Sociology 101 Mock Exam
Course Introduction
Sociology 101 introduces students to the systematic study of society, social relationships, and social institutions. This foundational course explores key sociological theories, concepts, and research methods, illuminating how culture, socialization, group dynamics, and social structures shape human behavior and societal outcomes. Topics include social inequality, race and ethnicity, gender, family, education, crime and deviance, and social change. Through critical analysis and discussion, students gain a deeper understanding of the forces that influence social life and develop the skills necessary to critically evaluate social issues in contemporary society.
Recommended Textbook
Introduction to Sociology 9th Edition by Anthony Giddens
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Page 2
Chapter 1: What Is Sociology?
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which is NOT associated with the concept of anomie?
A) being disconnected from modern social life
B) a feeling of despair
C) a feeling of aimlessness
D) a form of control of morality
E) a feeling that one's life lacks meaning
Answer: D
Q2) Socialization is the lifelong process through which we learn all of the following EXCEPT:
A) socially acceptable behavior
B) our genetic potential
C) social norms
D) distinct sense of self
E) cultural values
Answer: B
Q3) Microsociology and macrosociology depend on one another.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Asking And Answering Sociological Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) A researcher will survey college students concerning their attitudes toward lowering the legal drinking age to 18.Which of the following is a good research hypothesis?
A) Students under age 21 will be more supportive of lowering the drinking age than students 21 and older.
B) Opinions toward lowering the drinking age will not affect legislation.
C) Most college students will be in favor of lowering the drinking age to 18.
D) A majority of college students have consumed alcohol before age 21.
E) Lowering the drinking age to 18 will lead to fewer arrests for underage drinking.
Answer: A
Q2) The median is the midpoint of a range of values.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) By employing the method of ethnography,sociologists are able to study large,complex groups and/or societies.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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4
Chapter 3: Culture And Society
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Sample Questions
Q1) Hunting and gathering societies had the highest level of economic inequality.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Assimilation is the process by which different cultures are absorbed into a single mainstream culture.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) One of the main factors explaining why Chinese students excel on standardized tests but lag behind in creativity is a cultural tradition emphasizing:
A) cooperation
B) manual labor
C) memorization and rote learning
D) obedience to authority
E) poor work ethic
Answer: C
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Socialization And The Life Cycle
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Q1) According to Nancy Chodorow's theory of gender development,women are instinctively more sympathetic,sensitive,and compassionate than men.
A)True
B)False
Q2) formalized peer groups in small traditional cultures are known as:
A) age grades
B) socializing groups
C) peer groups
D) peer grades
E) social grades
Q3) Young adulthood seems increasingly to be a stage in personal and sexual development in modern societies,particularly among affluent groups.Which is NOT evidence offered in the text in support of this idea?
A) Young adults are taking time to travel.
B) Young adults are exploring sexuality.
C) Young adults are exploring political ideologies.
D) Young adults are exploring religions.
E) Young adults are more socially conservative than prior generations.
Q4) Is the Internet an agency of socialization? If so,in what ways? If not,why not?
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Chapter 5: Social Interaction And Everyday Life In The Age
Of The Internet
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Q1) What is civic inattention,how does it function in daily social life,and what are three examples of how we now use electronic media in public to help our performance of civic inattention?
Q2) Harold Garfinkel developed "ethnomethodology," which is the study of ethnic and racial difference in verbal and nonverbal conversational expressions.
A)True B)False
Q3) Describe a situation in which you have engaged in both unfocused and focused interaction with others.Discuss the encounter from beginning to end,making sure to employ the appropriate terms used by Erving Goffman and other sociologists to analyze such situations.
Q4) How are gender and racial hierarchies sustained in interaction? Give two examples for each.
Q5) Erving Goffman and other social interactionists brought to sociology the idea that humans possess a self that is fragile and vulnerable to embarrassment at every turn. A)True B)False
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Chapter 6: Groups, networks, and Organizations
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Q1) Michel foucault showed that the physical architecture occupied by an organization reflects its:
A) level of debt
B) age
C) system of authority
D) gender distribution of its employees
E) location within a city or rural setting
Q2) Compare the research findings of Soloman Asch and Stanley Milgram regarding conformity.Why did the subjects respond the way they did in each of these studies?
Q3) People who share common characteristics make up a:
A) social network
B) social group
C) social category
D) social aggregate
E) society
Q4) The higher a person's position in an organization,the more that person's behavior is under surveillance according to Michel foucault.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 7: Conformity, deviance, and Crime
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Q1) How might reintegrative shaming work to rehabilitate an offender in the United States?
A) It locks the offender in a permanent state of shame.
B) It lets the defender deny any wrongdoing.
C) It processes the shame in the offender in such a way that social bonds between the offender and the community can be rebuilt.
D) It stigmatizes the offenders such that they will be much more fearful of committing another crime.
E) Shaming would not work in an individualistic society like the United States.
