Sociology 101 Exam Review
Course Introduction
Sociology 101 introduces students to the systematic study of human society, social behavior, and social institutions. This course explores key concepts such as culture, socialization, social structure, groups, deviance, stratification, and social change. Students will examine the ways in which society influences individual actions and how individuals, in turn, shape society. Through analysis of current events, classic sociological theories, and research methods, the course provides foundational tools for understanding social dynamics in diverse communities and prepares students to think critically about the world around them.
Recommended Textbook
Society The Basics 12th Edition by John J. Macionis
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16 Chapters
2023 Verified Questions
2023 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Sociology: Perspective, theory, and Method
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201 Verified Questions
201 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which research method asks subjects to respond to a series of items on a questionnaire or in an interview?
A)secondary research
B)participant observation
C)an experiment
D)a survey
Answer: D
Q2) E.Digby Baltzell's historical study,Puritan Boston and Quaker Philadelphia,illustrates which research method?
A)the experiment
B)the survey
C)participant observation
D)existing sources
Answer: D
Q3) Sociologists use the term "social marginality" to refer to
A)people who have little understanding of sociology.
B)people who have special social skills.
C)people who are defined by others as an "outsider."
D)people who are especially sensitive about their family background.
Answer: C
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Chapter 2: Culture
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Sample Questions
Q1) People around the world have much the same outward appearance and wear the same clothing and bodily decoration.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Culture is the ways of thinking,ways of acting,and material objects that together form a people's way of life.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Core values of U.S.culture
A)always fit together easily.
B)change quickly,even from year to year.
C)are shared by absolutely everyone in a society.
D)are sometimes in conflict with one another.
Answer: D
Q4) Mores are norms that have great moral significance.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 3: Socialization: From Infancy to Old Age
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114 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Our basic drives or needs as humans are reflected in Freud's concept of the A)superego.
B)ego.
C)id.
D)me.
Answer: C
Q2) In the historical perspective,the importance of the mass media to the socialization process has
A)increased over time.
B)been about the same over the last century.
C)decreased over time.
D)never been very important.
Answer: A
Q3) Family is important to the socialization process because
A)family members are often what Mead called "significant others."
B)families pass along social identity to children in terms of class,ethnicity,and religion.
C)parents greatly affect a child's sense of self.
D)All of these responses are correct.
Answer: D
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Social Interaction in Everyday Life
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Sample Questions
Q1) Identify several ways gender affects personal performances.
Q2) In her study of women's abortion experiences,Jennifer Keys discovered that feelings are guided by
A)biological processes over which people have no control.
B)the inner self.
C)emotional scripts.
D)All of these responses are correct.
Q3) Humor is created when people
A)create and contrast two different realities.
B)say things that have no meaning at all.
C)contradict cultural patterns.
D)say things that offend others.
Q4) If a comedian cites few differences between conventional and unconventional social definitions of reality,then people will perceive a greater potential for humor.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Explain the basic approach called dramaturgical analysis.From this point of view,explain how we engage in the "presentation of self."
Q6) What is nonverbal communication? How do people use it in everyday life?
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Groups and Organizations
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which type of formal organization do people join in order to obtain money and other material benefits?
A)normative organization
B)coercive organization
C)utilitarian organization
D)All of these responses are correct.
Q2) Rosabeth Moss Kanter's research shows that clear rules,firmly and uniformly applied,increase a business's profitability.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The sociologist who explored the primary group was Charles Horton Cooley.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which type of formal organization is sometimes called a "voluntary association"?
A)normative organizations
B)coercive organizations
C)utilitarian organizations
D)All of these responses are correct.
Q5) What are the differences between categories and social groups?
Q6) What are the important differences between primary and secondary groups?
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Sexuality and Society
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Sample Questions
Q1) The campus culture of "hooking up" involves sexual relationships between partners with which of these characteristics?
A)Individuals know little about each other.
B)Individuals typically have been drinking alcohol.
C)Individuals have no further obligation to each other.
D)All of these responses are correct.
Q2) The majority of evidence indicates that sexual orientation is rooted in A)human biology,although social experience plays some role.
B)how societies construct sexuality.
C)individual choice.
