Society and Culture
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Course Introduction
This course offers an in-depth exploration of the complex relationship between society and culture, examining how cultural practices, beliefs, and values shape and are shaped by social structures and institutions. Students will analyze the ways in which culture influences individual and group identities, social interactions, and societal norms, using a variety of theoretical perspectives and case studies from around the world. Key topics include socialization, cultural diversity, the impact of globalization, cultural change, and the role of media and technology in shaping contemporary cultures. Through critical reflection and comparative analysis, students will develop a nuanced understanding of how society and culture interact in both local and global contexts.
Recommended Textbook
Essentials of Sociology 4th Edition by Anthony Giddens
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Chapter 1: Sociology: Theory and Method
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Q1) Karl Marx studied the development of capitalism in Western Europe and the United States.One possible criticism of his research might be that:
A)his perspective was not sufficiently global in outlook
B)he ignored working class experience
C)he did not understand that societies develop through classes in struggle
D)his research was never used with the goal of improving society; instead, he simply tried to describe the world
E)Marx never bothered to really understand the production of goods
Answer: A
Q2) Sociology studies contemporary society and,therefore,does not involve historical research.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 2: Culture and Society
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Q1) ________ refer(s)to the physical objects that individuals in society create.These objects,in turn,influence how we live.
A)Norms
B)Material goods
C)Values
D)Sociobiology
E)Instinct
Answer: B
Q2) Mihir notes in his work on altruism that there are some behaviors that seem innate to humans rather than learned and uses that to criticize the idea that humans are "naturally" selfish.Mihir is taking note of:
A)values
B)norms
C)material goods
D)instinct
E)reproductive labor
Answer: D
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Chapter 3: Socialization, the Life Course, and Aging
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Sample Questions
Q1) Eugene Provenzo's work on the effects of Nintendo and other video games found that video games have __________ effect on school performance.
A)a profoundly negative
B)a profoundly positive
C)no
D)both a positive and a negative
E)unmeasureable
Answer: C
Q2) According to George Herbert Mead,children develop as social beings by imitating those around them,and one of the most important ways that this part of socialization happens is through:
A)learning at school
B)interacting with their grandparents
C)reading books
D)playing
E)watching TV
Answer: D
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Social Interaction and Everyday Life in the Age
of the Internet
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Sample Questions
Q1) Infants have facial expressions similar to those of:
A)adults
B)primates
C)children under three years old
D)older people over eighty
E)all baby mammals
Q2) Encounters always need __________,which indicate(s)that civil inattention is being discarded and focused interaction will begin.
A)impression management
B)discussion
C)openings
D)flirtations
E)response cries
Q3) Wearing a new dress on a first date is an example of:
A)sexuality
B)social status
C)impression management
D)social interaction
E)conformity
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Chapter 5: Groups, Networks, and Organizations
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Q1) A new group recently emerged calling itself the "Real Americans." This group's activities reflect disdain and prejudicial attitudes toward recent immigrants to the United States.In relation to this group,recent immigrants could be classified as a(n):
A)in-group
B)out-group
C)dyad
D)triad
E)aggregate
Q2) The imbalance of gender roles in organizations demonstrates that modern organizations have:
A)encouraged women to stay home
B)found men to be better at following written rules and procedures
C)have developed in a gendered way
D)found maternity to be too expensive
E)had a difficult time recruiting women
Q3) List and explain the characteristics of the "ideal type of bureaucracy" that Max Weber described and how they are evident or not evident in your college or university.
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Chapter 6: Conformity, Deviance, and Crime
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Q1) An experiment by sociologist Devah Pager showed that __________ is least likely to be hired.
A)a white man with no criminal record
B)a white man with a criminal record
C)a black man with no criminal record
D)a black man with a criminal record
E)none of the above; there was no difference among the four groups
Q2) Fifteen-year-old Diego is arrested and spends thirty days in juvenile detention.He begins to see himself as a delinquent while there.When he is released,he commits more crimes.The crimes that he commits after being released would be considered by Edwin Lemert as:
A)primary deviance
B)secondary deviance
C)tertiary deviance
D)anomic deviance
E)structural strain deviance
Q3) How does crime affect the lives of people who have little contact with the criminal justice system as victim or offender? Explain using examples.