Q2) Ted Kaczynski (the Unabomber)engaged in a mail bombing spree that spanned nearly 20 years,killing three people and injuring 23 others.In 1971,he moved to a remote cabin in Montana without electricity or running water where he lived as a recluse.Utilizing Robert K.Merton's functionalist framework,Kaczynski could be classified as a(n):
A) conformist
B) innovator
C) rebel
D) retreatist
E) ritualist
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Chapter 8: Stratification, class, and Inequality
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Q1) Compare and contrast Marx's theory of stratification with that of Weber.Which theory do you think best explains stratification in the United States?
Q2) During the twentieth century,the real income of blue-collar workers in Western societies _______________ overall,although it has _______________ in the past 20 years.
A) stayed the same; dropped significantly B) increased significantly; dropped C) increased significantly; increased only slightly D) decreased significantly; increased E) decreased slightly; increased significantly
Q3) Annette Lareau's research found that working-class children raised in the "development of natural growth" model were more successful in school than children raised in the "concerted cultivation" style.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The American upper class lost the highest percentage of wealth of any social class during the Great Recession.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: Global Inequality
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Q1) Which of the following best describes the health conditions in high- and low-income countries?
A) Although the services available in high-income countries are more accessible, the life expectancy is similar in both groups.
B) Infant mortality is more than 10 times higher in low-income countries.
C) The AIDS epidemic has ravaged both groups of countries equally and placed a serious strain on their resources.
D) Conditions have worsened in high- and low-income countries as more government resources are spent on the military.
E) All of the above.
Q2) Which type of theorist would argue that a low-income society can develop if people give up their traditional ways and adopt modern economic institutions,technologies,and values?
A) world systems
B) dependent development
C) neoliberalism
D) modernization
E) state centered
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Chapter 10: Gender Inequality
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Q1) The policy that would pay employees based on the worth of their work rather than the personal characteristics of the majority of workers in that job is called:
A) radical feminism
B) comparable worth
C) black feminism
D) sex segregation
E) gender typing
Q2) In 2010,women held 96% of the jobs in which of the following occupations?
A) secretary
B) college professor
C) taxi driver
D) lawyer
E) family practice physician
Q3) Discuss the influence of nature and nurture in the formation of gender identities.What are the arguments that biology primarily shapes gender? What are the sociological views on gender socialization? Summarize your conclusions about this fundamental question regarding gender.
Q4) Compare and contrast gender roles in your country with those among (a)the !Kung or (b)the "bacha posh" in Afghanistan.
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Chapter 11: Ethnicity And Race
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Q1) Dispersal of an ethnic population from an original homeland into foreign areas often in a forced way or under traumatic circumstances is known as:
A) genocide
B) assimilation
C) pluralism
D) diaspora
E) emigration
Q2) The majority of immigrants to the United States prior to 1965 was from _______________; since 1965,the majority has been from _______________.
A) Asia; Asia
B) Europe; Europe
C) Latin America; Europe and Asia
D) Europe; Latin America and Asia
E) Asia; Haiti
Q3) An individual must be prejudiced in order to discriminate.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Characterize the current immigration debate.What is your position? Provide evidence to support this position.
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Chapter 12: Aging
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Q1) Why is it easier for an aged,divorced,or widowed male to find a mate than it is for an aged,divorced,or widowed female?
A) A sex ratio imbalance begins at birth in our society.
B) Women do not like to date men who have already been married.
C) The male's pool of potential partners would probably include mates that are many years younger.
D) A man's sexual peak occurs later than a woman's.
E) Aged, divorced, or widowed females segregate themselves from society at large, while males do not.
Q2) The theory advocating that both society and people who are elderly can benefit if people who are elderly remain actively engaged in work and other social roles as long as they can is:
A) Talcott Parsons's functionalism theory
B) disengagement theory
C) activity theory
D) conflict theory
E) third-generation theory
Q3) How can the lifelong learning needs of a graying population best be met?
Q4) Discuss in detail the meaning of the phrase "the graying of America."
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Chapter 13: Government, political Power, and Social Movements
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Q1) What is the connection between globalization,nationalism,and social movements today?
Q2) Of the types of rights associated with the growth of citizenship,the term that refers to the right to take part in such things as elections and running for office is:
A) social right
B) political right
C) civil right
D) left right
E) right right
Q3) Discuss the three types of rights that develop with the growth of citizenship.Explain how such rights are manifested in your country.
Q4) According to Karl Marx,the primary factor in social change is:
A) free will
B) class struggle
C) a great man
D) hate
E) revolution
Q5) How have the latest communication technologies helped to promote democracy around the world?
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Chapter 14: Work And Economic Life
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Q1) The parts of the U.S.economy in which the entrepreneur is still common are:
A) government agencies
B) small firms
C) big corporations
D) grocery stores
E) clothing stores
Q2) The global shopping mall has affordable products from around the world,and people from all socioeconomic backgrounds make their purchases there.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Americans spend more time at work than do citizens of other advanced industrial countries.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Work possesses little social significance.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What are the characteristics of post-fordism? Discuss its advantages and disadvantages.
