Social Work with Behavioral Focus Test Bank
Course Introduction
This course explores social work practice with an emphasis on behavioral approaches to assessment, intervention, and support. Students will learn foundational theories of behavior, including cognitive-behavioral and applied behavior analysis frameworks, and their application to diverse populations in various settings such as schools, healthcare, and community agencies. The course emphasizes the role of social workers in addressing behavioral challenges, developing evidence-based intervention plans, and collaborating with clients, families, and interdisciplinary teams to promote positive behavioral change and overall well-being. Ethical considerations, cultural responsiveness, and self-reflection are integrated throughout the curriculum to prepare students for effective and compassionate behavioral social work practice.
Recommended Textbook
Behavior Modification Principles and Procedures 6th Edition by Raymond G. Miltenberger
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50 Chapters
1609 Verified Questions
1609 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Behavior Modification
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10 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a dimension of behavior?
A)frequency
B)intensity
C)duration
D)all of these
Answer: D
Q2) During a football game,John made 6 tackles.The number of tackles John made is an example of:
A)latency.
B)intensity.
C)duration.
D)frequency.
Answer: D
Q3) Mary is recovering from a hand injury and trying to increase the strength of her grip.The strength of her grip is an example of:
A)latency
B)frequency
C)intensity
D)duration
Answer: C
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Chapter 1: A: Introduction to Behavior Modification
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55 Verified Questions
55 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Mark's parents are trying to figure out why he hits his little brother.The process of trying to identify the functional relationship between a behavior and the environment is referred to as:
A) targeting
B) analysis
C) modification
D) exploration
Answer: B
Q2) What dimension of behavior is a measure of how long the behavior occurred?
A) latency
B) frequency
C) duration
D) intensity
Answer: C
Q3) Behavior modification:
A) has a limited number of applications
B) has a broad number of applications
C) is mostly used with children
D) is rarely used these days
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: Observing and Recording Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) If you record how long a child with ADHD is out of his seat in class,what dimension of the behavior are you recording?
A)frequency
B)duration
C)intensity
D)latency
Answer: B
Q2) Continuous recording involves:
A)recording the behavior in consecutive intervals of time
B)recording each instance of the behavior
C)recording the product of the behavior
D)interval and time sample recording
Answer: B
Q3) Indirect assessment occurs through:
A)the person's recall of the behavior
B)watching the behavior and recording its occurrence
C)video recording the behavior and recording it from the video
D)all of these
Answer: A
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Page 5
Chapter 2: A: Observing and Recording Behavior
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55 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Merlin counted the number of times that he picked his nose each day.What dimension of behavior was he recording? _____________________________
Q2) Assessment that relies on information from interviews and questionnaires is called _________________________ assessment.
Q3) What is it called when two observers record the same behavior of the same person during the same time period and compare the results of their recording?
Q4) Which method will NOT reduce reactivity of observation?
A) observe through a one-way observation window
B) tell the person you are observing his/her behavior
C) wait until the person you are observing is accustomed to your presence
D) use participant observers
Q5) Which observation setting will provide the most representative sample of the target behavior?
A) analogue setting
B) manipulated setting
C) natural setting
D) controlled setting
Q6) What is the percentage of intervals scored by observer A? ______________
6
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Chapter 3: Graphing Behavior and Measuring Change
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Sample Questions
Q1) An A-B design:
A)demonstrates a functional relationship
B)does not demonstrate a functional relationship
C)is a research design
D)is used to compare two treatments
Q2) In a ______________ design,baseline and treatment conditions (or two treatment conditions)are conducted in rapid succession and compared with each other.
A)multiple baseline
B)alternating treatments
C)changing criterion
D)all of these
Q3) The _________ is a visual representation of the occurrence of behavior over time.
A)statistical analysis
B)graph
C)chart
D)table
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Chapter 3: A: Graphing Behavior and Measuring Change
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Sample Questions
Q1) What should be taken into account before using an A-B-A-B design?
A) Is it ethical to remove treatment?
B) Can treatment be removed?
C) Will the level of behavior reverse?
D) all of these
Q2) The units of behavior are labeled on the Y axis of a graph.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A critical feature of multiple-baseline designs is that:
A) baselines differ in length
B) treatment is staggered over time
C) A and B
D) none of these
Q4) In the A-B-A-B reversal design,baseline and treatment are implemented twice for one behavior of one subject.
A)True
B)False
Q5) In a multiple baseline across subjects design,there is a baseline and treatment phase for __________ behavior(s)of __________ subject(s).
