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Sociological Theory Exam Review
Course Introduction
Sociological Theory explores the foundational frameworks and key thinkers that have shaped the discipline of sociology, offering students a thorough understanding of how societies function and change. The course examines classical theorists such as Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, and Max Weber, as well as contemporary interpretations and critiques. By analyzing concepts like social structure, power, identity, and inequality, students will develop the critical tools to interpret and evaluate various social phenomena. The course encourages engagement with theoretical debates, helping learners connect abstract ideas to real-world contexts and sociological research.
Recommended Textbook
Sociology Your Compass for a New World 5th Canadian Edition by Robert J. Brym
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3272 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: A Sociological Compass
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Sample Questions
Q1) The textbook authors argue that reality TV shows are not realistic.What is their main argument?
A)Most participants are drawn from small and diminishing minorities in the population.
B)Although participants are ordinary people, they are put in unrealistic situations.
C)Although participants are ordinary people, they are put in highly stressful situations.
D)Participants are very similar to audience members, who normally have little chance of appearing on TV.
Answer: A
Q2) The ability to see the connection between personal troubles and social structures (for example, personal problems and public issues related to unemployment) is known as the sociological imagination.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 2: How Sociologists Do Research
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160 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a probability sample, the units are selected randomly.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Which of the following terms refers to the process whereby individuals are assigned to research groups by chance?
A)randomization
B)systematic sampling
C)experimentation
D)probability sampling
Answer: A
Q3) Which of the following terms refers to a carefully controlled artificial situation that allows researchers to isolate hypothesized causes and measure their effects precisely?
A)a survey
B)an observation
C)an experiment
D)a case study
Answer: C
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4
Chapter 3: Culture
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Sample Questions
Q1) Theft is one of the widest spread taboos.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Multiculturalists claim that national unity is important for reducing racial and ethnic inequality in Canada.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Language influences people's experiences and the ways they see the world.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) According to the textbook, what level of experience do touch, taste, sight, sound, and smell comprise?
A)the semantic level
B)the syntactic level
C)the concrete level
D)the abstract level
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Socialization
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Sample Questions
Q1) Socialization is necessary to unleash inborn potential of children to become human.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Illustrate how cultural differences can result in cognitive differences.
Q3) The gender roles that most strongly influence people are those that are the most widespread.Which of the following statements helps explain their pervasiveness?
A)These roles are the easiest for youth to accept.
B)These roles are supported most widely throughout virtual communities.
C)These roles allow for the most flexibility of gender expressions.
D)These roles are most closely aligned with existing cultural standards.
Q4) Sometimes an expectation leads people to create the very situation that they predicted.What is this phenomenon known as?
A)self-fulfilling prophecy
B)second vision
C)the Thomas theorem
D)hidden curriculum
Q5) Why can socialization be viewed as an evolutionary process?
Q6) Define and compare the concepts of significant other and generalized other.
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Chapter 5: Social Interaction
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Sample Questions
Q1) The commonsense understanding of emotions as natural and spontaneous is quite true.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Compare and contrast dramaturgical analysis and ethnomethodology.
Q3) Role strain occurs when incompatible role demands are placed on a person in a single status.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Damien smiles and greets passengers as they board the aircraft on which he is employed as a flight attendant.When an elderly person passes him, he looks at his co-workers and rolls his eyes.What do his smiles and friendly greetings exemplify?
A)role management
B)emotion management
C)front-stage behaviour
D)back-stage behaviour
Q5) Is Charles Derber right about the nature of social interaction in North America? Explain why or why not.
Q6) How do norms, roles, and statuses influence social interaction?
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Networks, Groups, Bureaucracies, and Societies
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following best exemplifies an imagined community?
A)a basketball team
B)Jamaican Canadians
C)people born in 1993
D)you and your ideal romantic partner
Q2) According to Kanter's research on women in organizations during the 1970s, what held women back from entering the top echelons of most organizations?
