Society and Human Behavior
Exam Materials
Course Introduction
This course explores the intricate relationship between society and human behavior, examining how social structures, cultural norms, and group dynamics influence individual attitudes and actions. Students will investigate key theories and concepts from sociology and psychology to understand topics such as identity formation, socialization, conformity, deviance, and collective behavior. Through case studies, discussions, and research, the course highlights the reciprocal impact between individuals and the societies in which they live, fostering a deeper understanding of both personal and societal change.
Recommended Textbook
Essentials of Sociology 4th Edition by Anthony Giddens
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16 Chapters
1239 Verified Questions
1239 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Sociology: Theory and Method
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75 Verified Questions
75 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is sociology,and how does it differ from psychology?
Answer: The response should define sociology as a science that typically studies humans and human behavior in groupings of some sort.This can be juxtaposed in any number of ways with psychology as a discipline because psychology has a tendency to study humans as individuals.The best responses might mention personal troubles being the typical realm of psychology and public issues being the realm of sociology.However,even better responses will travel outside of the text and perhaps mention that there is an area of study where these two disciplines meet:social psychology.
Q2) Florence is interested in researching how men's lives have changed as women have increasingly entered the workforce.What kind of research question will she be formulating?
A)factual question
B)comparative question
C)developmental question
D)theoretical question
E)nonempirical question
Answer: C
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3
Chapter 2: Culture and Society
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75 Verified Questions
75 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sapphire studies differences between nations that are largely Islamic and those that are largely Christian.She takes great care in her research to examine the differences she finds neutrally and without value judgments.Sapphire's position might be called:
A)social psychological
B)ethnocentrism
C)cultural relativism
D)historical materialism
E)bureaucratic collectivism
Answer: C
Q2) Deric studies Singapore and the process through which it has begun developing a strong industrial base.It might be said that he is studying:
A)newly industrializing economies
B)the sequestration of human experience
C)micro-finance
D)core countries
E)agrarian economies
Answer: A
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Socialization, the Life Course, and Aging
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82 Verified Questions
82 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Socialization is a process that takes place:
A)at birth
B)in childhood
C)during young adulthood
D)during mature adulthood
E)throughout our entire lives
Answer: E
Q2) Socialization is the process by which members of society learn the norms and values of society from their elders,thereby allowing the society to __________ over time.
A)socially reproduce itself
B)drastically change itself
C)have conflict among the generations
D)biologically reproduce itself
E)stagnate
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: Social Interaction and Everyday Life in the Age
of the Internet
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74 Verified Questions
74 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Using the example of fans watching a football game at your college stadium,explain how individuals would be engaged in both unfocused and focused interaction with others.Discuss the appropriate terms used by Erving Goffman and other sociologists to analyze such situations.
Q2) The sociologist who developed the field of microsociology and emphasized the importance of understanding the "seemingly trivial" was:
A)Erving Goffman
B)Max Weber
C)Émile Durkheim
D)Karl Marx
E)Elijah Anderson
Q3) People engage in __________ to reconcile their role in one part of life with their role in another part of their social world.
A)gender segregation
B)audience segregation
C)social management
D)deception
E)role swapping
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Chapter 5: Groups, Networks, and Organizations
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75 Verified Questions
75 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Max Weber believed the more an organization approaches the ideal type of bureaucracy,the more effective it will be in pursuing the objectives for which it was established.However,he also recognized that bureaucracies can create some negatives such as:
A)numerous unofficial ways of doing things because of the lack of flexibility in completing tasks in a bureaucracy
B)inefficiency because of the strict adherence to rules and regulations that make it difficult to respond to new issues
C)organizational tension between male authority figures and female subordinates
D)increasing employee salary costs
E)employees having difficulty separating family and work life
Q2) The McDonaldization of society refers to:
A)the obesity epidemic in American society
B)the taking over of key authority positions by baby boomers
C)the increased uniformity and rationality of society due to automation
D)the phenomenal success of McDonald's restaurants as a model for other companies
E)the increased number of gated communities in urban and suburban areas
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Chapter 6: Conformity, Deviance, and Crime
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75 Verified Questions
75 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which theory best explains why a neighborhood that had only minor problems such as abandoned cars and graffiti began to see an increase in other more serious types of property crime?
A)control theory
B)broken windows theory
C)conflict theory
D)differential association theory
E)labeling theory
Q2) Which of the following statements is NOT true about psychopaths?
