Sociological Perspectives Practice Exam
Course Introduction
Sociological Perspectives introduces students to the foundational theories, concepts, and frameworks used by sociologists to understand and analyze human behavior, social structures, and cultural patterns. The course emphasizes how different sociological lenses such as functionalism, conflict theory, symbolic interactionism, and feminist theory shape our interpretation of institutions, identity, inequality, and social change.
Through the exploration of key topics like family, education, class, race, gender, and globalization, students will develop critical thinking skills and a broader appreciation for the complex forces that influence societies both historically and in contemporary contexts.
Recommended Textbook
New Society 8th Edition by Robert J. Brym
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Chapter 1: Introducing Sociology
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Q1) According to the text,what is the most significant challenge for sociologists?
A) remaining value neutral in order to maintain scientific detachment
B) helping the general public to understand social change
C) keeping society as stable as possible
D) applying the scientific method to analyze the laws of society
Answer: B
Q2) Science is less a method of inquiry than it is a collection of ideas.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) The federal government passes several laws getting tough on crime in order to protect the public and make citizens feel safe.This leads to overcrowding in prisons and several costly riots.According to sociologists,what are these unforeseen results of the government's action?
A) just desserts
B) latent functions
C) manifest causes
D) punitive consequences
Answer: B
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Research Methods
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Q1) If a person's sex is said to affect his or her income,then what kind of variable is sex?
A) independent
B) control
C) dependent
D) effective
Answer: A
Q2) In research,what term is used to refer to the accuracy or relevancy of measurement in relation to the theoretical concept that it is supposed to measure?
A) reliability
B) internal consistency
C) validity
D) randomization
Answer: C
Q3) The method of participant observation typically employs random samples of individuals or groups.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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4
Chapter 3: Culture
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Q1) According to the text,which statement best reflects the current state of the social consciousness of Canadians?
A) Fewer Canadians now take part in a broad range of political action.
B) Canadians have grown more trusting of authority in all institutions.
C) Canadians have a high degree of tolerance and respect for diversity.
D) Voting rates have risen steadily over several federal elections.
Answer: C
Q2) Judging another culture exclusively by the standards of one's own culture is called ethnocentrism.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) According to the text,what term refers to our ability to create symbolic meaning systems?
A) numeracy
B) symbolism
C) communication
D) abstraction
Answer: D
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Socialization
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Q1) According to the examples of Victor and the Romanian orphans discussed in the textbook,which of the following is a typical outcome for children reared in isolation?
A) They develop a strong and independent sense of self.
B) They suffer from impaired emotional and intellectual development.
C) They establish what Cooley termed a "looking-glass self."
D) They continually demand instant gratification.
Q2) What are the five identifiable generations that Canada has had to date?
Q3) Deborah is in the process of teaching her four-year-old to share his toys with his younger sister and also his cousins when they come over to play.According to George Herbert Mead,what is being created in this undertaking?
A) generalized others
B) "I"
C) "you"
D) "me"
Q4) George Bernard Shaw once asserted,"Life isn't about finding yourself.Life is about creating yourself." Explain what this means,making connections to what you've learned about socialization and your identity.
Q5) Explain the difference between G.H.Mead's concepts the "I" and the "me."
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Chapter 5: Gender and Sexualities
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Q1) Laura decided not to try out for the football team because she has always understood it as a male-dominated sport.Which sociological concept is Laura adhering to?
A) compulsory gender
B) gender roles
C) sex roles
D) identity roles
Q2) Both males and females are physically capable of learning to cook,clean,and do laundry;however,most Western societies view these to be tasks that are performed by women.Which of the following does this illustrate?
A) gender roles
B) labelling
C) sociobiology
D) intersectionality
Q3) What is intersectionality and how does it impact the likelihood of women experiencing violence?
Q4) Think about and list some ways that you enact your gender.What do you imagine (or have experienced)are the risks of not doing gender according to the dominant rules?
Q5) Explain the difference between one's sex and one's gender.
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Chapter 6: Communication and Mass Media
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Q1) In Canada,the newspaper industry is becoming increasingly concentrated with fewer corporate owners.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The pilot for a new television show included a character that helped a teenager obtain an abortion.Since a major shareholder on the television network's board of directors was anti-abortion,the show was not purchased.According to the text,what sociological approach could be used to analyze the influence of the shareholder?
