Course Introduction
Society and Culture Exam Practice Tests
Society and Culture examines the complex interactions between individuals, groups, and institutions within diverse societies. The course explores key sociological and anthropological concepts such as socialization, cultural norms, values, identity, social structures, and cultural change. Students analyze how culture shapes behavior, beliefs, and everyday practices, while considering the impact of factors such as class, gender, ethnicity, and globalization. Through case studies and theoretical frameworks, the course fosters critical awareness of cultural diversity and the ongoing processes that influence social cohesion, conflict, and transformation.
Recommended Textbook
Sociology in Our Times The Essentials 10th Edition by Diana Kendall
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16 Chapters
2099 Verified Questions
2099 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective and Research Process
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142 Verified Questions
142 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The first department of sociology in the United States was established at the University of Chicago, where the faculty was instrumental in starting the American Sociological Society (now known as the American Sociological Association).
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) According to the __________ perspective, society is the sum of the interactions of individuals and groups.
A) functionalist
B) conflict
C) postmodern
D) symbolic interactionist
Answer: D
Q3) Sociologist Robert K. Merton stated that in order for social institutions and other social units to be considered functional, their functions must be intended and recognized by all participants.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Page 3
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Chapter 2: Culture
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144 Verified Questions
144 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of these statements is the best description of the role of culture in human life?
A) Humans can choose whether or not to have culture.
B) Human behavior is completely determined by a particular culture.
C) Humans choose their behaviors and ideas from a cultural "tool kit."
D) Human thoughts and behaviors are generally unrelated to culture.
Answer: C
Q2) Describe subcultures and countercultures and provide two examples of each. Answer: A subculture is a category of people who share distinguishing attributes, beliefs, values, and/or norms that set them apart in some significant manner from the dominant culture. Examples could include Native Americans, Muslims, music fans, and motorcycle enthusiasts. Some subcultures actively oppose the larger society. A counterculture is a group that strongly rejects dominant societal values and norms and seeks alternative lifestyles. Examples of countercultures include members of nonmainstream religious sects, or cults, and groups such as the Ku Klux Klan, militias, neo-Nazi skinheads, and the Nation of Islam that may engage in revolutionary political activities.
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Chapter 3: Socialization
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127 Verified Questions
127 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to __________, we cannot form a sense of self without intense social interaction with others.
A) psychoanalysts
B) sociologists
C) psychologists
D) sociobiologists
Answer: B
Q2) Which of these is not an example of a rite of passage?
A) an annual dinner honoring all retiring employees
B) a quinceañera
C) a weekly religious service
D) a wedding
Answer: C
Q3) According to psychologist Carol Gilligan, the key weakness of Lawrence Kohlberg's model was that it___________________________________.
A) underestimated human potential for immorality
B) was based on only male respondents
C) ignored key social psychological insights
D) overemphasized the subconscious mind
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Social Structure and Interaction in Everyday Life
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128 Verified Questions
128 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cameron is a freshman at the local college. As a student, he is feeling pressure. He wants to party like the rest of his fraternity brothers, but at the same time, he wants to maintain his 4.0 grade point average. Sociologists would say that Jack is experiencing _________.
A) role conflict
B) role incompatibility
C) role reversal
D) role strain
Q2) Even today, a majority of homes in the United States lack access to the Internet.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Describe Goffman's dramaturgical analysis and explain what he meant by presentation of self.
Q4) Which of these is not true about postindustrial society?
A) there has been an information explosion
B) most people work in service or information-related occupations
C) mechanized production of goods within the society
D) knowledge becomes a commodity
Q5) Discuss the components of social structure and their relationship to each other.
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Chapter 5: Groups and Organizations
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132 Verified Questions
132 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe sociologist William Graham Sumner's concepts of ingroups and outgroups. Explain the positive and negative consequences of both ingroups and outgroups for members.
Q2) Men with red hair, people who wear glasses, people over 6 feet tall, and college women who belong to a sorority are each an example of a(n) __________.