A)Psychopaths are withdrawn, emotionless characters who delight in violence for its own sake.
B)Psychopaths lack the moral sense and concern for others held by most normal people.
C)Psychopaths are inevitably criminal.
D)People with psychopathic characteristics might be explorers, spies, or gamblers.
E)Nearly all studies of people said to possess psychopathic characteristics have been of convicted prisoners.
Q3) Discuss the ways in which deviance is functional.Give examples.
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8
Chapter 7: Stratification, Class, and Inequality
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93 Verified Questions
93 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sociologists study ________ when they are looking at the structured inequalities in a society.
A)social stratification
B)social disapproval
C)social inequity
D)strategic sociality
E)socialism
Q2) One of the most distressing signs of the growing stratification in the United States is the growth in the number of:
A)substance abusers
B)the mentally ill
C)women with college degrees
D)homeless people
E)people on food stamps
Q3) Of those who are currently in poverty in the United States,how many are working?
A)50 percent
B)25 percent
C)90 percent
D)none
E)5 percent
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Chapter 8: Global Inequality
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75 Verified Questions
75 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Neoliberalism asserts that:
A)free-market forces, achieved by minimizing governmental restrictions on business, provide the only route to economic growth
B)economic development can only occur if accompanied by liberal social values, such as securing a woman's right to abortion and supporting same-sex marriage
C)state involvement in the economy should be relatively high, even at times running entire industries
D)social democratic programs, such as generous welfare policies and free education provided by the state, are the bedrock of economic growth
E)development depends on retaining highly democratic, cooperative industries
Q2) Fertility rates tend to be highest in what kind of countries?
A)Low-income countries
B)Highly industrialized countries
C)Middle-income countries
D)High-income countries
E)Western countries
Q3) What is the role of technology in deepening existing global inequalities?
Q4) How do dependency theorists explain global inequality?
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10
Chapter 9: Gender Inequality
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75 Verified Questions
75 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compare liberal feminism with radical feminism.Which perspective best explains gender inequality today? Which perspective provides the best solutions?
Q2) The Platform for Action agreed to at the 1995 United Nations Women's Conference in Beijing called on countries to:
A)give precedence to women's rights when cultural traditions conflict with women's rights
B)give women the right to control their own reproduction and sexuality
C)give women the right to inherit wealth and property
D)address the issue of persistent discrimination against and violation of the rights of the girl child
E)all of the above
Q3) In the United States,men generally have more status,power,and prestige than women.This is an example of:
A)gender conformity
B)matriarchy
C)masculinity
D)berdache
E)gender inequality
Q4) What criticisms do black feminists make about the feminist movement?
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Chapter 10: Ethnicity and Race
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75 Verified Questions
75 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In American Apartheid (1993),Douglas Massey and Nancy A.Denton argue that ________ is/are responsible for the perpetuation of black poverty and the continued polarization of black and white people.
A)the history of racial segregation
B)impersonal market forces
C)the biological inferiority of blacks
D)the cultural inferiority of blacks
E)none of the above; black poverty and segregation have almost been eliminated
Q2) Which group has the highest income among Latinos?
A)Mexican Americans
B)Puerto Rican Americans
C)Cuban Americans
D)El Salvadoran Americans
E)Guatemalan Americans
Q3) Explain the persistence of racial and ethnic inequality in the United States.Refer specifically to the perspectives of Robert Blauner,William Julius Wilson,and Douglas Massey and Nancy A.Denton in your response.Which perspective do you think best explains the persistence of racial and ethnic inequality in the United States? Explain.
Q4) What is institutional racism? Give examples.
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Chapter 11: Families and Intimate Relationships
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75 Verified Questions
75 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Andrew Cherlin,which of the following statements is NOT true with respect to divorce and children?
A)Almost all boys experience an initial period of intense emotional upset after their parents separate.
B)Almost all girls experience an initial period of intense emotional upset after their parents separate.
C)Most resume normal development without serious problems within about two years after the separation.
D)A minority of children experiences some long-term problems as a result of the breakup that may persist into adulthood.
E)The experience of watching their parents divorce reduces the chances of their marriages ending in divorce.
Q2) Describe Talcott Parsons's view of the family.What are some criticisms of his approach?