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Chapter 4: Reinforcement
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Sample Questions
Q1) A behavior that is strengthened through the process of reinforcement is called (n)_______________.
A)conditioned response
B)unconditioned response
C)operant behavior
D)conditioned stimulus
Q2) _______________ demonstrated the 'law of effect," one of the earliest demonstration of reinforcement.
A)Thorndike
B)Skinner
C)Pavlov
D)Watson
Q3) A student in a special education classroom receives a reinforcer (a token)after every five correct responses on her math worksheet.This is an example of what schedule of reinforcement?
A)CRF
B)FR
C)VR
D)FI
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Page 9
Chapter 4: A: Reinforcement
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Sample Questions
Q1) Identify the five factors that influence the effectiveness of reinforcement.
Q2) The stimulus removed or avoided following the behavior in negative reinforcement is referred to as the ___________ stimulus.
A) natural
B) unconditioned
C) aversive
D) conditioned
Q3) On weekends,Laura comes home on time so that she is not grounded by her parents.Coming home on time in order to avoid being grounded is an example of:
A) positive reinforcement
B) escape behavior
C) avoidance behavior
D) punishment
Q4) An establishing operation is an event that makes a reinforcer more potent at a particular time.
A)True
B)False
Q5) A(n)_________________ schedule of reinforcement is used when a person is learning a new behavior.
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Chapter 5: Extinction
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Sample Questions
Q1) His parents give 4-year-old Tommy his favorite toy each time he cries.His parents decide his crying is a problem,so they no longer give him his toy when he cries.As a result,Tommy stops crying when he does not have his toy.This is an example of:
A)extinction of a negatively reinforced behavior
B)extinction of a positively reinforced behavior
C)intermittent reinforcement
D)none of these
Q2) Once a behavior is no longer reinforced,it often increases in frequency,duration,or intensity before it decreases.This phenomenon is called a(n)
A)extinction side effect
B)extinction effect
C)extinction burst
D)transition phase
Q3) If a behavior is no longer followed by a reinforcing consequence,the person will:
A)continue to engage in the behavior
B)stop engaging in the behavior
C)undergo extinction
D)become extinguished
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Chapter 5: A: Extinction
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Sample Questions
Q1) ___________________________ is the name of the phenomenon that happens when the behavior occurs again in the future after it had been eliminated with extinction.
Q2) When extinction is used following continuous reinforcement,the behavior will decrease more quickly.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following processes weakens operant behavior?
A) negative reinforcement
B) extinction
C) positive reinforcement
D) respondent conditioning
Q4) Extinction of a negatively reinforced behavior involves continuation of the _______ following the behavior.
A) aversive stimulus
B) reinforcer
C) conditioned stimulus
D) negative stimulus
Q5) When a behavior is no longer reinforced,the behavior _______________________ in the future.
Page 12
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Chapter 6: Punishment
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Sample Questions
Q1) In negative punishment,a stimulus is ____________ following the behavior and the behavior is weakened (less likely to occur in the future).
A)provided
B)increased
C)added
D)removed
Q2) ________________ is a stimulus that became a punisher by being paired with an unconditioned punisher or conditioned punisher.
A)conditioned punisher
B)conditioned reinforcer
C)unconditioned reinforcer
D)unconditioned punisher
Q3) When an aversive stimulus is delivered after a behavior it _________ the behavior,and when an aversive stimulus is removed after a behavior it ______________ the behavior.
A)strengthens;weakens
B)increases;decreases
C)weakens;strengthens
D)none of these
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Chapter 6: A: Punishment
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Sample Questions
Q1) Punishment does not involve an extinction burst.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Punishment is a process that decreases or weakens a behavior.
A)True
B)False
Q3) For punishment to be most effective,the behavior should be followed by a punisher every time it occurs.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A consequence can be considered a punisher if the:
A) consequence appears unfavorable
B) behavior decreases temporarily
C) behavior decreases in the future
D) consequence is extreme
Q5) Punishment by withdrawal is another name for _______________ punishment.
Q6) _______________ is the process in which a stimulus is delivered following a behavior and the behavior decreases in the future.
Q7) Describe how the use of punishment can be negatively reinforcing.
Q8) List 4 factors that influence the effectiveness of punishment.
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Chapter 7: Stimulus Control: Discrimination and Generalization
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Sample Questions
Q1) An antecedent stimulus that is present when the behavior is reinforced is a(n):
A)S-delta
B)reinforcer
C)discriminative stimulus
D)conditioned stimulus
Q2) If you provide a reinforcer when a rat presses a lever when a green light is on and,as a result,it also presses the lever when a similar color light is on (green/blue for example),_______________ has occurred:
A)reinforcement
B)stimulus control
C)generalization
D)extinction
Q3) An S<sup>D</sup> ______________ a behavior.