Q4) Discuss the ways in which deviance is functional.Give examples.
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Chapter 7: Stratification, Class, and Inequality
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Q1) In addition to Social Security,__________ has/have helped to lift many of the elderly out of poverty.
A)food banks
B)Meals on Wheels
C)unemployment
D)Medicare
E)none of the above
Q2) Those who believe that poverty results from structural factors beyond the control of individuals would see which of the following as a source of poverty?
A)unequal distribution of educational resources
B)lack of universal healthcare
C)growing income inequality
D)all of the above
E)none of the above.
Q3) Compare and contrast slavery,caste,and class as systems of stratification.What is the basis of inequality in each? How much social mobility exists in each? What system of stratification best describes the United States?
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Chapter 8: Global Inequality
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Q1) The doctrine of neoliberalism asserts that underdeveloped countries can develop by freeing up markets and allowing foreign corporations to operate within their borders.Why might dependency theorists critique this idea?
A)Dependency theorists would argue that the only way for underdeveloped nations to develop is to borrow from foreign banks and not rely on corporations.
B)Dependency theorists would argue that foreign states provide a much more stable source for income for underdeveloped nations.
C)Dependency theorists would respond that low-income nations need revolutionary changes that would push out, rather than welcome, foreign corporations.
D)Dependency theorists would argue that the legacy of colonialism has already led to positive forms of development in low-income countries.
E)Dependency theorists would suggest that before foreign corporations can make an impact in underdeveloped countries, those countries first need to develop a more modern culture.
Q2) Compare and contrast the strengths and weaknesses of the four competing sociological theories that explain global inequality.
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Chapter 9: Gender Inequality
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Q1) How can the increase in female labor force participation over the last fifty years be explained?
A)There has been an increase in demand for clerical and service work.
B)Many women now postpone family formation to complete their education and establish themselves in the labor force.
C)A majority of women now work outside the home during their child-bearing years.
D)All of the above are true.
E)There has been no increase.
Q2) The making of unwanted sexual advances by one individual toward another,in which the first person persists even though it is clear that the other party is resistant is called:
A)patriarchy
B)gender typing
C)sexual harassment
D)gender profiling
E)gender construction
Q3) Using the !Kung of the Kalahari Desert,the bacha posh in Afghanistan,and the nádleehí in Navajo culture as support,discuss how gender can be seen as a social construction.
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Chapter 10: Ethnicity and Race
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Q1) Discuss the four models of ethnic integration mentioned in your textbook-assimilation,melting pot,pluralism,and multiculturalism.What model,or models,characterize ethnic integration in the United States,past and present?
Q2) Prior to the 1970s,which group would Robert Blauner most likely classify as willing immigrants?
A)Irish Americans
B)Native Americans
C)African Americans
D)Puerto Rican Americans
E)Mexican Americans
Q3) Which of the following statements concerning segregation is NOT true?
A)In apartheid-era South Africa, laws forced blacks to live separately from whites and forbade sexual relations between races.
B)In 1967, the Supreme Court ruled in the case of Loving v.Virginia that the prohibition of interracial marriage violated the right to privacy.
C)In 1967, racial intermarriage was still a crime in most southern states.
D)Interracial marriage had always been legal in most northern states.
E)Today, de facto segregated residential areas still exist in many U.S.cities.
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Chapter 11: Families and Intimate Relationships
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Q1) Which sociological perspective sees the family as performing important tasks that contribute to society's basic needs and helping to perpetuate the existence of major social institutions and practices?
A)functionalism
B)Marxism
C)symbolic interactionism
D)feminism
E)postmodernism
Q2) From which country can Hispanics easily enter the United States because that country is a commonwealth of the United States?
