Society and Culture Question
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Course Introduction
This course explores the complex relationship between society and culture, examining how cultural norms, values, beliefs, and practices shape and are shaped by social structures and institutions. Students will analyze key sociological and anthropological theories to understand cultural diversity, socialization, identity, group behavior, and the role of culture in social change. Through case studies and contemporary examples, the course encourages critical thinking about issues such as power, inequality, globalization, and cultural conflict in modern societies.
Recommended Textbook
Essentials of Sociology 9th Edition by David B. Brinkerhoff
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15 Chapters
2023 Verified Questions
2023 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: The Study of Society
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Comte,understanding society requires recognizing forces for stability and order,as well as change.Today,sociologists refer to these using the terms:
A) social structure and social process.
B) continuity and change.
C) social conflict and social order.
D) symbolic interaction and social interaction.
Answer: A
Q2) Max Weber developed which approaches for sociology?
A) value-free stance
B) positivism and theories of statics and dynamics
C) adaptation and evolution
D) economic determinism and the dialectic
Answer: A
Q3) One of the major premises underlying symbolic interactionism is that:
A) the social structure determines human behavior.
B) rules and regulations guide society.
C) shared symbolic meanings grow out of human interaction.
D) some actions have fixed and non-negotiable meanings.
Answer: C
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Culture
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Sample Questions
Q1) Culture is possible without language.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Social control is most effective when sanctions from formal authority are threatened.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) What is meant by the term cultural relativity?
Answer: Cultural relativity requires that each cultural trait be evaluated in the context of its own culture.
Q4) Which theoretical approach would be most likely to examine the competing perspectives of multiculturalism and assimilation?
A) structural-functionalist
B) conflict theory
C) symbolic interactionist
D) feminist
Answer: B
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Socialization
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Sample Questions
Q1) The text identifies all of the following as agents of socialization EXCEPT:
A) religion.
B) peer groups.
C) voluntary associations.
D) the workplace.
Answer: C
Q2) According to sociologists using symbolic interaction theory:
A) meanings are fixed by the larger society.
B) socialization reinforces social inequalities.
C) people interacting negotiate their self-concepts.
D) to understand human behavior we must learn what role each individual plays in society.
Answer: C
Q3) What is role-taking?
Answer: Role-taking involves imagining ourselves in the role of the other to determine the criteria others will use to judge our behavior.
Q4) What is socialization?
Answer: The process of learning roles,statuses,and values necessary for participation in social institutions.
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Chapter 4: Social Structure and Social Interaction
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Sample Questions
Q1) In horticultural societies:
A) no surplus is produced.
B) few people are involved in food production.
C) there is a small surplus from simple crop cultivation.
D) advanced energy sources are used in farming the land.
Q2) In the sociology of everyday life,a frame is used to:
A) dictate the script that all actors must follow.
B) create new and unfamiliar identities for the actors.
C) evaluate an encounter as deviant or normal and guide the action.
D) set expectations about the interaction.
Q3) The basic building blocks of society are:
A) norms.
B) cultures.
C) statuses.
D) values.
Q4) Describe how people employ impression management using social networking like Facebook or Twitter.What are common ways people try to improve their impression in these online realms?
Q5) Define spoiled identity and describe the strategies homeless teens use to maintain their self-esteem.Give an example of each strategy.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Groups, Networks, and Organizations
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Sample Questions
Q1) The most important factor associated with the number and composition of strong ties a person has is:
A) having children.
B) gender.
C) income.
D) education.
Q2) Individuals are most likely to cooperate when faced with a common threat and cooperation seems in their self-interest.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The most powerful method a group has to ensure that individuals go along with the group's opinions,even if they don't agree,is:
A) ridicule.
B) expulsion from the group.
C) fear of embarrassment.
D) lack of certainty about one's position.
Q4) What are some of the factors that affect the kind of interaction we experience in small groups? What effects do these factors have on social interaction?
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Chapter 6: Deviance, Crime, and Social Control
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Sample Questions
Q1) Labeling theory incorporates elements of which two theories?
A) symbolic interactionism and conflict theory
B) structural-functionalism and symbolic interactionism
C) deterrence and strain theories
D) developmental and conflict theory
Q2) Unpopular norms can continue to exist because of:
A) internalization.
B) negative sanctions.
C) false enforcement.
D) formal social controls.
Q3) all of the following are possible explanations for the higher rate of crime by lower-income people EXCEPT:
A) blocked avenues to achievement.
B) receiving fewer rewards from school and the labor market.
C) the bias in law enforcement making their crime rate appear higher.
D) a biological propensity toward deviance.
Q4) When rules are not supported by group values,it is difficult for even formal agencies to enforce compliance.
A)True
B)False
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Stratification
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Sample Questions
Q1) The assumption that developing nations can follow the Western path to wealth through industrialization is basic to:
A) world-systems theory.
B) conflict theory.
C) third-world development theory.
D) modernization theory.
Q2) Discuss how water both reflects and reinforces inequality within and between the least- and most-developed societies.
Q3) Studies of different stratification systems indicate that:
A) inequality is usually strongly resented.
B) few societies are aware of inequality.
C) inequality usually leads to resentment and revolution.
D) inequality is usually accepted as natural and just.
Q4) The least-developed countries constitute what percentage of the world's population?
A) 9%
B) 32%
C) 54%
D) 75%
Q5) What is meant by the concept of "culture of poverty"?
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Racial and Ethnic Inequality
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Sample Questions
Q1) __________ occurs when the normal operation of apparently neutral processes systematically produces unequal results for majority and minority groups.
A) Triple jeopardy
B) Double jeopardy
C) Institutionalized racism
D) Individual racism
Q2) Which of the following racial and ethnic groups in the United States has the highest percentage of female-headed families?