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Chapter 15: Families and Intimate Relations
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Q1) Of the following,it is true about same-sex marriages that they:
A) are legal in most states in the United States
B) are legal in most countries in the world.
C) have experienced increasing support in the United States and abroad
D) are not legal in any other country besides the United States
E) have decreasing support in the United States
Q2) Although it is most common for young people to leave home to begin an independent life,in previous generations,young people left home:
A) to avoid domestic violence
B) because their parents evicted them
C) to get married
D) following their parents' divorce
E) when the youngest sibling started college
Q3) Mexican American families primarily live in multigenerational households.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Monogamy is the most common form of marriage in the world as a whole.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Explain the relationship between cohabitation and divorce.
Page 17
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Chapter 16: Education
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Sample Questions
Q1) In 1990,Jeannie Oakes found that students placed in the "low-achieving" group-mostly African American,Latino,and poor students-as a result received an education that was:
A) somewhat better than their "high-achieving" peers
B) equal to their "high-achieving" peers
C) poorer than their "high-achieving" peers
D) much better than their "high-achieving" peers
E) none of the above; she found no effect at all
Q2) The achievement gap is primarily related to differences in IQ.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A major legacy of colonialism in the developing world is the high level of:
A) literacy
B) illiteracy
C) primary education
D) income
E) wealth
Q4) How are the development and expansion of public education tied to the needs of an industrializing and urbanizing society?
Q5) What is information poverty? Provide concrete examples to support your answer.
Page 18
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Chapter 17: Religion In Modern Society
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss the historical role of women in religious organizations.How is the status of women in other social institutions related to their status in religion? Base your essay on specific historical references.
Q2) According to your text,religious movements pass through several phases of development.The first phases,according to Max Weber,involve charismatic leaders.Some other characteristics of this type of leader is that they:
A) are passive and caring
B) have the ability to capture people's imagination and the devotion of followers.
C) have strong convictions and the ability to articulate these convictions in writing
D) are well educated with significant financial support
E) are interested in integrating a variety of religious tenets and aggressively pursue followers
Q3) When sociologists study religion,are they concerned with proving or disproving any particular belief system? What else may they be concerned with? How do sociologists study religion?
Q4) Apply the religious economy approach to the televangelist phenomenon.
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Page 19
Chapter 18: The Sociology Of The Body: Health,illness,and Sexuality
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Q1) In general,active lesbian and gay social movements thrive in countries that emphasize collectivity over individual rights.
A)True
B)False
Q2) There is a social-class gradient in obesity in our society because:
A) high-fat food and supersized meals are cheaper and more accessible than more nutritious foods
B) upper-class individuals are more likely to smoke, and smoking suppresses the appetite
C) excessive frustration with social problems leads people to eat more
D) people in lower socioeconomic strata are less concerned with body image
E) low-income individuals tend to be less likely to take on physically demanding jobs than high-income individuals
Q3) Higher rates of sexual activity among teens are associated with those who have:
A) higher socioeconomic status
B) higher school performance
C) higher measures of intelligence
D) higher levels of "body pride"
E) higher levels of religiosity
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Chapter 19: Urbanization, population, and The Environment
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Q1) The first cities emerged about 3500 B.C.E.in the:
A) Nile River valley
B) central valley of Mexico
C) Chinese mainland
D) Andes mountains of Bolivia
E) Great Zimbabwe settlement
Q2) Most cities of the ancient world shared:
A) an outer wall that offered both military defense and separation from the countryside
B) a central area that was primarily a business district, much like cities today
C) an area on the perimeter or even outside the walls where the elite lived
D) religious temples that were usually in the countryside beyond the walls
E) an absence of ceremonial or political main buildings
Q3) Elijah Anderson found that gentrification generally improved conditions for the neighborhood's poorer residents.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Why is the environment a sociological issue? What will be required to make the transition from current processes of environmental degradation to sustainable development?
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Chapter 20: Globalization In A Changing World
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Q1) Transformationalists believe that globalization is a dynamic and open process that is subject to influence and change because:
A) it has been occurring for centuries and has been managed fairly successfully in the past
B) it is a decentralized, unpredictable, and contradictory process
C) multinational corporations will alter its patterns to serve their needs
D) regionalization will alter its dynamics
E) they believe in the end of linear history
Q2) Carla and Agula are friends in the international banking industry.They both travel frequently but keep in contact even when one is in London and the other is in Australia through phone calls,e-mail,instant messaging,and even faxing.This technology has the capacity to:
A) overcome cultural differences
B) link economic and cultural gains
C) overcome the move toward the service economy
D) create interdependence
E) compress time and space
Q3) What specific factors have influenced social change in the modern period? How have these changes affected the way we live today?
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Page 22