A)evokes
B)reinforces
C)punishes
D)extinguishes
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Page 15
Chapter 7: A: Stimulus Control: Discrimination and Generalization
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is a discriminative stimulus?
Q2) _____________ occurs when a behavior occurs in the presence of stimuli that are similar to the S<sup>D</sup>.
Q3) Stimulus discrimination training may also occur with punishment.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A stimulus that precedes a behavior is referred to as a(n)________________.
Q5) When a(n)____________ is present the behavior is more likely to occur.
Q6) When the family dog licks the faces of the children in the family,they laugh and give the dog a treat.When the dog licks the faces of the parents,they scold the dog.As a result,the dog no longer licks the faces of the parents,but continues to lick the faces of the children.The children's faces would be an example of a(n)________ for the dog licking their faces:
A) negative reinforcer
B) S-delta
C) unconditioned stimulus
D) discriminative stimulus
Q7) What is an S-delta?
Page 16
Q8) A(n)________________ is the stimulus that is present when a behavior is reinforced.
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Page 17
Chapter 8: Respondent Conditioning
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Sample Questions
Q1) A young child is at the aquarium was looking at fish swim by the glass on the side of the tank in front of her.Suddenly a large shark darted by the glass and startled the girl (she experienced autonomic arousal).The next time she was near the glass to the tank,she experienced the autonomic arousal again.In this example,identify the US and the CS.
A)shark;colorful fish
B)shark;autonomic arousal
C)shark,the glass to the tank
D)glass to the tank;autonomic arousal
Q2) Pavlov paired the sound of a metronome with meat powder in a dog's mouth.As a result,the dog started salivating to the sound of the metronome.Later,Pavlov presented the metronome without the meat powder.Eventually,the dog quit salivating when it heard the metronome.Days later when the dog heard the metronome again,it salivated again.This is an example of:
A)higher order conditioning
B)stimulus control
C)resurgence
D)spontaneous recovery
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Page 18
Chapter 8: A: Respondent Conditioning
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Sample Questions
Q1) In which temporal relationship between the unconditioned stimulus and the neutral stimulus is the unconditioned stimulus presented after the neutral stimulus ends?
A) delay conditioning
B) simultaneous conditioning
C) trace conditioning
D) backward conditioning
Q2) Stimulation that is painful to the body is as example of a(n)____________ stimulus.
A) neutral
B) conditioned
C) unconditioned
D) environmental
Q3) Which type of conditioning is it if the unconditioned stimulus is presented before the neutral stimulus ends?
A) delay
B) trace
C) backward
D) concurrent
Q4) List 5 factors that influence respondent conditioning.
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Chapter 9: Shaping
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Sample Questions
Q1) ________________ is defined as differential reinforcement of successive approximations of a target behavior.
A)shaping
B)discrimination training
C)stimulus control
D)intermittent reinforcement
Q2) In the example in the book,which variation of shaping was used to get Mrs.S to wait more time between bathroom visits?
A)generating a novel behavior
B)reinstating a previously exhibited behavior
C)changing some dimension of an existing behavior
D)all of these
Q3) Shaping can be used to:
A)generate a novel behavior
B)reinstate a previously exhibited behavior
C)change some dimension of an existing behavior
D)all of these
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Chapter 9: A: Shaping
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Sample Questions
Q1) When using shaping,each step should be ____________ to the target behavior.
A) identical
B) a closer approximation
C) irrelevant
D) B and C
Q2) In _______________ successive approximations of the target behavior are differentially reinforced until the individual engages in the target behavior.
A) conditioning
B) prompting
C) shaping
D) positive reinforcement
Q3) A teacher uses shaping to increase the loudness of a withdrawn child's voice.This would be an example of using shaping to:
A) reinstate a previous behavior
B) change a dimension of an existing behavior
C) generate a new topography of behavior
D) create a new behavior
Q4) Shaping ________ (is / is not)the appropriate procedure to use if you want to strengthen an existing behavior.
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Chapter 10: Prompting and Transfer of Stimulus Control
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Sample Questions
Q1) Verbal,gestural,modeling,and physical are types of ________________.
A)stimulus prompts
B)response prompts
C)stimulus control
D)all of these
Q2) In which procedure do you present the S<sup>D</sup>,wait a certain number of seconds,and then present the prompt if the correct response is not made?