A) social group
B) category
C) aggregate
D) formal organization
Q3) In 2010, concern about cost over-runs and staying on schedule kept executives of BP, Halliburton, and Transocean from sharing information and concerns with each other. The result was a shared assumption of safety that ultimately resulted in the explosion of a BP oil rig and an unprecedented environmental disaster. The failure to express concerns and confront potential risk is an example of __________.
A) false consciousness
B) the iron law of oligarchy
C) groupthink
D) self-fulfilling prophecy
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Chapter 6: Deviance and Crime
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138 Verified Questions
138 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) __________ argues that deviant behavior is learned in personal interaction with friends and family.
A) Differential association
B) Strain theory
C) Control theory
D) Labeling theory
Q2) Although there is no single feminist perspective on deviance and crime, three schools of thought have emerged, including the___________________________.
A) liberal feminist approach
B) ultrafeminist approach
C) conservative feminist approach
D) Durkheimian feminist approach
Q3) Explain Merton's strain theory and compare it with Cloward and Ohlin's opportunity theory.
Q4) Metropolitan areas have the highest percentage of minority and women police officers.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Explain the sociological definition of deviance.
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Chapter 7: Class and Stratification in the United States
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133 Verified Questions
133 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) __________ occurs when people experience a gain or loss in position and/or income that does not produce a change in their place in the class structure.
A) Horizontal mobility
B) Situational mobility
C) Vertical mobility
D) Structural mobility
Q2) Of the richest 20 people in the world, how many are women?
A) 3
B) 4
C) 6
D) 8
Q3) Computers and other technologies perform a great deal of work today, reducing the need for workers with special expertise. As a result, high-paying positions have been replaced with low-paying positions. This process has been termed __________.
A) deinstitutionalization
B) deindustrialization
C) disengagement
D) deskilling
Q4) Describe and compare the three types of systems of stratification.
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Chapter 8: Global Stratification
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119 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Between 1960 and 2010, the income gap between the richest and poorest countries grew to such an extent that poor countries now receive just $1 for every __________ received by the wealthiest countries.
A) $30
B) $50
C) $100
D) $150
Q2) Compared with lower-middle-income economies, nations having upper-middle-income economies typically __________.
A) have a somewhat higher standard of living
B) have higher levels of indebtedness
C) export less and keep more raw materials and fuels
D) have less political freedom
Q3) Within high-fertility countries, the fertility rates for the poor are higher than those for the wealthy within the same country.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Discuss global poverty and human development using the dimensions of health, life expectancy, and education.
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Chapter 9: Race and Ethnicity
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Sample Questions
Q1) The identifiers Jewish Americans, Irish Americans, and Italian Americans refer to a person's __________.
A) neighborhood
B) folkways
C) racial identity
D) ethnic group
Q2) Sociologist Joe Feagin distinguishes four different categories of discrimination. He uses the term __________ for harmful action intentionally taken by a dominant-group memberagainst a member of a subordinate group, with or without the support of other members of the dominant group in the same social context.
A) indirect institutionalized discrimination
B) isolate discrimination
C) small-group discrimination
D) direct institutionalized discrimination
Q3) Compare the racial and ethnic experiences of Asian Americans in the United States.
Q4) Explain the distinction between overt and subtle racism; give an example of each.
Q5) Define de jure segregation and de facto segregation and give an example of each.
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11
Chapter 10: Sex, Gender, and Sexuality
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127 Verified Questions
127 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Gender inequality and male dominance are uncommon in the twenty-first century.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What is labor market segmentation and what is its relevance for gender inequality?
Q3) Morgan Stanley, a Wall Street bank, allegedly hired females less frequently than males and often passed over females for promotion. These practices are examples of
A) institutional discrimination
B) institutional prejudice
C) individual discrimination
D) individual prejudice
Q4) Gender-appropriate behavior is __________.
A) acquired at birth
B) fixed and inalterable by age 5
C) learned through the socialization process
D) difficult for some people to learn
Q5) Discuss sexism: What are its components? Who can be sexist or the victims of sexism? What is the relationship of sexism to patriarchy?
Q6) What is the concept of "comparable worth"?