A) multimedia chains
B) vertical integration
C) critical hegemony
D) political economy
Q3) ABC Communications Inc.owns a sports stadium,a football team,several newspapers and magazines,a television network,and a number of retail outlets.What concept does this type of ownership reflect?
A) corporate integration
B) horizontal convergence
C) media oligarchy
D) cross-media control
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Social Stratification
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Q1) Which statement is a criticism of Davis and Moore's theory of stratification?
A) The theory does not explain why women are taking over very important jobs.
B) There are too many incompetent people in highly important occupations.
C) The theory does not explain how incompetent people tend to get promoted.
D) Many highly rewarded positions are not always the most functionally important.
Q2) A female baby is born into a Hindu family,in the city of Pune,in the state of Maharashtra,India.What term is used by sociologists to describe the particular characteristics mentioned in the preceding sentence about this baby girl?
A) born status
B) ascribed status
C) set status
D) achieved status
Q3) French economist Thomas Piketty argues that in a capitalist system with a growing economy,increasing inequality is inevitable.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Identify and explain the four types of capital as proposed by Pierre Bourdieu.
Q5) Identify and describe the four types of occupational mobility.
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Gender Inequality
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Q1) Elke has recently arrived from Sweden to work at the Canadian branch of IKEA.When asked for her impressions of the Canadian workplace,she expressed that she found it odd that she was one of three females to be working in upper management ,with the other fourteen positions being held by men.She goes on to explain that in Sweden's IKEA head office,there are just as many women as men in these positions.What is Elke describing in this Canadian workplace?
A) sexism
B) vertical segregation
C) horizontal segregation
D) gendered division of labour
Q2) What is the major difference between supply-side and demand-side theories when explaining gender inequality in paid work?
Q3) Yvonne joined the workforce in 1942 and continued to work outside the home after World War II ended.Which factor did NOT play a role in her ability to be accepted into the workforce?
A) reduction of the preferred source of labour
B) rise of a new service-based economy
C) level of education of women
D) desire to minimize wage costs
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Race and Ethnic Relations
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Q1) Why does the author assert that socialization approaches to racism are superior to social psychological and primordialist approaches? What are the limitations of socialization approaches,and how have theories in the conflict tradition attempted to address these limitations?
Q2) Provincial governments are allowed to fast-track immigration applicants to address labour shortages within their province.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which term translates from French to reflect one "Québécois" notion of ethnicity?
A) 100 percent Canadian
B) 100 percent Québécois
C) cultural nationalist
D) pure wool
Q4) According to the text,how do sociologists define racism?
A) mostly a biological category or a form of census data categorization
B) largely a myth or a thing of the past in today's politically correct world
C) as both an ideology and a certain kind of institutional practice
D) as primarily associated with radical countercultures looking for change
Q5) Define institutional racism and list the three forms that it can take.
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Chapter 10: Development and Underdevelopment
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Q1) Policies associated with neoliberalism have succeeded in some places.Where has some success been acknowledged in a limited sense?
A) Mexico,India,and China
B) Indonesia,Thailand,and Vietnam
C) Argentina,Bolivia,and Uruguay
D) Uruguay,Paraguay,and Venezuela
Q2) In 1996,military police in Brazil killed 22 landless workers who were protesting for agrarian reform,equality,justice,and peace.Every year on the anniversary of the massacre,organizations commemorate the International Day of Peasant Struggle as part of efforts to achieve the same goals as the 22 workers.What aspect of neoliberalism do these protests call attention to?
A) its overall success
B) its uneven success
C) its success in the Global South
D) its failure
Q3) Canada was initially a collection of colonial colonies until it achieved its independence in 1867.How did Canada become a prosperous country in spite of its colonial past?
Q4) What is popular resistance? Will it succeed?
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Chapter 11: Families
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Q1) According to Engels,what two factors were the foundations of the nuclear family?
A) male strength and female weakness
B) male control of property and female fidelity
C) biology of reproduction and maternal instincts
D) biological determinism and family values
Q2) According to your text,which type of couple has greater equality in doing housework?