A)prompting
B)fading
C)prompt delay
D)all of these
Q3) In which procedure do you gradually remove the stimulus prompt as the correct behavior occurs in the presence of the S<sup>D</sup>?
A)prompting
B)stimulus fading
C)prompt delay
D)all of these
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Chapter 10: A: Prompting and Transfer of Stimulus Control
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Sample Questions
Q1) Tammy's Dad is teaching her to drive.As they approach a stop sign,Tammy's Dad tells her to step on the brake and slow down.This is an example of a ____________ prompt.
A) stimulus
B) gestural
C) verbal
D) modeling
Q2) Once prompts have been faded,the behavior should be under the ___________ of the natural ___________.
Q3) Verbal,gestural,modeling and physical prompts are all examples of what category of prompts? ___________
Q4) If a person who used to engage in a behavior now refuses to,prompting and transfer of stimulus control is an appropriate procedure to get the person to engage in the behavior.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Identify four types of response prompts.
Q6) What is fading?
Q7) What is most-to-least prompting and fading?
Q8) What is a stimulus prompt?
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Chapter 11: Chaining
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Sample Questions
Q1) ________________ is a chaining procedure in which you use prompting and fading to teach the last behavior in the chain first.
A)forward chaining
B)backward chaining
C)total task presentation
D)all of these
Q2) You can conduct a task analysis by:
A)observing a competent person engaging in the task
B)asking an expert who performs the task well
C)performing the task yourself and recording each of the S<sup>D</sup>s and responses.
D)all of these
Q3) Which procedure is used to teach a person to engage in the sequence of behaviors involved in a stimulus-response chain?
A)forward chaining
B)backward chaining
C)total task presentation
D)all of these
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Chapter 11: A: Chaining
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Sample Questions
Q1) In which chaining procedure is the behavioral chain completed in every trial?
A) backward chaining
B) forward chaining
C) total task presentation
D) all of these
Q2) Which of the following is NOT a chaining procedure?
A) backward chaining
B) forward chaining
C) total task presentation
D) contingency chaining
Q3) The individual component behaviors that occur in a behavioral chain are called ____________ components.
A) overlapping
B) contingency
C) antecedent
D) stimulus-response
Q4) Behavioral chaining procedures are used to teach an individual to engage in a complex task.
A)True
B)False
Page 25
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Chapter 12: Behavioral Skills Training Procedures
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Sample Questions
Q1) Providing praise for correct behavior or further instruction for improving performance is called:
A)constructive criticism
B)feedback
C)a correction trial
D)corrective criticism
Q2) When does in situ training take place?
A)before instructions and modeling
B)after instructions and modeling
C)immediately after a behavioral skills training session
D)when the learner fails to use the skills during and in situ assessment
Q3) After providing instructions and modeling,what is the next thing the trainer should do when using behavioral skills training?
A)ask the learner to describe the correct behavior
B)provide another model in case the learner was not paying attention the first time
C)provide the learner with an opportunity to rehearse the behavior
D)tell the learner what not to do
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Chapter 12: A: Behavioral Skills Training Procedures
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Q1) Why is it important for the learner to repeat instructions?
Q2) Having someone demonstrate the correct behavior for the learner is called
Q3) BST in groups is most effective with large groups.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A psychologist is helping a student improve his social skills.After instructing him on how to carry on a conversation with other students,the psychologist has the student practice.Practicing the behavior after receiving instructions is referred to as:
A) modeling
B) feedback
C) rehearsal
D) testing
Q5) Describe how modeling,instructions,rehearsal and feedback are a part of a three-term-contingency.
Q6) You are using BST procedures to teach children to say "no" and walk away when someone offers them a cigarette.Describe the steps involved in the BST procedure that you will use to teach the children this skill.
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Chapter 13: Understanding Problem Behaviors Through
Functioning Assessments
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Q1) Mandy cries when her parents ask her to do a chore and she does not have to do the chore.As a result,she is more likely to cry when her parents ask her to do a chore.This is an example of:
A)social positive reinforcement
B)social negative reinforcement
C)automatic positive reinforcement
D)automatic negative reinforcement
Q2) Missy engages in head banging when she has an earache and the pain of the earache is lessened.As a result,she is more likely to bang her head when she has an earache.This is an example of:
A)social positive reinforcement
B)social negative reinforcement
C)automatic positive reinforcement
D)automatic negative reinforcement
Q3) Which is NOT functional assessment method?