D)the way young children are raised.
Q3) Survey research shows that,even though the public remains divided on the issue,U.S.society is more accepting of premarital sex today than it was a generation ago. A)True
B)False
Q4) Standards of human beauty are the same for people everywhere in the world.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What are several functions of the incest taboo for society as a whole?
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Chapter 7: Deviance
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain how age,gender,and social class are correlated with official arrest data.
Q2) Because there are several hundred people in the United States for every police officer,police
A)ignore most crimes they learn about.
B)work,on average,many more hours than other workers.
C)cannot take time to ensure due process for most suspects.
D)use discretion in deciding which situations warrant their attention.
Q3) Which of the following are functions of deviance noted by Emile Durkheim?
A)Deviance affirms cultural values and norms.
B)Responding to deviance promotes social unity.
C)Responding to deviance clarifies moral boundaries.
D)All of these responses are correct.
Q4) Criminal statistics gathered by the Federal Bureau of Investigation reflect
A)all crimes that take place.
B)offenses cleared by arrest.
C)offenses resulting in a criminal conviction.
D)offenses known to the police.
Q5) List the crimes against the person and crimes against property tracked by the Federal Bureau of Investigation.Which type of crime is more common?
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Chapter 8: Social Stratification
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain the 1996 welfare reform.What were the reasons for the changes? How did assistance programs change? What about limits on eligibility? Is it correct to say that welfare rolls have decreased? What about poverty?
Q2) Relative poverty
A)is found everywhere.
B)is life threatening.
C)is not found in the United States.
D)All of these responses are correct.
Q3) Individuals in class systems typically exhibit more status inconsistency than people in caste systems.
A)True
B)False
Q4) For most people in the United States,social standing remains much the same over the course of a lifetime.
A)True
B)False
Q5) According to Karl Marx,what are the two major classes in industrial-capitalist societies? How did Marx describe the relationship between the two classes?
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Chapter 9: Global Stratification
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Sample Questions
Q1) With regard to dependency theory,explain exactly how poor nations are dependent on rich nations.
Q2) Japan,Canada,and the nations of Western Europe are all classified as
A)low-income countries.
B)middle-income countries.
C)high-income countries.
D)These countries do not fall into any one category.
Q3) In 2010,the world's three richest individuals each had more wealth than the total economic output of about 100 of the world's poorest countries.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The concept of "colonialism" refers to the process by which
A)rich nations share advanced technology with poor countries.
B)some nations enrich themselves through political and economic control of others.
C)poor nations force an end to control by other nations.
D)immigration helps to spark economic development in rich nations.
Q5) Describe the distribution of income for the world as a whole.
Q6) Identify and define four types of slavery found in today's world.
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Chapter 10: Gender Stratification
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119 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements about gender and schooling is correct?
A)Boys are more likely than girls to be diagnosed with a learning disability.
B)More boys than girls are placed in special education classes.
C)Most disciplinary problems in schools involve boys.
D)All of these are correct.
Q2) Margaret Mead's research on gender in three societies in New Guinea illustrates that
A)all societies define masculinity in much the same way.
B)all societies define femininity in much the same way.
C)patterns involving gender are rooted in biology.
D)traits that are defined as feminine in one society may be masculine in another.
Q3) Minority women are more economically disadvantaged than white women.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Structural-functional analysis points out that industrialization encourages A)men to take control of the workplace.
B)growing gender equality.
C)women to have more children.
D)All of these responses are correct.
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Race and Ethnicity
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Sample Questions
Q1) Culture theory states that prejudice remains widespread despite the fact that our culture defines any and all prejudice as wrong.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following is the largest minority category within the U.S.population?
A)people of Asian descent
B)people of African descent
C)people of Hispanic descent
D)people of Native American descent
Q3) Which statement about African Americans is correct?
A)Many of the largest U.S.cities have elected black mayors.
B)An African American president was elected in 2008.
C)A majority of African Americans are working class or poor.
D)All of these responses are correct.
Q4) Prejudice and discrimination can reinforce one another.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What is the scapegoat theory of prejudice? What is the conflict theory of prejudice?