Q3) According to Kathryn Edin and Maria Kefalas,why do low-income women continue to have children out of wedlock,when they can hardly afford to do so?
Q4) Does cohabitation lead to divorce? If so,explain how.
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Chapter 12: Education and Religion
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75 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why did Max Weber believe Christianity contained possibilities for social change that Eastern religions did not?
A)Weber thought that the Eastern religions were too focused on sin and salvation instead of experiencing the Divine.
B)Weber thought that Christianity represented the top of the religious evolutionary chain and beat other religions because of its usefulness to human progress.
C)Weber believed that the religions of the East cultivate an attitude of passivity or acceptance within the believer while Christianity demands a constant struggle against sin and so can stimulate revolt against the existing order.
D)Weber thought that Christianity, with its focus on inner development, love, and acceptance of everyone, was suited for multicultural development.
E)Weber thought that Eastern religions were warped by the corrupting influence of Taoism, which stresses emancipation and, therefore, disobedience.
Q2) How do religion and education act as socializing agents?
Q3) What are some theories for why schooling has developed as it has in modern society?
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Chapter 13: Politics and Economic Life
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75 Verified Questions
75 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Mary and Bridget both work in the same company,but Mary is a full-time worker,and Bridget is a temporary worker.Based on this information,which of the following statements is most likely to be true?
A)Bridget has a higher salary than Mary.
B)Mary shirks her responsibilities more than Bridget.
C)Bridget has more paid vacation time than Mary.
D)Mary does not have a retirement plan, but Bridget enjoys an excellent retirement pension from the company.
E)Mary is covered by medical insurance from the company, but Bridget is not.
Q2) On the planet Xana,aliens are able to communicate telepathically.This facilitates their making instant decisions on all important political issues.Whenever a political decision is necessary,they all telepathically relay their votes,which are tallied on vote-counting computers.From this information,what could these aliens' political system best be described as?
A)an absolute monarchy
B)a constitutional monarchy
C)a liberal democracy
D)a participatory democracy
E)a republic
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Page 15
Chapter 14: The Sociology of the Body: Health, Illness, and Sexuality
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75 Verified Questions
75 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Although Sigmund Freud's research was carried out in the Victorian era,it clearly revealed that:
A)humans are born without concrete sexual tastes and society teaches them what to like by adulthood through the socialization process
B)human sexuality is usually determined at birth, although the socialization process does have a limited role in influencing people by adulthood
C)female and male sexual tastes are similar at birth but increasingly vary as adulthood approaches, largely due to hormonal differences between males and females
D)female and male sexual tastes vary widely at birth but become increasingly similar as they approach adulthood due to the socialization process
E)human sexual tastes are widely varied at birth, are curbed by society through socialization, but still remain significantly diverse through adulthood
Q2) Describe the mainstream gay and lesbian rights movement of today.
Q3) Why are infectious diseases more common in developing nations than in the United States today?
Q4) What is sexual orientation?
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Urbanization, Population, and the Environment
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87 Verified Questions
87 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to David Harvey,cities as well as suburbs can be understood as __________ established by humans to serve their needs.
A)created environments
B)evolutionary spaces
C)urban ecology
D)collective consumption sites
E)useful tools
Q2) According to your textbook,which of the following is NOT one of the most acute problems faced by global cities around the world?
A)hunger
B)lack of affluent inhabitants
C)lack of adequate housing
D)unsafe water supplies
E)lack of formal work
Q3) Why are developing countries experiencing urbanization at such a rapid pace? What social,economic,and environmental challenges do those cities face in dealing with this rapid urbanization?
Q4) Why is rural America on the decline? Explain at least two problems facing rural America today.
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Chapter 16: Globalization in a Changing World
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78 Verified Questions
78 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Samuel's father was laid off from his job at the auto part manufacturing plant after it closed.Samuel currently works at Starbucks,and he is going to night school at the local community college to learn computer programming.Samuel's experience reflects which of the following:
A)service society
B)industrial society
C)information society
D)both a and b
E)both a and c
Q2) Participation in new social movements is seen as __________ whereby participants make a statement about who they are.
A)"social obligation"
B)"moral expression"
C)"personal expression"
D)"expressive logic"
E)"civic engagement"
Q3) According to Charles Tilly's model,what are the four main components of collective action? Provide detailed examples of each component to fully illustrate your understanding of Tilly's model.
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Page 18