A)indirect methods
B)direct observation methods
C)functional relationship methods
D)experimental methods
28
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Chapter 13: A: Understanding Problem Behaviors Through
Functioning Assessments
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Sample Questions
Q1) You have just conducted a functional assessment for Larry's problem behaviors of hitting,screaming and kicking.You hypothesize that when Larry's dad is busy and Larry throws a tantrum,his dad reinforces his problem behaviors by sitting down and talking with him.What would you do to determine your hypothesis is correct?
Q2) When conducting an interview,it is important to rely on inferences made by the informant.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Identify and describe three methods for conducting a functional assessment of a problem behavior.
Q4) The term functional analysis is synonymous with (means the same as):
A) functional assessment
B) experimental analysis
C) descriptive analysis
D) A and B
Q5) Functional assessments tell you the antecedents and consequences that maintain a problem behavior.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 14: Applying Extinction
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Q1) In the case of Willy,female staff responded to his problem behavior with arguing and explaining (attention).What category of reinforcement does this represent?
A)social positive reinforcement
B)social negative reinforcement
C)automatic positive reinforcement
D)automatic negative reinforcement
Q2) How does the schedule of reinforcement for a behavior prior to extinction affect extinction for that behavior?
A)the behavior will decrease more quickly following continuous reinforcement than following intermittent reinforcement
B)the behavior will decrease more quickly following intermittent reinforcement than following continuous reinforcement
C)the schedule of reinforcement does not affect extinction
D)extinction will not work following intermittent reinforcement
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Chapter 14: A: Applying Extinction
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Q1) When the problem behavior is maintained by a(n) schedule,extinction will be more rapid.
Q2) There are problem behaviors in which the change agent has no control over the reinforcer,making extinction impossible to be used.
A)True
B)False
Q3) It is always safe to remove the reinforcer for a problem behavior.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In an extinction burst:
A) the behavior may increase in frequency,intensity,or duration
B) novel behaviors may occur
C) emotional behaviors may occur
D) all of these
Q5) If a target behavior is maintained by negative reinforcement,extinction involves __________________________ escape from the aversive stimulus when the problem behavior occurs.
Q6) Extinction is by far the easiest behavior modification procedure to use.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 15: Differential Reinforcement
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Q1) In ______________ the reinforcer is contingent on the absence of the problem behavior.
A)DRA
B)DNRA
C)DRL
D)DRO
Q2) What two behavioral principles are involved in DRA?
A)reinforcement and stimulus control
B)continuous reinforcement and intermittent reinforcement
C)reinforcement and extinction
D)social and automatic reinforcement
Q3) ___________________ is a preference assessment procedure.
A)single stimulus assessment
B)paired stimulus assessment
C)multiple stimulus assessment
D)all of these
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Chapter 15: A: Differential Reinforcement
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Sample Questions
Q1) How can a reinforcer for an individual be identified?
A) ask the individual
B) observe the individual C) test potential reinforcers
D) all of these
Q2) In order for differential reinforcement to be most effective,the desirable behavior should be reinforced:
A) immediately
B) intermittently
C) randomly
D) A and B
Q3) In a DRA procedure,when the alternative behavior results in the same reinforcer as the problem behavior,we say that the alternative behavior is ___________ to the problem behavior.
Q4) In spaced responding DRL,the reinforcer is delivered for the absence of a behavior after a time interval has passed.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Provide an example of DRO.
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Chapter 16: Antecedent Control Procedures
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Q1) Which antecedent control procedure is illustrated in this example? To make it less likely he would eat holiday treats Nathan made sure there were no holiday treats at his home.
A)present an AO
B)present an EO
C)remove the S<sup>D</sup>
D)present an S<sup>D</sup>
Q2) Which antecedent control procedure is illustrated in this example? To make it less likely that she would eat junk food,Melissa removed all junk food from her house.
A)present an AO
B)decrease response effort
C)increase response effort
D)present an S<sup>D</sup>
Q3) Which antecedent control procedure is used to evoke a desired behavior?
A)remove the S<sup>D</sup>
B)present an AO
C)present the S<sup>D</sup>
D)increase response effort
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Chapter 16: A: Antecedent Control Procedures
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Q1) When identifying and defining the desirable and competing behaviors you need to determine whether you can:
A) reduce the response effort for the desired behavior
B) decrease the response effort for the competing behaviors
C) increase the response effort for the desired behavior
D) A and B
Q2) When Matt goes to bed at night he is unable to fall asleep because he usually takes a nap in the evening.Matt stops taking naps so that he is able to get more sleep at night.Which antecedent control strategy is Matt using to increase his desired behavior of getting more sleep at night?