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Chapter 12: Economics and Politics
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131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The military-industrial complex refers to
A)the fact that war often destroys a country's economic infrastructure.
B)the close link between the government,defense industries,and the military.
C)the fact that the postindustrial economy is increasingly dominated by war production.
D)the fact that the military is the world's largest industrial corporation.
Q2) Provide a short description of how the U.S.political system operates in terms of the pluralist model,the power-elite model,and the Marxist political-economy model.
Q3) In recent decades,union membership
A)has risen in the United States and other high-income nations.
B)has risen in the United States,but not in other high-income nations.
C)has declined in the United States,but not in other high-income nations.
D)has declined in the United States and other high-income nations.
Q4) A pluralist approach to the U.S.political system suggests that A)power is concentrated in the hands of a few.
B)an antidemocratic bias exists in the capitalist system.
C)power is widely dispersed throughout society.
D)many people do not vote because they are alienated from the political system.
Q5) What are the three defining traits of socialism?
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Chapter 13: Family and Religion
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Sample Questions
Q1) The recent trend in racially mixed marriages has been
A)upward-the numbers are increasing.
B)stable-the numbers are holding steady.
C)downward-the numbers are falling.
D)rising in good economic times,and falling in bad economic times.
Q2) The family is a social institution that is found in A)most,but not all,societies.
B)about half of human societies in the world today.
C)high-income nations,but not in most low-income nations.
D)every society.
Q3) Religion is a social institution that is BEST defined as involving A)beliefs and practices concerning what is sacred.
B)ideas about good and evil.
C)a series of beliefs about creation.
D)norms about how to live.
Q4) What are three tasks of the family,according to the structural-functional approach? Why do some analysts claim that the family is the "backbone of society"?
Q5) What are exogamy and endogamy? Give an example of each.Why do societies have laws about marriage?
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Chapter 14: Education, health and Medicine
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Sample Questions
Q1) Social inequality affects a society's patterns of health.
A)True
B)False
Q2) 49.Which of the following correctly states the effect of additional schooling on average lifetime income?
A)Earning a high school diploma and a college degree do not change average lifetime income levels.
B)Earning a high school diploma does not affect income,but earning a college degree raises lifetime income.
C)Earning a high school diploma raises income,but earning a college degree does not affect lifetime income.
D)Earning a high school diploma and earning a college degree both raise lifetime income levels.
Q3) The topic of psychosomatic disorders is of greatest interest to sociologists guided by which theoretical approach?
A)the structural-functional approach
B)the symbolic-interaction approach
C)the social-conflict approach
D)the sociobiological approach
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Population, urbanization, and Environment
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Sample Questions
Q1) If you were to compare Sunbelt cities,such as Houston,to Snowbelt cities,such as Detroit,what differences would you find?
A)Sunbelt cities are typically smaller in physical size.
B)Sunbelt cities generally have smaller populations.
C)Sunbelt cities generally have larger populations and are larger in physical size.
D)Sunbelt cities lack the sprawl typical of Snowbelt cities.
Q2) Looking at countries around the world,what is the relationship between average income level and rate of population increase?
A)The lower the average income,the greater the population increase.
B)All nations are increasing at about the same rate.
C)The higher the average income,the greater the population increase.
D)Poor nations are holding steady,rich nations are decreasing.
Q3) During the last decade,there has been a rebound in the rural population of the United States.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What are the four stages in demographic transition theory? Apply this theory to the population history of the United States.
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Page 17
Chapter 16: Social Change: Modern and Postmodern
Societies
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Sample Questions
Q1) David Riesman described tradition-directed social character as which of the following?
A)eagerness to adopt the latest fashions and fads
B)rigid conformity to established ways of living
C)being highly individualistic
D)All of these responses are correct.
Q2) Sociologist Peter Berger suggests that the rising popularity of wearing wristwatches is a good indicator that a traditional society is beginning to modernize.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What did Max Weber say was the defining trait of modern society?
Q4) Which of the following concepts refers to changes brought on by the Information Revolution?
A)feudalism
B)tradition
C)modernity
D)postmodernity
Q5) What are four key characteristics of the process of social change?
Q6) What is "postmodernity"? What are the criticisms made of our society?
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