Sociology for Education Majors
Midterm Exam
Course Introduction
This course introduces education majors to the fundamental concepts, theories, and methods of sociology, with a focus on understanding the interplay between society and educational systems. Students explore topics such as socialization, inequality, cultural diversity, and the impact of social institutions on education. The course examines how factors like race, class, gender, and policy shape educational experiences and outcomes, providing future educators with a sociological lens to critically analyze and address challenges within schools and communities. Through case studies and discussion, students develop practical insights for fostering equity and inclusion in educational settings.
Recommended Textbook
Essentials of Sociology 4th Edition by Anthony Giddens
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16 Chapters
1239 Verified Questions
1239 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Sociology: Theory and Method
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the first step of the sociological research process?
A)defining the research problem
B)making the problem precise
C)reviewing the evidence
D)carrying out the research
E)working out a design
Answer: A
Q2) Sociologists recognize that "personal" troubles,if occurring in patterned ways,to large numbers of individuals,reflect important __________ or consequences of social structures.
A)public issues
B)individualized problems
C)interest groups
D)social milieus
E)family values
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Culture and Society
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Sample Questions
Q1) Alice stole a bit of money from her friend Rosa to buy groceries.Rosa finds out and angrily chastises Alice for her behavior.What does this exchange demonstrate?
A)labeling theory
B)socialism
C)reinforcement of norms
D)a deviant career
E)mutual exchange
Answer: C
Q2) According to the text,the sociological study of culture began with which theorist?
A)Margaret Mead
B)Karl Marx
C)Émile Durkheim
D)Max Weber
E)Adam Smith
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Socialization, the Life Course, and Aging
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Sample Questions
Q1) Socialization is the process by which members of society learn the norms and values of society from their elders,thereby allowing the society to __________ over time.
A)socially reproduce itself
B)drastically change itself
C)have conflict among the generations
D)biologically reproduce itself
E)stagnate
Answer: A
Q2) Functionalists argue that social roles:
A)have changed little in the last 500 years
B)are related to social power
C)are the same in all societies
D)are in a constant state of change
E)are fixed and unchanging
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Social Interaction and Everyday Life in the Age of the Internet
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Sample Questions
Q1) Using the concept of regionalization,explain how time and space shaped your social activities and interactions in the last 24 hours.
Q2) The sociologist Carol Brooks Gardner linked the harassment of women by men to the larger system of male privilege in public spaces,women's physical vulnerability,and the omnipresent threat of rape.Her analysis of these interactions shows the importance of linking __________ and __________ to understand social interaction.
A)microsociology; discrimination
B)harassment; violence
C)norms; actions
D)microsociology; macrosociology
E)macrosociology; privilege
Q3) Response cries,according to Erving Goffman,are an example of what he calls:
A)human overreaction
B)universal responses
C)getting others to feel sorry for one's failures
D)controlled alertness
E)rapid communication
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Chapter 5: Groups, Networks, and Organizations
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Sample Questions
Q1) How do the studies conducted by Solomon Asch,Stanley Milgram,and Irving Janis help us understand conformity? Pick one of these studies and explain how you think you would have responded as a subject in the study.
Q2) Reference groups provide us with:
A)the ability to be concerned with accomplishing a task
B)strict conformity to rigid organizational structures
C)the impersonal anonymity of modern life
D)a standard for judging our attitudes and behaviors
E)an organizational system by which to judge the behaviors of others
Q3) According to Max Weber,which of the following is difficult to achieve in a rigid bureaucratic organization?
A)efficiency
B)rationality
C)compliance
D)innovation
E)all of the above
Q4) Explain how the Internet affects social relationships and social networks.Explain how it can have both a positive and a negative impact.
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Chapter 6: Conformity, Deviance, and Crime
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which factor was NOT mentioned in your textbook as contributing to the decline of crime rates in the 1990s?
A)aggressive law enforcement
B)a declining market for crack cocaine
C)the stigmatization of crack among young urban dwellers
D)the booming economy of the 1990s
E)changes in welfare laws
Q2) Which of the following disciplines does NOT place the source of deviant behavior within an individual?