A) arranging establishing operations
B) presenting the discriminative stimulus
C) decreasing response effort
D) removing the discriminative stimulus
Q3) Antecedent control procedures involve the manipulation of:
A) discriminative stimuli and cues
B) establishing operations
C) response effort
D) all of these
Q4) Antecedent control procedures are often used in conjunction with ___________.
Page 35
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Chapter 17: Using Punishment: Time-Out and Response
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Q1) In which type of time-out does the child remain in the room while being removed from access to positive reinforcers?
A)removal time-out
B)exclusionary time-out
C)nonexclusionary time-out
D)sit-in-place time-out
Q2) ______________________ procedures are usually not the first choice of interventions for decreasing problem behaviors:
A)antecedent control
B)differential reinforcement
C)punishment
D)extinction
Q3) Johnny hit his sister and as a result,his mother said he could not watch TV for the rest of the day.What procedure is illustrated in this example?
A)exclusionary time-out
B)nonexclusionary time-out
C)response cost
D)extinction
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Chapter 17: A: Using Punishment: Time-Out and Response
Cost
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Q1) When a behavior occurs and is followed by the removal of a stimulus that results in a decrease in the behavior in the future,it is referred to as:
A) negative punishment
B) positive punishment
C) negative reinforcement
D) extinction
Q2) In response cost,the reinforcer that is lost is sometimes returned to the child after a period of time.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In behavior modification,an aversive stimulus is defined in terms of:
A) how painful it is
B) its effect on behavior
C) how unpleasant it is
D) all of these
Q4) Time-out will be successful only if the time-in environment is
Q5) Describe nonexclusionary.
Q6) When should punishment procedures be considered?
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Chapter 18: Positive Punishment Procedures and the Ethics of
Punishment
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Q1) In a ______________ procedure,when the person engages in a problem behavior in response to a demand,the person is guided physically through the requested activity (such as an educational task).
A)contingent exercise
B)positive practice
C)restitution
D)guided compliance
Q2) In ________________,contingent on each instance of the problem behavior,the client must correct the environmental effects of the problem behavior and restore the environment to a condition better than that which existed before the problem behavior.
A)contingent exercise
B)positive practice
C)restitution
D)response cost
Q3) What is the SIBIS procedure?
A)an automated behavior recording procedure
B)an apparatus that uses shock to treat self-injurious behavior
C)a procedure that uses noise to decrease habit behaviors
D)a type of self-injurious behavior
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Chapter 18: A: Positive Punishment Procedures and the
Ethics of Punishment
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Q1) Which of the following procedures is NOT involved in the use of guided compliance?
A) negative punishment
B) positive punishment
C) negative reinforcement
D) extinction
Q2) Guided compliance involves positive punishment for noncompliance and negative reinforcement for compliance.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Erica tends to rush through her arithmetic problems on her homework assignments and ends up making numerous errors.How could Erica's teacher implement a positive practice procedure to decrease math errors?
Q4) In contingent exercise,what must the learner do following the problem behavior?
A) correct the environment damaged by the behavior
B) comply with the task that was requested prior to the problem behavior
C) repeatedly engage in the correct behavior
D) engage in an effortful behavior that is not related to the problem behavior.
Q5) Application of aversive activities is based on what principle? ___________
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Q6) In the positive practice procedure,the client has to engage in ___________.
Chapter 19: Promoting Generalization
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Q1) While teaching parenting classes to parents with disabilities,Joel includes a large variety of circumstances in which the parents will need to use the parenting skills and has the parents practice the skills in each of these circumstances.What strategy to promote generalization is illustrated in this example?
A)Training skills that contact natural contingencies of reinforcement
B)Modifying contingencies of reinforcement and punishment in the natural environment
C)Incorporating a wide range of relevant stimulus situations in training
D)Incorporating common stimuli
Q2) While teaching parenting classes to parents with disabilities,Joel taught the parents a variety of different ways to exhibit the skills (for example,a number of different ways to reinforce their child's appropriate behavior. )What strategy to promote generalization is illustrated in this example?
A)Incorporating common stimuli
B)Teaching a range of functionally equivalent responses
C)Providing cues in the natural environment
D)Incorporating self-generated mediators of generalization
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Chapter 19: A: Promoting Generalization
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Q1) Functional intervention strategies that are used to decrease problem behaviors include all of the following except:
A) extinction
B) differential reinforcement
C) punishment
D) antecedent manipulations
Q2) What is likely to happen to the problem behavior if functionally equivalent alternative behaviors aren't used to replace the problem?