A)their lack of managerial knowledge
B)policies that discriminated against women as managers
C)their lack of informal networks with men in the organizations
D)their use of informal networks at their organizations for social reasons
Q3) Explain how in-groups and out-groups differ.Give examples.
Q4) Which of Tönnies's conclusions about urban networks has research disproved?
A)Social ties are superficial and functionally specific.
B)Social ties are few and emotionally charged.
C)Social ties are homogeneous.
D)Social ties are diverse.
Q5) How are you connected to networks in your own life? Use specific examples and relevant concepts.
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Chapter 7: Deviance and Crime
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Sample Questions
Q1) Define types of deviance and crime.Give one example of each.
Q2) If the NHL institutes rules against violence in hockey, how will that action define violence?
A)as social diversion
B)as social deviance
C)as conflict crime
D)as consensus crime
Q3) In 2004, Martha Stewart was convicted of conspiracy and obstruction of justice.Her crime was dumping 3900 shares of ImClone stock based on a tip that stock prices were about to plummet.Of what type of crime was Martha Stewart found guilty?
A)a street crime
B)a victimless crime
C)a white-collar crime
D)an office crime
Q4) The response of society to crimes against women has changed substantially since the 1970s.Discuss and analyze these changes.
Q5) Some societies are deviance-free.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Social Stratification
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Sample Questions
Q1) What term did Marx use to refer to the growth in workers' awareness of their exploitation under capitalism?
A)false consciousness
B)social consciousness
C)class consciousness
D)ideal consciousness
Q2) Approximately what percentage of Canadians who experienced poverty during one year are likely to remain poor for more than two years?
A)40 percent
B)30 percent
C)20 percent
D)10 percent
Q3) Which of the following kinds of people are best to have in one's social network in order to increase one's chances of high work rewards?
A)members of the same cultural group
B)close friends
C)helpful people
D)well-positioned people
Q4) What factors influence the level of rewards one is able to derive from work?
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Chapter 9: Globalization, Inequality, and Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Some reality TV shows, such as Big Brother, now exist in dozens of national versions.They all hope to achieve success by imitating content already proven popular elsewhere.Which of the following globalizing processes is demonstrated here?
A)regionalization
B)commodification
C)corporatization
D)homogenization
Q2) How has geopolitical position influenced economic growth in former colonies?
Q3) Which of the following concepts could be employed in an argument against the idea that globalization is equivalent to homogenization?
A)global supply chain and commodification
B)glocalization and regionalization
C)international division of labour and international trade
D)productivity and rationalization
Q4) Who defined the concept of McDonaldization?
A)Max Weber
B)Benjamin Barber
C)George Ritzer
D)Gordon Laxer
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Chapter 10: Race and Ethnicity
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the textbook, which of the following explains a higher likelihood of extremism among French than among Canadian Muslims?
A)higher rates of conversion to Christianity
B)higher level of prejudice and discrimination
C)higher level of religiosity
D)higher level of self-segregation
Q2) During World War II the Canadian government relocated, interned, and confiscated the assets of all the Japanese Canadians who lived anywhere near the British Columbia coast, blaming them for attacks on Pearl Harbor.What were the Japanese Canadians in this situation?
A)traitors
B)scapegoats
C)immigrants
D)racialized others
Q3) Canadian and American racial and ethnic policies are quite different, and result in very different levels of economic and social integration of immigrants.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Discuss the theory of split labour market, using Canadian examples.
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Chapter 11: Sexualities and Gender Stratification
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is "intimate terrorism" and who is most likely to commit it?
Q2) Which of the following forms of spousal violence is equally likely to be committed by a man or a woman?
A)intimate terrorism
B)violent resistance
C)common couple violence
D)cohabiting violence
Q3) According to some recent studies, some women will engage in same-sex activities just to turn on watching men.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Even though Eva does a completely different job than her brother Ivan at the processing plant, their wages are the same because they are based on the similar levels of skill, training, and responsibility in each of their jobs.Which of the following refers to this situation?
