23: Collective Behavior and Social Movements
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Q1) What are three reasons that collective behavior is difficult to study?
Q2) What is a "panic"? What is a "moral panic"
Q3) Fashion and fads, riots, crowds, mass hysteria, and public opinion are all types of collective behavior.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What are three reasons that collective behavior is difficult to study?
Q5) Kai Erikson claims that, as serious as many disasters are, they usually are over quickly.
A)True
B)False
Q6) An example of the importance of gender in social movements is the fact that A)few women are interested in most public issues.
B)men have taken most leadership roles in U.S.social movements.
C)men tend to avoid participation in social movements.
D)women typically have taken leadership roles in U.S.social movements.
Q7) Social movements rarely bring about significant social change.
A)True
B)False
Page 25
Q8) Define "fashion" and "fad" so that their differences are clear.
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Chapter 24: Social Change: Traditional
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Q1) Karl Marx claimed that conflict between classes had the effect of preventing social change.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In a sentence or two, what is the basic idea behind mass-society theory? What is one criticism of this theory?
Q3) Sociologists explain that the consequences of social change are
A)always positive.
B)always negative.
C)usually both positive and negative.
D)impossible to assess.
Q4) Social change results from invention, discovery, and cultural diffusion.
A)True
B)False
Q5) In global perspective, we see that some societies change but others do not.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Explain Emile Durkheim's point in saying that modern society is characterized by "organic solidarity."
Q7) What are four key characteristics of the process of social change?
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