Q3) One cannot determine in advance how many stimulus exemplars are sufficient for generalization to occur.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In order to increase the probability that the target behavior will occur in all relevant situations following training,you should:
A) use punishment on competing behaviors
B) reinforce the behavior in the presence of the S-delta
C) program for generalization
D) conduct a task analysis
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Chapter 20: Self-Management
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Q1) In self-management,a person engages in a ____________________ behavior to influence the future occurrence of a _______________ behavior.
A)controlled;controlling
B)controlling;controlled
C)independent;dependent
D)dependent;independent
Q2) Why might people fail to exercise even though it is good for them in the long run?
A)exercise might be punished with sore muscles
B)high response effort is involved in exercise
C)competing behaviors that are reinforced immediately interfere with exercise
D)all of these
Q3) What does it mean to short circuit the contingencies in a self-management plan?
A)providing a reinforcer even when a target behavior does not occur
B)failing to provide a punisher for a behavior when it should have been delivered
C)failing to implement contingencies as written in a self-management plan.
D)all of these
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Chapter 20: A: Self-Management
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Q1) Lori wants to decrease the amount of pop that she drinks,and she arranges a contingency for meeting her goal.If she drinks more than two cans of pop during the day,she cannot watch television in the evening.What type of contingency has Lori arranged?
A) positive reinforcement
B) negative reinforcement
C) positive punishment
D) negative punishment
Q2) When individuals use behavior modification procedures to change their own behavior it is referred to as:
A) contingency control
B) functional control
C) self-monitoring
D) self-management
Q3) Which of the following is NOT a self-management strategy?
A) arranging punishing contingencies
B) self-instructions
C) goal setting
D) respondent conditioning
Q4) List the steps involved in developing a self-management plan.
Page 43
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Chapter 21: Habit Reversal Procedures
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Q1) The involvement of significant others in the habit reversal treatment is called
A)motivation strategy
B)awareness training
C)competing response training
D)social support
Q2) Which of the following is a type of habit behavior?
A)nervous habit
B)motor tic
C)stuttering
D)all of these
Q3) After learning the definition of the habit behavior,the clients then learns to identify when the habit occurs.Which habit reversal component is this?
A)motivation strategy
B)awareness training
C)competing response training
D)social support
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Chapter 21: A: Habit Reversal Procedures
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Sample Questions
Q1) Habit disorders are ________________ behaviors.
Q2) A psychologist teaches Matt to put his hand in his pocket whenever his habit of cracking knuckles occurs or is about to occur.Training an individual to engage in a behavior that is incompatible with the habit behavior is referred to as ____________ training.
A) contingent response
B) awareness
C) operant
D) competing response
Q3) All of the following are examples of nervous habits except:
A) nail biting
B) cracking knuckles
C) stuttering
D) jingling money in a pocket
Q4) The __________________ component of habit reversal teaches the client to become aware of each occurrence of the habit behavior.
Q5) What is the main way in which the habit reversal procedure varies across the different types of habit disorders?
Q6) It is believed that nervous habits serve to diminish ________________.
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Chapter 22: The Token Economy
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Q1) What is true regarding the use of response cost in a token economy?
A)response cost is always used
B)response cost is not always used but when it is,the token economy starts with response cost
C)response cost is not always used but when it is,the token economy gets established and then response cost is added
D)response cost is not used in a token economy
Q2) _______________ is a reinforcement system in which conditioned reinforcers are delivered for desirable behaviors and later exchanged for back up reinforcers
A)behavioral contract
B)token economy
C)structured reinforcement plan
D)response cost
Q3) Which of the following would not be a good item to use as a token in a token economy with elementary students?
A)pennies
B)hole punches in a card made with a uniquely shaped hole punch
C)smiley face stickers
D)all of these
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Chapter 22: A: The Token Economy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is true concerning a token economy?
A) desirable behavior can be immediately reinforced
B) tokens are not easy to dispense and accumulate
C) a token economy is easy to implement in terms of time and effort
D) A and C
Q2) A response cost component might be implemented in a token economy if:
A) undesirable behaviors do not compete with desirable behaviors
B) the problem behaviors are not socially significant C) the change agent can get the tokens back D) there are no competing behaviors
Q3) When a response cost procedure is included,it should be introduced before the token economy has been in place for a period of time.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What is the purpose of a token economy?
Q5) How does a token become a conditioned reinforcer?
Q6) The change agent should provide ________________ to the individual while delivering the tokens for appropriate behavior.
Q7) In a token economy tokens are exchanged for _________________________.
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Chapter 23: Behavioral Contracts
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Q1) In a __________________ contract,one person seeks to change a target behavior and arranges reinforcement or punishment contingencies with a contract manager,who implements the contingencies.