A)gender equality
B)employment equity
C)affirmative employment action
D)equal pay for work of equal value
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Chapter 12: Sociology of the Body: Disability, Aging, and Death
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Sample Questions
Q1) Colin lives in Canada.The population of Canada is aging, with a small number of elderly, a large number of middle-aged baby boomers, and a relatively small number of children.What is the shape of the age-sex population graph in Canada?
A)pyramid
B)muffin
C)rectangle
D)inverted triangle
Q2) Discuss some of the challenges facing elderly Canadians today.
Q3) Ari lives in Canada.He learned in his sociology class that the population of Canada is aging rapidly.Predictions are that the large number of baby boomers, because they are healthy, will live on into old age.Also, Canadians have not been having many children over the past two decades, a trend that is predicted to continue.If these trends continue, what is the predicted shape for the age-sex population graph for Canada 30 years from now?
A)a pyramid
B)a T
C)a rectangle
D)an inverted triangle
Q4) Describe what ageism is and give examples.
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Work and the Economy
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148 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What do we call work that requires a high level of education, is highly paid, has a high level of autonomy, and has possibilities for promotion?
A)positive work
B)superior employment
C)a quality occupation
D)a good job
Q2) More likely than not, deskilling is taking place in the old economy-for instance, assembly-line manufacturing.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Compare and contrast scientific management and the human relations approach to work.
Q4) Kristin is a computer programmer for the provincial government.Which sector of the economy is she engaged in?
A)the primary sector
B)the secondary sector
C)the tertiary sector
D)the social reproduction sector
Q5) What is "Fordism"?
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Chapter 14: Politics
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following elements of civil society specializes in keeping a close watch on the activities of politicians and the state and informing the public about their activities?
A)interest groups
B)lobbies
C)mass media
D)social movements
Q2) What is the theory of postmaterialism? How well does it apply to Canada?
Q3) What do we call groups that seek to influence politicians through their members' votes, organizing skills, and campaign contributions?
A)voluntary organizations
B)lobbies
C)political parties
D)social movements
Q4) How is democracy viewed when a nation's military is also a powerful political force?
A)precarious and merely formal
B)strong due to military support
C)well-organized but weak
D)strongly constitutionally reformed
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Chapter 15: Families
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Sample Questions
Q1) Leslie and Lisa are excited to be going to the clinic so that Leslie can have their gay friend's sperm inserted into her vaginal canal.What is this method of reproduction called?
A)parthenogenesis
B)artificial insemination
C)in vitro fertilization
D)surrogate motherhood
Q2) Wilbur, a staunch Marxist, agrees with Engels about how society must change to usher in gender equality.What does he believe must be eliminated in order to bring about this revolution?
A)religion
B)bureaucracy
C)private property
D)money
Q3) Over 50 percent of divorced parents remarry, which greatly benefits the children involved.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What are the social, ethical, and legal issues that accompany reproductive technologies?
Page 17
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Chapter 16: Religion
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Sample Questions
Q1) Karl Marx believed that religion is the "opium of the people" because it tranquilizes the working class into accepting their lot in life.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Charisma and religion seldom go together.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Ken believes that there are many gods, which are all aspects of the one true god, and he believes in reincarnation.According to the textbook, what religion does Ken subscribe to?
A)Buddhism
B)Christianity
C)Hinduism
D)Judaism
Q4) What was the average life expectancy of most people in medieval Europe?
A)25 years
B)35 years
C)45 years
D)55 years
Q5) Outline Max Weber's analysis of the Protestant ethic.
Page 18
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Chapter 17: Education
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Bourdieu, teachers reinforce learning of dominant cultural values through the use of which of the following?
A)cultural capital
B)social exclusion
C)grade inflation
D)pedagogic violence
Q2) Give a functionalist account of education, along with a critique of that account.