A) remarried couples
B) cohabiting couples
C) same-sex couples
D) heterosexual couples
Q3) What explains the increasing number of single-person households in Canada?
Q4) Which statement does NOT illustrate a characteristic of the family in early hunting and gathering societies?
A) Women spent much of their time gathering the food needed to feed everyone.
B) Child care was the responsibility of women and men in the group.
C) Women's contributions were not regarded as highly as those of men.
D) Men spent more time hunting than women did.
Q5) What are the main reasons divorce rates increased rapidly during the latter half of the twentieth century?
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Work and Occupations
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Q1) A job that features high pay,ample holidays,and opportunities for advancement is regarded as being intrinsically rewarding.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Jose,Salvador,and Manuel are three Mexican migrant farm workers who were legally employed as seasonal agricultural workers in Canada.The owner of the farm called them into the office midway through the season,fired them without explanation,and sent them back to Mexico the next day.What is this situation an example of?
A) unfair treatment of male workers
B) ease with which immigrants get jobs
C) unfair treatment of contract workers
D) rising influence of unionized workers
Q3) How do individuals and collectivities respond to job dissatisfaction? Under what circumstances could unions be an antidote to worker alienation?
Q4) The bureaucratization of society has had an effect on the workplace.Discuss this effect with reference to the ideas of Weber and Ritzer.
Q5) Discuss the pros and cons of McDonaldization.
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Education
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Q1) Amir was telling Janus about the situation of Ahmed,a former high-school classmate.Janus,who is taking a sociology of education course exclaims,"It doesn't surprise me-it's one of the iron laws." What did Amir disclose to Janus?
A) Ahmed,who grew up in a series of foster homes,had been awarded a four-year scholarship to Princeton.
B) Ahmed,whose parents had to borrow money for his tuition,had dropped out of university.
C) Ahmed,who received a large weekly allowance from his parents,was failing almost every one of his classes,since he'd rather party than study.
D) Ahmed,who was raised by his mom,was receiving the highest marks in all of his courses.
Q2) According to the text,adolescents are largely excluded from "producer" roles and prestigious workplaces,so their main source of reputation stems from elsewhere.What is that source?
A) their status as scholars
B) their standing in youth culture
C) their role as consumers
D) their parents' social standing
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Religion
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Q1) While researching for his term paper,Jordan found studies which demonstrated that the numbers of people claiming no religious affiliation was growing over the years.But what perplexed him was the research that showed the numbers of people claiming religious affiliation were growing as well.What term describes this coincidental growth in both the pro-religion and no-religion categories?
A) secularization phenomenon
B) religious polarization
C) religiosity divide
D) spiritual renewal and decay
Q2) Since the early Protestant Reformation there have been,and continue to be,schisms.Most recently one Protestant faith has had a split over the ordination of gay ministers.What term do sociologists give to this unfolding process of creating new Protestant faiths?
A) sectarianism
B) faith splintering
C) denominationalism
D) church fissioning
Q3) What distinguishes Max Weber's views on religion from those of other classical sociologists? What are some of his main observations?
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Deviance and Crime
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Q1) Norms enshrined in the criminal law tend to reflect greater consensus about the wrongfulness of the act.
A)True
B)False
Q2) "Women should avoid dressing like sluts in order not to be victimized." This advice was offered by a Toronto police officer when speaking to a classroom of university students.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Why are mala prohibita crimes socially controversial?
A) They are not considered crimes.
B) They lack consensus.
C) Convictions are hard to get.
D) Their punishments vary.
Q4) Toronto has the highest homicide rate in Canada.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Explain control theory and how attachment and commitment are predictive of crime.
Q6) List the basic principles of routine activities theory.
Page 17
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Chapter 16: Population and Urbanization
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Q1) What was the focus of urban studies done by Robert Park and his colleagues at the Chicago School of Sociology?
A) They tried to improve the city by discovering "what made it tick."
B) They found that despite their research,problems in the city could not be fixed
C) They focused on what aspects of city life were working well.
D) They made the city of New York their social research laboratory.
Q2) What term is used to denote the process by which an increasing proportion of the population lives in cities?
A) suburbanization
B) urbanization
C) gentrification
D) megalopolitanism
Q3) According to Burgess's model,where do second-generation immigrants typically reside?