A)Mexico
B)Puerto Rico
C)Cuba
D)El Salvador
E)Guatemala
Q3) What is the evidence that American workers are working longer hours today than they did in the past? According to Arlie Hochschild,how is "the time bind" faced by "the overworked American" related to globalization?
Q4) Does cohabitation lead to divorce? If so,explain how.
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Chapter 12: Education and Religion
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Q1) What are some of the competing solutions offered for the problem of illiteracy in the United States?
Q2) What are some of the reasons there are many illiterate people in the developing world?
Q3) Briefly explain Karl Marx,Émile Durkheim,and Max Weber's theories of religion.
Q4) Why are sociologists often critical of the idea of universal education as it exists as a "great equalizer" that creates a more free and equal society?
A)because schooling and education-particularly literacy-create elitists who wave their educations around as signs of being better than others
B)because work carries with it more practical knowledge than schools can teach
C)because contemporary schools often carry within them a "hidden curriculum" that reproduces social inequality
D)because sociologists, by and large, want to abolish schools
E)because schools reinforce critical thinking skills that make it difficult for social scientists to educate people without them questioning their authority
Q5) What are some theories for why schooling has developed as it has in modern society?
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Chapter 13: Politics and Economic Life
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Q1) Pat has worked in a transnational corporation for the last five years.According to the text,which of the following statements is most likely to be true?
A)The transnational corporation for which Pat works is family-owned and operated.
B)The transnational corporation for which Pat works is based in China.
C)The transnational corporation for which Pat works is based in Japan.
D)The transnational corporation for which Pat works is based in the United States.
E)The transnational corporation for which Pat works is based neither in the United States nor in Japan.
Q2) As a member of the National Organization for Women (NOW),Mercedes would be most likely to try to lobby for which of the following issues?
A)increasing the military budget
B)a constitutional amendment to provide free universal housing
C)vouchers for parents who want to send their children to private religious schools
D)equality in the workplace
E)decriminalization of soft drugs
Q3) Compare and contrast old- and new-style terrorism.
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Chapter 14: The Sociology of the Body: Health, Illness, and Sexuality
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Q1) What is obesity?
A)excessive body weight
B)a health condition characterized by the inability to maintain balance
C)a sociological term used to describe unequal societies
D)a tendency to generalize
E)any eating disorder
Q2) Which of the following questions would a symbolic interactionist most likely ask?
A)Why do some humans become ill while others do not?
B)How do people put themselves at risk of contracting illness?
C)How does illness shape individuals' daily lives?
D)What does the way we define illness tell us about healthy practices?
E)Where do individuals become ill?
Q3) Jack and his partner,Steve,celebrated the International Day Against Homophobia this year.What year was it first celebrated?
A)1920
B)1950
C)1975
D)1990
E)2005
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Chapter 15: Urbanization, Population, and the Environment
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Q1) Why are developing countries experiencing urbanization at such a rapid pace? What social,economic,and environmental challenges do those cities face in dealing with this rapid urbanization?
Q2) With the support of government programs,the rapid increase of suburbanization in the United States occurred in the:
A)1950s and 1960s
B)1930s and 1940s
C)1920s
D)1980s
E)1990s
Q3) Using China as an example,explain some of the issues that countries face today regarding population growth,economic growth,and environmental issues.How are these issues intertwined?
Q4) Population growth rates are:
A)usually negative
B)exponential
C)linear
D)all of the above
E)none of the above
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Chapter 16: Globalization in a Changing World
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Q1) The growth of jobs in the retail and food service sector and the decline in manufacturing jobs is referred to as:
A)service society
B)industrial society
C)information society
D)low-wage society
E)contingent labor society
Q2) Some sociologists worry that globalization is leading to the creation of a global culture in which the values of the most powerful and affluent overwhelm the strength of local customs and tradition.This process is called:
A)hyperglobalization
B)cultural imperialism
C)Westernization
D)differentiation
E)hybrid identity formation
Q3) According to Ulrich Beck,globalization brings about a "risk society." Explain a "risk society" and the kinds of risks that are being "manufactured." What specific risks are you most concerned about? Why?
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