A)two party
B)quid pro quo
C)one party
D)parallel
Q2) An acceptable method for measuring the target behavior in a behavioral contract is:
A)permanent product
B)automated recording
C)direct observation by the contract manager or an agreed-upon third party.
D)all of these
Q3) When Steve wrote a behavioral contract that said if he did not write 9 pages he would lose a record album (if he wrote 9 pages he avoided losing an album),what kind of contingency was he arranging?
A)negative reinforcement
B)positive reinforcement
C)negative punishment
D)positive punishment
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Chapter 23: A: Behavioral Contracts
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Q1) Two types of two party contracts are ________________________ and __________________________.
Q2) What are 2 ways in which a rule-governed behavior can operate to influence the target behavior?
Q3) Sarah writes a behavioral contract with her parents that states she will clean the house if she comes home past her curfew.Which contingency in a behavioral contract involves providing a consequence when an undesirable behavior occurs?
A) positive punishment
B) negative punishment
C) positive reinforcement
D) negative reinforcement
Q4) A behavioral contract in which the behavior change of one individual functions as the reinforcer for the behavior change of another individual is called a:
A) quid pro quo contract
B) functional agreement
C) parallel contract
D) two-party contingency
Q5) Define a one party contract.
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Chapter 24: Fear and Anxiety Reduction Procedures
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Q1) What respondent behavior is involved in a fear?
A)autonomic nervous system arousal
B)escape and avoidance behavior
C)negative thinking
D)all of these
Q2) ________________ produces relaxation by directing attention to a neutral or pleasant stimulus to remove the person's attention from the anxiety-producing stimulus.
A)progressive muscle relaxation
B)diaphragmatic breathing
C)attention-focusing exercises
D)behavioral relaxation training
Q3) What operant behavior is involved in a fear?
A)autonomic nervous system arousal
B)escape and avoidance behavior
C)anxiety
D)all of these
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Chapter 24: A: Fear and Anxiety Reduction Procedures
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Q1) Which of the following is NOT true concerning in vivo desensitization?
A) the individual makes actual contact with the feared stimulus
B) there is not a problem with generalization
C) it does not require a lot of time to implement
D) relaxation training is not always used
Q2) The respondent behavior in fear and anxiety problems involves ____________,and the operant behavior involves ____________.
A) autonomic nervous system arousal;escape or avoidance behavior
B) escape or avoidance behavior;autonomic nervous system arousal
C) autonomic nervous system arousal;autonomic nervous system arousal
D) escape or avoidance behavior;escape or avoidance behavior
Q3) Progressive muscle relaxation involves systematically ________________ and ________________ major muscle groups in the body.
Q4) Diaphragmatic breathing involves:
A) deep,rhythmic breathing
B) tensing and relaxing each of the major muscle groups in the body
C) listening to a therapist who provides images of relaxing scenes
D) assuming relaxed postures with all parts of the body supported in a recliner of comfortable chair
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Chapter 25: Cognitive Behavior Modifications
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Q1) In ___________________ procedures,the therapist helps the client identify cognitive behaviors that are distressing and then helps the client get rid of these distressing thoughts or replace them with more desirable thoughts.
A)cognitive behavior
B)cognitive coping skills training
C)cognitive restructuring
D)acceptance-based therapies
Q2) ___________________ procedures are designed to teach new cognitive behaviors that are then used to promote other desirable behaviors
A)cognitive behavior
B)cognitive coping skills training
C)cognitive restructuring
D)all of these
Q3) _______________ procedures are designed to replace specific maladaptive cognitive behaviors with more adaptive ones.
A)cognitive behavior
B)cognitive coping skills training
C)cognitive restructuring
D)all of these
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Chapter 25: A: Cognitive Behavior Modifications
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Q1) Which of the following is a behavioral definition of cognitive behavior?
A) self-esteem
B) self-confidence
C) self-efficacy
D) none of these
Q2) Which of the following is true regarding acceptance-based therapies?
A) the client learns to change her thinking to change her negative feelings
B) the client learns to accept her negative feelings because meaningful behavior change is impossible
C) the client learns to guide her own behavior through self talk
D) none of these
Q3) What are acceptance-based therapies?
Q4) Paul shares his toys with other children and covertly tells himself,"Good job! You're a good person." These statements make it more likely that he will share his toys.In this example,Paul's cognitive behavior is functioning as a (n):
A) discriminative stimulus
B) conditioned stimulus
C) reinforcing consequence
D) unconditioned response
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