A) White (non-Hispanic)
B) Cuban American
C) African American
D) Native American
Q3) The term "the melting pot" implies:
A) Anglo-conformity.
B) cultural pluralism.
C) authoritarianism.
D) the idea of the emergence of a new culture.
Q4) Compare the concepts of race and ethnicity.In what ways are they different and in what ways may they overlap?
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Chapter 9: Sex,Gender,and Sexuality
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Sample Questions
Q1) African American women have always been much more likely to work outside of the home than white women.
A)True
B)False
Q2) All of the following reinforce biological sex differences EXCEPT:
A) doctors giving hormone shots to boys to prevent them from being "too short."
B) doctors prescribing birth control pills to women to prevent menstrual cramps.
C) plastic surgeons performing breast implants on women.
D) plastic surgeons performing pectoral impacts on men.
Q3) Why aren't girls thought to be good at math? Explain the biological and social factors that contribute to this.Do you think biological or social explanations are more important? Give evidence to support your opinion.
Q4) In studying the differences between male and female interaction,we see that:
A) men take up more speaking time than women.
B) women interrupt men more often than men interrupt women.
C) women take up more speaking time than men.
D) women are less likely to smile.
Q5) In what fields in college are the gender differences most striking?
Q6) What is sexism?
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Q7) What are the three major reasons why men and women have different occupations?
Chapter 10: Health and Health Care
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Sample Questions
Q1) At what age do the social class differences in health start to emerge?
A) infancy
B) childhood
C) middle adulthood
D) old age
Q2) Why did insurance companies approve gastric bypass surgery for coverage?
A) They realized that people were truly suffering from being obese.
B) They were convinced that gastric bypass surgery was the best treatment for obesity.
C) They saw that allowing people the surgery actually reduced their costs in the long run.
D) They wanted to insure that obese people were not discriminated against in terms of medical treatment.
Q3) Increasingly,lower-income individuals with mental illness are sent to jail or prison rather than to clinics or hospitals when their behavior becomes socially unacceptable.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Describe the four norms associated with the sick role and provide a critique of the model.
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Chapter 11: Family
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of these statements best describes the cultural shift in views of marriage?
A) "I am looking for my soul mate."
B) "If it doesn't work out, we can always divorce."
C) "Marriage is just a piece of paper."
D) "I can't afford to get married."
Q2) The "old old" are largely self-sufficient.When they do need help,however,they are most likely to receive it from:
A) community agencies.
B) their sons.
C) their daughters.
D) their grandchildren.
Q3) A ready-made social structure designed to organize and stabilize the responsibility for producing and raising children is the definition of:
A) the church.
B) gender roles.
C) marriage.
D) rites of passage.
Q4) What are polygamy and monogamy?
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Chapter 12: Education and Religion
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Sample Questions
Q1) Ideally,tracking would help both gifted and slower learners.The research indicates,however that tracking:
A) hurts gifted and slower learners.
B) modestly helps gifted learners and significantly hurts slower learners.
C) significantly helps gifted learners and modestly helps slower learners.
D) modestly hurts gifted learners and significantly helps slower learners.
Q2) John believes that the educational system is good because it's been around for a long time and provides much needed training for the population.He believes in which model of education?
A) structural-functional
B) conflict
C) capitalist
D) symbolic interactionist
Q3) The role of the school in teaching obedience and conformity is called:
A) the formal curriculum.
B) bureaucratic standards.
C) principles of conformity.
D) the hidden curriculum.
Q4) What are the unanticipated negative consequences of high stakes testing?
Q5) Is a college education a good investment? Why or why not?
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Politics and the Economy
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Sample Questions
Q1) What are some of the policies that the U.S.could implement to prevent jobs for Americans from being outsourced due to globalization?
Q2) Which of the following would distribution NOT include?
A) how many new homes a community needs to build
B) how profits from business should be divided between owners and workers
C) who should support those who cannot work
D) what factors income should be based on
Q3) To say that the state claims a monopoly on the legitimate use of coercion means that:
A) all coercion by the state is legitimate.
B) the state determines who can use coercion legitimately.
C) all state power is coercive.
D) the state is the only institution that uses coercion.
Q4) Research suggests that the pluralist model of government is limited; the elite have more power than others in society.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Explain the various reasons that have been suggested for why so many people in the U.S.do not vote.
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Chapter 14: Population and Urbanization
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to ________,one result of urbanization will be that people become more cold,calculating,and indifferent to strangers.
A) conflict theory
B) symbolic interactionism
C) Louis Wirth
D) Herbert Gans
Q2) Research indicates that the most effect way to reduce fertility globally is to provide free contraceptives.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following is NOT a reason for the high value placed on children in Ghana?
A) educational desires for the future of the country
B) the creation of political ties through children's marriages
C) women's social status
D) economic security in the parents' old age
Q4) What is the difference between the birth rate and the fertility rate?
Q5) Discuss the economic,political,and cultural consequences of current patterns of low fertility in Italy and other European countries.
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Chapter 15: Social Change
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Sample Questions
Q1) Your text concludes that the wide variety of SMOs that exist within many social movements may be:
A) functional for the success of the movement.
B) more common among the least successful movements.
C) more common among revolutionary than reform social movements.
D) dysfunctional for the social movement.
Q2) Preexisting organizations that can provide the new movement with leaders,members,phone lines,copy machines,and other resources are known in political process theory as:
A) political opportunities.
B) pork.
C) extravagancies.
D) process opportunities.
Q3) The main difference between a social movement and collective behavior is that:
A) collective behavior is not violent.
B) social movements always involve huge numbers of people and collective behavior does not.
C) collective behavior is unplanned and social movements are organized.
D) collective behavior is planned and social movements are not.
Q4) What are the four possible outcomes of social movement activities?
Page 17
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