Sociological Perspectives
Pre-Test Questions
Course Introduction
Sociological Perspectives introduces students to the foundational theories and frameworks that shape the study of society and social behavior. The course explores how various sociological perspectives such as functionalism, conflict theory, symbolic interactionism, and feminism analyze the structures, institutions, relationships, and processes that define human societies. Emphasis is placed on understanding how these perspectives interpret issues like inequality, social change, culture, and identity, providing students with critical tools to examine contemporary social phenomena and their underlying dynamics. Through readings, discussions, and applied analysis, students develop the ability to think sociologically about both local and global social issues.
Recommended Textbook
Experience Sociology 3rd Edition by David Croteau
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17 Chapters
1701 Verified Questions
1701 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Sociology in a Changing World
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Sample Questions
Q1) Industrialization refers to the historical period in which economies shifted from an agricultural to a consumer base.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Persistent patterns in how people act in society are called A) power.
B) culture.
C) structure.
D) functions.
Answer: C
Q3) Structure refers to how societies and institutions are organized.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) Sociology views individuals as free agents who are able to make choices about their lives independent of society.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Page 3
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Chapter 2: Understanding the Research Process
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Sample Questions
Q1) Bryan collected homicide and suicide statistics from different cities so he could examine the relationship between these two causes of death. What kind of data is he using?
A) quantitative
B) qualitative
C) survey
D) correlation
Answer: A
Q2) Which position advocates for transparency in methods?
A) positivist social science
B) interpretive social science
C) critical social science
D) All these answers are correct.
Answer: D
Q3) Researchers generalize their findings when they are able to use findings from a sample to explain patterns in a larger population.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Culture
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Sample Questions
Q1) Maria is Hispanic and teaches elementary school. She wants to teach her students a little about her culture. She wants to share her knowledge of cooking with the students. She takes flour tortillas, a tortilla pan, tortilla chips, and salsa to her school classroom.
Which of the above items could be considered cultural objects?
A) flour tortillas, tortilla pan, chips, salsa, classroom, school
B) only the flour tortillas, tortilla pan, chips, and salsa
C) only the classroom and school
D) only the flour tortillas, chips, and salsa
Answer: A
Q2) All of the following are ways in which local industries in poor countries have been competing with Western media for local audiences <b>EXCEPT</b>
A) using new digital platforms for distributing locally generated video content.
B) producing shows that are geared toward the local culture.
C) finding new channels of distribution.
D) buying out Western companies that are their competitors.
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Social Structure
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following would be an example of an informal element of an organizational structure like a business?
A) rules outlining employee conduct in the company handbook
B) federal laws that impact how the business can function
C) traditions that influence how those within the organization address one another
D) All of these are formalized elements of a business organization.
Q2) How can both an organization and a conversation be social structures?
A) Both rely on routines and recurring patterns of behavior to function smoothly.
B) Each has hard and fast rules that govern how they unfold.
C) Each is very informal and relies on the creativity of the participants to function smoothly.
D) Both always rely on formalized written rules.
Q3) Sociologists may conduct conversational analysis to understand
A) the evolution of accents and word usage.
B) the diction of both speakers.
C) how politicians construct campaign speeches.
D) the underlying structure of conversations.
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6
Chapter 5: Power
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which strategy contributes to empowerment?
A) convincing and persuasion
B) rewarding compliance
C) financial incentive
D) education and training
Q2) Which system accomplishes the LEAST inequality?
A) capitalism
B) communism
C) state socialism
D) democratic socialism
Q3) Those who are weakest and have the lowest status in a society are unable to resist power.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Power that is accepted voluntarily is ________ power.
A) soft
B) economic
C) hegemonic
D) legitimate
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Chapter 6: Socialization
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Sample Questions
Q1) How does self-reflection emerge?
A) through the reflected self
B) through the looking glass self
C) through social interaction
D) through the generalized other
Q2) Which of the following values are most likely to be taught to American children?
