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The Social Work Capstone course serves as a culminating academic experience for students nearing completion of their social work degree. This course integrates theoretical frameworks, ethical principles, and practical skills acquired throughout the program, allowing students to demonstrate their readiness for professional practice. Through comprehensive projects, reflective assignments, and case analyses, students synthesize knowledge, apply evidence-based interventions, and critically evaluate their growth as emerging social workers. The capstone emphasizes critical thinking, professional development, and preparation for the transition into the workforce or advanced study within the field.
Recommended Textbook Research Methods for Social Work 8th Edition by Allen Rubin
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Q1) A family preservation program director helps design a study that evaluates the effectiveness of her program to keep children living with their abusive parents by providing the families with daily home visits by social workers.She expects the evaluation to show a dramatic reduction in reported child abuse incidents.Instead,the results show an increase in reported child abuse incidents.The director then concludes that the program was undoubtedly effective,reasoning that there really could not possibly have been an increase in actual abuse due to her program,just an increase in reportage of abuse due to closer monitoring in the daily home visits.The director is committing the error of
A) illogical reasoning.
B) ex posacto hypothesizing.
C) premature closure of inquiry.
D) selective observation.
E) mystification.
Answer: B
Q2) Explain what is meant by the statement,"Tradition and authority are the two-edged swords in the search for knowledge about the world."
Answer: will vary
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Q1) The top-down approach to searching for evidence has the advantage of feasibility but can be risky in light of the fallibility and possible bias of experts.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) The term evidence-based practice and the term evidence-based practices have the same meaning.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Evidence-based practitioners will
A) assume that evidence on practice effectiveness will find its way to them.
B) assume that the published studies they find are scientifically valid.
C) use research methods to evaluate whether the evidence-based actions they take are resulting in the outcomes they seek to achieve.
D) All of the above are true.
E)None of the above is true.
Answer: C
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Q1) An independent variable is
A) a theoretical concept.
B) a variable influencing other variables.
C) a variable influenced by other variables.
D) a set of attributes.
E)either b or c, depending upon the variable.
Answer: B
Q2) Which of the following statements is are not true about social work practice models?
A) Some models expand over time, encompassing new areas of research findings and theory.
B) Distinctions between some models can become blurred over time.
C) One's orientation to a practice model can influence the way one chooses to conduct a research study.
D) All of the above are true.
E) None of the above is true.
Answer: D
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Q1) Mixed-methods studies cannot implement quantitative and qualitative methods concurrently; they must start with one or the other.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Describe the contrasting emphases of quantitative and qualitative studies.
Q3) If researchers wanted to find the average age of all licensed social workers in a country,they would undertake:
A) a qualitative study.
B) a quantitative study
C) a mixed-methods study.
D)None of the above.
Q4) Which of the following is/are an aim of qualitative studies?
A) Deeper understanding.
B) Generating hypotheses.
C) Discovery.
D)All of the above
Q5) Identify and briefly describe seven main phases in the research process.
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Q6) Provide an example of how quantitative and qualitative methods can be complimentary in the same study

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Q1) Once people are told that their participation in a research study is voluntary,there are no ethical problems.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following statements is/are true about IRB procedures or requirements?
A) All IRBs use the same amounts of required forms.
B) All research must undergo a full review; there are no exemptions for expedited reviews.
C) All IRBs are expected to require education on the protection of human research participants for each research assistant in studies involving human subjects.
D) All of the above are true.
Q3) Certificates of confidentiality are used because police or other authorities mighorce disclosure of participants' identities in research data.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Are there any situations in which a researcher is justified in deceiving subjects? Explain your answer.
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Q1) The best time to read about the culture of a population you seek to research is after you design your investigation.
A)True
B)False
Q2) No ethnic minority group is homogeneous.
A)True
B)False
Q3) It is not always easy to define who qualifies as a member of a specific ethnic minority group.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Explain the difference between linguistic,conceptual and metric equivalence.
Q5) The degree of acculturation might influence which term minority group participants prefer to label their ethnicity.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Describe the steps you would take early on in designing to maximize the cultural competence of your research on a social problem among a Native American tribe living on a reservation.
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Q1) Social work research and practice are both different problem-solving processes.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Explanatory studies are designed to find answers to which of the following questions?
A) Are people's attitudes toward public welfare changing?
B) Why are people's attitudes toward public welfare changing?
C) Who watches soap operas?
D) Is a measurement scale valid?
Q3) To generate hypotheses or tentative new insights about a new phenomenon,a researcher would undertake:
A) a trend study.
B) an explanatory study.
C) an exploratory study.
D) a longitudinal study.
E) a descriptive study.
Q4) Feasibility should NOT be a consideration when formulating an idealistic,far-reaching study.
A)True
B)False