A) zone of interstitial transition
B) zone of better residences
C) zone of working-class homes
D) central business district
Q4) What five major elements comprise the corporate city?
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Chapter 17: Sociology and the Environment
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Q1) Tania's course outline asserts that students will be exploring the development and implementation of environmental policies and discussing the interactions of government with industry and consumers while addressing environmental issues.What class is Tania enrolled in?
A) lobby groups-policy and practice
B) environmental governance
C) economic environmentalism
D) resource curse in resource-poor countries
Q2) Which of the following expends great energy to discredit scientific research on climate change?
A) developing nations that want to be industrialized
B) industries that provide alternative sources of energy
C) government officials who do not want to pass environmental legislation
D) fossil fuel-intensive industries
Q3) The concept of sustainable development is central to much economic planning,but critics argue it is being used mainly as a rationale to allow more economic growth at the expense of the environment.What do you think: can economic growth and environmental quality coexist? Why and/or why not?
Q4) Define sustainable development and explain its significance.
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Chapter 18: Health and Aging
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Q1) Gerald is 75 years old.His daughter visits him every day,cooking meals,cleaning,and visiting.Gerald sometimes gets upset with his daughter because she treats him like he is an invalid,unable to care for himself.Which point of view has Gerald's daughter taken toward her father?
A) pity
B) mothering
C) ageism
D) dependent
Q2) What distinguishes our era from earlier periods is that today we have more health problems and live shorter lives.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What characterizes informal care giving of the elderly?
A) The contributors are primarily sons.
B) It consists mostly of men aiding their wives.
C) It is usually provided by wives,then daughters.
D) It is paid for by the children of the elderly.
Q4) Explain medicalization and use examples in your answer.What impact does this (will this)have on our healthcare system?
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Chapter 19: Politics and Social Movements
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Q1) Dariya was arrested when she was found spray-painting protest messages on the walls of a new factory that was approved by the local government.Which branch of government will decide how to deal with Dariya's actions?
A) legislative
B) executive
C) judiciary
D) administrative
Q2) What is a social movement?
A) a pattern of immigration and emigration
B) a secret society promoting the interests of members
C) an ongoing attempt to engage citizens in the use of social media
D) an attempt to change part of or all of the social order
Q3) Marek wants to convince his fellow citizens to accept a plan for a proposed new shopping mall,even though it will destroy parkland.Which tool will help Marek meet his goal?
A) political order
B) socialism
C) democracy
D) authority
Q4) What is the difference between power and authority?
Page 21
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Chapter 20: Globalization
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Q1) Cultural imperialism is often associated with liberal values around sexuality,feminism,and secularism.
A)True
B)False
Q2) When she does her weekly grocery shopping,Jolene chooses her food on the basis of food miles.Which aspect of food production is Jolene most likely to be concerned about?
A) animal welfare
B) cost-benefit ratio
C) genetic engineering
D) environmental impact
Q3) The International Monetary Fund was developed in 1995 as a result of the Global Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
A)True
B)False
Q4) Explain how Cuba is an exception to most of what is represented by globalization.
Q5) Do you consider yourself to be an overconsumer,an underconsumer,or a middle-of-the-road consumer? Explain your position,using examples.
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Page 22
Chapter 21: Networks, Groups, and Bureaucracies
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Q1) During the Vietnam War,American soldiers massacred 504 unarmed civilians in a village called My Lai.What dynamic explains the cause of this calamity?
A) norms of solidarity
B) boot camp effect
C) kill or be killed instinct
D) innovative cruelty
Q2) Sandra needs help getting a job.According to Mark Granovetter,who of the following is most likely to be able to offer assistance?
A) Sandra's brother
B) Sandra's mother
C) Sandra's best friend
D) a friend of Sandra's best friend
Q3) Discuss the sociological explanations for the origins of evil.Use genocide or war as your example.
Q4) Outline a comprehensive strategy for getting a job.Use insights gained from the text.
Q5) Discuss the two main factors that underlie bureaucratic inefficiency.
Q6) Explain the phenomenon of bystander apathy,and illustrate with examples.
Q7) What is groupthink? Give an example.
Page 23
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