A) being a team player
B) pursuing individual achievement
C) learning to respect their parents
D) learning to share with those who are less fortunate
Q3) Women in the mid- to late twentieth century were more likely than men to marry before starting their first job.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Learning the ways of society is known as
A) transformational learning.
B) behavior modification.
C) socialization.
D) child rearing.
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Chapter 7: Interaction, Groups, and Organizations
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is the best example of a status set?
A) registered nurse
B) caring for one's child and earning a living
C) registered nurse in the United States
D) registered nurse, father, husband, amateur golfer
Q2) All statuses are equally important for the individual and within the larger society.
A)True
B)False
Q3) It is simply human nature to want to conform; therefore, all cultures are similar in the level of conformity demonstrated by their members.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The goal of scientific management is to
A) make sure that technology informs the end product of a business.
B) make sure that factories employ the most technical programs.
C) increase efficiency by taking discretion away from the worker.
D) allow workers to have workplace control to improve productivity.
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9
Chapter 8: Deviance and Social Control
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is most accurate regarding race and the justice system in the United States?
A) Race is not a factor in the justice system.
B) Whites are more likely to be arrested and punished.
C) Black men are almost six times more likely to be imprisoned than white men.
D) White women are more likely to be imprisoned than Hispanic women.
Q2) Some deviant acts are committed without membership in a deviant subculture and without the support of others. This type of deviance is known as
A) sociopathic behavior.
B) antisocial behavior.
C) unsupported deviance.
D) loner deviance.
Q3) People follow social rules and norms because
A) they are moral.
B) people are naturally obedient.
C) people need guidance.
D) they have internalized them.
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Chapter 9: Class and Global Inequality
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Sample Questions
Q1) How would world systems analysis classify a nation that has little global power and is exploited by more powerful nations for its labor and natural resources?
A) periphery
B) core
C) semi-core
D) semi-periphery
Q2) In world systems analysis, nations are classified as
A) western countries and southern countries.
B) developed nations and underdeveloped nations.
C) core nations and periphery nations.
D) first world and third world.
Q3) The resources a person has, such as various types knowledge and skills, are called
A) cultural capital.
B) social capital.
C) cultural resources.
D) social resources.
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Chapter 10: Race and Ethnicity
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Sample Questions
Q1) Very little prejudice and discrimination exists in contemporary society.
A)True
B)False
Q2) There are fewer African Americans in the United States than whites, and that is why they are classified as a minority group.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Adolf Hitler believed in the superiority of the Aryan race. This is an example of A) racism.
B) cultural relativism.
C) Eurocentrism.
D) elitism.
Q4) Which theory draws attention to the situation in which a person refrains from racist comments in public, but freely makes such comments with his or her friends and family?
A) dramaturgical
B) affirmative action
C) split market
D) minority majority
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Gender and Sexuality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following social events helped bring about the sexual revolution in the United States?
A) the women's rights movement
B) the introduction of the condom
C) the shift to a culture of "family values"
D) pro-marriage and pro-child social norms
Q2) Janet believes that women are social equals to men. She is passing out a petition on campus that supports her college reviewing professor salaries to make sure that men and women are being paid equally based on rank and tenure. In what ideology does Janet believe?
A) heterosexism
B) feminism
C) the wage gap
D) gender stratification
Q3) Candace West and Don Zimmerman argue that one of the main problems in how men and women enact gender is that it
A) erases the biological differences between men and women.
B) assigns men more privileged social positions in society.
C) highlights the natural differences between men and women.
D) creates the idea that social differences between men and women are natural.
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Chapter 12: Family and Religion
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Sample Questions
Q1) In modern industrial societies, how is descent traced?
A) patrilineally
B) bilaterally
C) matrilineally
D) unilineally
Q2) During which decade did the fertility rate in the United States hit its lowest point?