A)neuroscience
B)genetics
C)biology
D)psychology
E)sociology
Q3) What is the biological view of deviance? What are some of the weaknesses of this approach?
Q4) Compare and contrast labeling theory with the new criminology perspective.Which theory do you think better explains crime? Explain.
Q5) Discuss the ways in which deviance is functional.Give examples.
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Chapter 7: Stratification, Class, and Inequality
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Sample Questions
Q1) When sociologists examine how far an individual moves up or down the socioeconomic scale in his or her lifetime,they are studying:
A)optimal mobility
B)intergenerational mobility
C)life change
D)intragenerational mobility
E)pangenerational mobility
Q2) Although official estimates show that relatively few elderly people live in poverty,these statistics may not be accurate because:
A)they do not consider the large number of elderly people who go hungry
B)they do not consider the large number of elderly people who live alone
C)they do not consider the high cost of medical care
D)they do not consider the high cost of rent
E)they do not consider the high number of social services used by the elderly
Q3) Why do sociologists say we are seeing "the feminization of poverty"? Which social groups are most likely to be represented among poor women? How has this affected the number and percentage of children living in poverty in the United States?
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Chapter 8: Global Inequality
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Sample Questions
Q1) James lives in a country that has a mostly agricultural economy and has only recently begun to industrialize.He lives in a __________ country.
A)high-income
B)highly homogenous
C)middle-income
D)complete hunter-gatherer
E)low-income
Q2) Salvatore studies the debate around universal healthcare in the United States.He prefers economic theories that suggest that the best possible outcomes in healthcare happen when the government does not interfere in economic decisions.Lorenzo prefers what theory or set of theories?
A)dependency theories
B)state-centered theories
C)world-systems theory
D)modernization theory
E)market-oriented theories
Q3) Famine and hunger are caused by both natural and social forces.What are some of the social forces that cause hunger,malnutrition,and starvation?
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Chapter 9: Gender Inequality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss Talcott Parsons's view of the family.What criticisms have been made about his analysis? What is your position?
Q2) In 2009,the ratio of women's to men's earnings among full-time,year-round workers was:
A)52.3 percent
B)62.4 percent
C)72.2 percent
D)82.1 percent
E)92.3 percent
Q3) Which type of feminism would be most likely to reject the statement "sisterhood is universal"?
A)liberal feminism
B)radical feminism
C)black feminism
D)Parsonian functionalism
E)Marxist feminism
Q4) Using the !Kung of the Kalahari Desert,the bacha posh in Afghanistan,and the nádleehí in Navajo culture as support,discuss how gender can be seen as a social construction.
Q5) What criticisms do black feminists make about the feminist movement?
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Chapter 10: Ethnicity and Race
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Sample Questions
Q1) The United States has elected a total of __________ black senators in the past and present.
A)0
B)3
C)30
D)150
E)300
Q2) What is the difference between prejudice and discrimination? Is discrimination always preceded by prejudice?
Q3) Explain the persistence of racial and ethnic inequality in the United States.Refer specifically to the perspectives of Robert Blauner,William Julius Wilson,and Douglas Massey and Nancy A.Denton in your response.Which perspective do you think best explains the persistence of racial and ethnic inequality in the United States? Explain.
Q4) By 2010,the number of migrants worldwide was estimated at nearly:
A)21 million
B)82 million
C)126 million
D)171 million
E)214 million
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Chapter 11: Families and Intimate Relationships
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT a trend related to cohabiting?
A)Increasing numbers of people are cohabiting.
B)The number of cohabiters who eventually marry is increasing.
C)An increasing proportion of babies born out of wedlock are born to cohabiting couples.
D)Young children are more likely than ever before to live with parents who are cohabiting but who are not legally married to each another.
E)Cohabitation as an alternative to marriage is increasing in northern European countries.
Q2) A family system in which the husband is expected to live near the wife's parents is called a:
A)matrilocal family
B)patrilocal family
C)neolocal family
D)polygamous family
E)polyandrous family
Q3) According to Andrew Cherlin,what are the effects of divorce on children?