Q3) One of the most widely repeated findings worldwide is that social class strongly affects how much education people attain.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Research conducted by Ray Rist suggests that teachers may cause students' failures by encouraging a self-fulfilling prophecy.
A)True
B)False
Q5) A highly educated country is always a wealthy country.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 18: Mass Media and Mass Communication
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is cultural imperialism? Illustrate your answer.
Q2) Which of the following theories focuses on the importance of media as a stress reliever in ways that maintain the social order?
A)feminist theory
B)conflict theory
C)symbolic interactionism
D)functionalism
Q3) Which of the following means of communication is increasingly less feasible due to Canada's size and complexity?
A)print media
B)face-to-face interaction
C)interactive computer technology
D)simultaneous media channels
Q4) Maria can now watch live television on her new Android phone, as well as play music and film her friends.What is Maria engaging in with this technology?
A)narrowcasting
B)vertical integration
C)horizontal integration
D)media convergence
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Chapter 19: Health and Medicine
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Sample Questions
Q1) Jackson is concerned because on the reserve where he has just gotten a job as a community health nurse, twice as many babies die before the age of one year than in the general Canadian population.What he is concerned about?
A)the prenatal death rate
B)the perinatal death rate
C)the infant mortality rate
D)the community mortality rate
Q2) What occurred with medical doctors in the late 1800s that prevented many midwives, chiropractors, and herbalists from continuing to practise in Canada?
A)Doctors created a monopoly.
B)Doctors formed an oligarchy.
C)Doctors integrated horizontally.
D)Doctors unionized.
Q3) What are some of the ways that health inequality manifests itself in Canada?
Q4) According to the textbook, how is Canada's health care system generally viewed?
A)good for the rich; bad for the poor
B)a fool's paradise
C)a privatized system of care
D)socialized medicine
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Chapter 20: Population and Urbanization
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Sample Questions
Q1) Kasem is a Marxist who believes that overpopulation is a problem that can be solved.Which of the following does he most likely believe must be solved first?
A)contraception education
B)social inequality
C)inadequate medical care
D)inadequate child care
Q2) Many places in India are characterized by having a large proportion of the population die each year from disease, poor sanitation, and hunger.At which stage of the demographic transition theory are these places?
A)preindustrial period
B)transitional period
C)early industrial period
D)explosive period
Q3) How are class divisions maintained in postmodern cities?
A)through urban sprawl
B)through the physical separation of suburbs from inner cities
C)through the privatization of public space
D)through globalized theme cities
Q4) Outline the four stages of demographic transition theory.
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Chapter 21: Collective Action and Social Movements
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Sample Questions
Q1) Having a doctoral degree, a job as a professor, and a large savings account are all examples of which of the following?
A)social goods
B)social inducements
C)social goals
D)social rewards
Q2) According to relative deprivation theory, when are people induced to rebel?
A)when social strain increases to an uncontrollable level
B)when expectations decrease to low levels
C)when expectations and rewards balance one another out
D)when increased expectations are met with decreased opportunities
Q3) According to resource mobilization theory, when would strike activity be the most likely to increase?
A)when unemployment is high
B)when state surveillance is high
C)when social welfare benefits are generous
D)when elite coalitions are strengthened
Q4) What accounts for the comparatively high level of unionization in Canada as compared to that in the United States?
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Chapter 22: Technology and the Global Environment
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the textbook, approximately what percentage of the world's main fish species are in decline today?
A)10 percent
B)30 percent
C)50 percent
D)70 percent
Q2) What do we call the disproportionate accumulation of environmental dangers to racialized minorities?
A)environmental racism
B)eco-racial discrimination
C)racially motivated degradation
D)ecological insensitivity
Q3) What does the textbook mean when it says that environmental issues are contested phenomena?
Q4) Discuss the suggestion that technological innovation and market forces will enable us to overcome environmental problems.
Q5) Carbon dioxide emissions continue to rise in Canada and most other countries.
A)True
B)False
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