A) 1950s
B) 1960s
C) 1970s
D) 1980s
Q3) Which American political party was increasingly supported by Christian fundamentalists beginning in the 1970s?
A) the Republicans
B) the Democrats
C) the Tea Party
D) the Green Party
Q4) Faith is grounded in scientific evidence.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: Education and Work
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Sample Questions
Q1) What have sociologists concluded about the relationship between occupational prestige and job satisfaction?
A) A high-status job does not guarantee job satisfaction.
B) Those in high-status jobs are the most satisfied.
C) Workers in low-status jobs are the most satisfied.
D) Those in professional jobs are the least satisfied.
Q2) Which of the following statements does NOT accurately describe current patterns in worldwide literacy?
A) Adult literacy is nearly universal in developed areas of the world.
B) Literacy has increased in developing countries in recent decades.
C) Adult literacy rates are higher in developed than in developing nations.
D) Literacy rates have declined in developing nations in recent decades.
Q3) Anisa and her parents moved to the United States. When Anisa enrolled in school she was placed into a program where she was taught in both her native language and English. What type of educational program does this illustrate?
A) school choice
B) online education
C) bilingual education
D) charter school
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Media and Consumption
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Sample Questions
Q1) When media corporations from wealthier nations export so many products to poorer nations that they come to dominate the local culture, it is known as
A) the digital divide.
B) cultural imperialism.
C) globalization.
D) government regulation.
Q2) What is one outcome of worker alienation that researchers have found?
A) They buy more things to cope with dissatisfaction and unhappiness.
B) They buy fewer things because they do not have enough money.
C) They focus more on their interpersonal relationships with coworkers.
D) They decide to change careers and choose those that are less alienating.
Q3) Billy does not have a home computer or Internet access away from school because his family cannot afford it. His classmates come from more affluent backgrounds and have these things. This inequality illustrates
A) a social hierarchy.
B) class warfare.
C) the digital divide.
D) alienation.
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Chapter 15: Communities, the Environment, and Health
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Q1) Is the consumer switch to more eco-friendly products an answer to environmental problems?
A) Yes; the consumer drives demand.
B) Yes; safer products benefit the environment.
C) No; corporate interests decide what is on the market.
D) No; corporations oppose green products.
Q2) Life in New York City today is an example of which form of social organization?
A) mechanical solidarity
B) urban solidarity
C) Gemeinschaft
D) Gesellschaft
Q3) Which type of society produces the least economic inequality?
A) modern society
B) nomadic society
C) agrarian society
D) preindustrial society
Q4) It is a common practice for wealthy nations to ship their toxic waste to poor countries.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 16: Politics and the Economy
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Sample Questions
Q1) A focus on the safe management of natural resources and the protection of social stability is consistent with the definition of ________ security.
A) economic
B) human
C) environmental
D) basic
Q2) The middle class receives a more positive political socialization than the working class, making middle-class individuals more likely to participate in political life.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In the global economy,
A) corporations enjoy considerable leverage over governments.
B) governments enjoy considerable leverage over corporations.
C) governments enjoy considerable leverage over citizens' interests.
D) consumers enjoy considerable leverage over corporations.
Q4) Gays and lesbians are now able to serve openly in the military.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 17: Social Change: Globalization, Population, and Social Movements
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Q1) Some critics argue that globalization has ________ the wealth gap between the rich and poor countries.
A) increased
B) decreased C) has little impact on D) equalized
Q2) Which of the following best describes Rosa Parks's role in the Montgomery bus boycott?
A) a spontaneous action by a woman who was a new member of the NAACP
B) a deliberate action by a woman who was "brought in" to Montgomery by the NAACP
C) a spontaneous action by a woman who was simply tired of the status quo
D) a deliberate action by a trained civil rights movement member
Q3) According to Richard Flacks, most people are not involved in "making history" because they
A) are too distracted by media entertainment.
B) lack inspiration and dedication.
C) lack talents and special abilities.
D) are busy "making life."
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