Q4) According to Kathryn Edin and Maria Kefalas,why do low-income women continue to have children out of wedlock,when they can hardly afford to do so?
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Chapter 12: Education and Religion
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Sample Questions
Q1) __________ is one of the oldest human institutions.
A)School
B)The nation-state
C)Large-scale private property
D)Taxation
E)Religion
Q2) Kristine believes that as a Christian,she belongs to a group of people who are destined to bring the United States under God's rule as a Christian country.Her ideas are a form of:
A)secularism
B)humanism
C)religious nationalism
D)Marxism
E)Christian anarchism
Q3) The term school has its origins in a Greek word meaning:
A)"leisure" or "recreation"
B)"mastery"
C)"craftmanship and hard work"
D)"accounting"
E)"public service"
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Chapter 13: Politics and Economic Life
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Sample
Questions
Q1) According to the text,what upset protesting Wisconsin state workers the most about the passage of the Budget Repair Bill?
A)the reduction of health benefits for many workers
B)the elimination of pensions for retired workers
C)the fact that it was signed by a Republican governor
D)the inclusion of large increases in state workers' contributions to their own pension plans
E)the efforts to limit their ability to engage in collective bargaining
Q2) According to the text,all of the following factors help sociologists to explain why some people find it more difficult to find employment than others EXCEPT:
A)their race or ethnic background
B)their age
C)the industry they work in
D)the geographic region they live in
E)the number of children they have
Q3) What are the main features of capitalism?
Q4) According to the text,why is voter turnout so low in the United States?
Q5) What is a welfare state? Can the United States be classified as a welfare state?
Q6) Explain the three different forms of democracy.
Page 15
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Chapter 14: The Sociology of the Body: Health, Illness, and Sexuality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Kevin is a ten-year-old American boy who lives in a poor neighborhood and suffers from childhood obesity.Which of the following factors is LEAST likely to be responsible for his condition?
A)playing video games excessively
B)watching too much television
C)a lack of healthy food choices at school and home
D)living in an impoverished society where food is scarce
E)drinking too many sugary drinks
Q2) Mathilda is morbidly obese.She regularly has problems interacting with her family,friends,and strangers due to the stereotypes that abound regarding her illness.She even lost a job once because she could no longer accept the degrading comments made by her coworkers and boss regarding what they perceived as her moral failings for being so obese.What term would sociologists use to refer to her obesity since it is devalued and labeled by society as undesirable?
A)a disadvantage
B)a stigma
C)a dogma
D)a relativity
E)a sick role
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Chapter 15: Urbanization, Population, and the Environment
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Sample Questions
Q1) The central area of a city that is distinct from the outlying suburban areas is called:
A)midtown
B)the inner city
C)the business district
D)the intra-city
E)none of the above
Q2) Today more than __________ of the American population lives in metropolitan areas.
A)95 percent
B)80 percent
C)50 percent
D)10 percent
E)30 percent
Q3) Discuss urban ecology and urbanism- the two approaches to understanding urban life that were developed by the Chicago School.How have contributions by new researchers,such as Jane Jacobs,David Harvey,and Manuel Castells,added to or replaced these earlier ideas?
Q4) Why is rural America on the decline? Explain at least two problems facing rural America today.
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Chapter 16: Globalization in a Changing World
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which term has been used to describe the new society that is no longer based on industrialism?
A)information society
B)service society
C)knowledge society
D)all of the above
E)none of the above
Q2) According to globalization "skeptics," compared with patterns of trade a century ago:
A)the world economy has not changed much
B)the world economy is more global and less regionalized
C)the world economy is less global and more regionalized
D)there is less trade because there are too many different types of currency
E)there is less trade because of difficulties communicating because of the many languages spoken around the world
Q3) According to Ulrich Beck,globalization brings about a "risk society." Explain a "risk society" and the kinds of risks that are being "manufactured." What specific risks are you most concerned about? Why?
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