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Families and Intimate Relationships
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129 Verified Questions
129 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to sociologist Judy Root Aulette, "families we choose" include blood ties and legal ties, but they also include __________, persons who are not actually related by blood but who are accepted as family members.
A) informal kin
B) secondary kin
C) fictive kin
D) generalized kin
Q2) What constitutes a "family" has been widely debated. For many years, the standard sociological definition of family was __________.
A) a social network of people based on common ancestry, marriage, or adoption
B) a group of people who are related to one another by bonds of blood, marriage, or adoption and who live together, form an economic unit, and bear and raise children
C) a group of people that consists of a husband and wife, children from previous marriages, and children (if any) from the new marriage
D) a social network of people into which a person is born, composed of relatives, parents, and children who live in the same household
Q3) Describe the pattern in the United States of remarriage after divorce.
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Education and Religion
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131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the symbolic interactionist perspective on education and explain the significance of labeling and the self-fulfilling prophecy in educational achievement.
Q2) In any given religion, men and women will hold the same beliefs.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Modernity always leads to the secularization of a society.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Emile Durkheim used the term __________ to refer to things that inspire reverence and a deep sense of awe and respect that beyond the ordinary.
A) profane
B) sacred
C) spiritual
D) magical
Q5) Describe the functionalist perspective on religion and discuss its major functions in societies.
Q6) Discuss the conflict perspective on education and explain how tracking produces social inequality.
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Chapter 13: Politics and the Economy in Global Perspective
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130 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss the political system in the United States with regard to the extent of political participation, the nature of political parties, and current popular attitudes toward politics and government.
Q2) Explain the relationship between politics and government.
Q3) The Iron Triangle is also referred to as the __________, which results in the mutual interdependence of the military establishment and private military contractors.
A) military economy
B) permanent war economy
C) military-industrial complex
D) arms industry
Q4) Political institutions first emerged in __________ societies as they acquired surpluses and developed greater social inequality. Elites took control of politics and used custom or traditional authority to justify their position.
A) hunting and gathering
B) horticultural and pastoral
C) agrarian
D) industrialized
Q5) Define each of Weber's three types of authority and give an example of each.
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Chapter 14: Health, Health Care, and Disability
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117 Verified Questions
117 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Illness is a social construction; definitions may change over time and between cultures.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Chronic heavy drinking has been linked to __________.
A) high caloric consumption and high nutritional intake
B) low caloric consumption and high nutritional intake
C) low caloric consumption and low nutritional intake
D) high caloric consumption and low nutritional intake
Q3) Explain how the lifestyle factors of drug use affect health.
Q4) What is a drug?
A) any substance that may be ingested and has no nutritional value
B) a substance that is habit forming or addictive
C) any substance other than food and water that, when taken into the body, alters its function in some way
D) a pharmaceutical substance that is manufactured in a laboratory
Q5) Discuss the social implications of advanced medical technology, include examples to illustrate your points.
Q6) Discuss how the conflict perspective views inequalities in health and health care.
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Population and Urbanization
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the United States, after the Civil War, thousands of African Americans moved from the South to the North. This is an example of __________ .
A) international migration
B) emigration
C) internal migration
D) cross-national migration
Q2) The __________ is measured as the number of deaths per 1,000 people in a population in a given year.
A) total death rate
B) crude death rate
C) death quota rate
D) refined death rate
Q3) According to some contemporary economists using a Marxist perspective, the greatest crisis today facing low-income nations is __________, not a food shortage.
A) natural disaster
B) war
C) lack of contraception
D) capital shortage
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Chapter 16: Collective Behavior, Social Movements, and Social Change
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133 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) People in line to buy tickets for a concert and the audience in a movie theater are both examples of a __________.
A) category
B) mass
C) crowd
D) aggregate
Q2) Convergence theory has been criticized because it does not explain___________.
A) what draws people in a crowd together in the first place
B) the role of individuals' predispositions in the formation and behavior of crowds
C) how irrational crowd behavior can be contagious
D) the differences between those people who take collective action and those who do not
Q3) The most frequent types of __________ behavior are rumors, gossip, mass hysteria, public opinion, fashions, and fads.
A) riot
B) mob
C) crowd
D) mass
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