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Q1) A study tests the hypothesis that the provision of social work intervention will reduce the school dropout rate.Iinds that social work intervention reduces the dropout rate only of children whose families are experiencing high levels of family stress.In this study,what type of variable is "level of family stress"?
A) independent variable.
B) dependent variable.
C) moderating variable.
D) It could be an independent or dependent variable; it depends on whether it is stated first or second in the hypothesis.
Q2) The real and observable things that give evidence of the presence or absence of the concept being studied are called:
A) dimensions
B) indicators.
C) concepts.
D) measures.
E) definitions.
Q3) It is possible to have several indicators of only one concept.
A)True
B)False
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Q1) Professor Smith gave an exam on Monday.On Wednesday Smith gave the same class the same exam.Professor Smith was clearly interested in assessing the exam's A) reliability.
B) validity.
C) face validity.
D) conceptualization.
E) precision.
Q2) Validity refers to the link between the operational and conceptual definitions.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Face validity is a form of empirical validity.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The tendency to give a favorable impression of oneself is an example of random error.
A)True
B)False
Q5) If a measure is valid,it must also be reliable. A)True
B)False

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Q1) A scale that is reliable and valid in one culture might not be reliable and valid in another culture.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Identify acceptable options for handling missing data in an index or scale.
Q3) Which of the following statements is/are INCORRECT?
A)Closed-ended questions should limit respondents to three or four choices.
B) Closed-ended questions should have response categories that are mutually exclusive and exhaustive.
C) Closed-ended questions should provide uniformity of response.
D) Closed-ended questions should cover the range of likely responses.
Q4) The questionnaire item "Which is not a serious problem in the U.S.today,anomie or the socialization of the young?" violates which of the following guidelines?
A) Avoid double-barreled questions.
B) Avoid short items.
C) Avoid leading the respondent.
D) Avoid meaningful questions.
E) Avoid negative items.
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Q1) Assume that you have developed a study technique that you believe will result in students scoring higher on research methods exams.You test your study technique with the design diagrammed below.
\[\begin{array} { l }
\mathrm { R } = \text { random assignment } \\
0 = \text { observation } \\
\mathrm { X } = \text { stimulus } \\
\begin{array} { l l l l }
\mathrm { R } & 01 & \mathrm {| X } & 02 \\
\mathrm { R } & 03 & & 04
\end{array} \\
\end{array}\] Using the diagrammed design,what predictions will you make?
A) 02 should be greater than 01.
B) 02 should be less than 04.
C) 04 should be greater than 03.
D) 04 should be less than 01.
Q2) The one-group pretest-posttest design controls for passage of time.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Explain what is meant by internal and external validity.
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Q1) When we switch replications in a non-equivalent comparison group design,we:
A) administer the treatment to the control group before posttesting.
B) can determine whether the difference between the groups at the first posttest may be attributed to the lack of comparability between the two groups.
C) decrease the chances of determining whether the difference between the groups at the first posttest may be attributed to a selection bias.
D)decrease the internal validity of the design.
Q2) Identify and explain four practical pitfalls commonly encountered when carrying out experiments and quasi-experiments in social agencies.
Q3) Cross-sectional designs have a high degree of internal validity because they show how causal processes occur over time.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Time-series designs with many measurement points control for maturation.
A)True
B)False
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Q1) Self-monitoring is an example of obtrusive observation.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Discuss why it can be argued that a single-case AB design,if done appropriately,has greater internal validity than a simple pretest/posttest group design with no control group:
Q3) Although AB designs offer the least control for history,they are often worth doing.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In single-case experiments,direct observation is always better than using self-report scales or available records.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Most social work target problems or goals cannot be defined in operational terms.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Discuss why it is best to have as many measurement points as possible in a single-case design.
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Q1) In order to foster the eventual utilization of an evaluation,one of the steps evaluators should take is to
A) make sure stakeholders are not involved in planning the evaluation.
B) ensure that program personnel do not influence the evaluation design.
C)involve stakeholders throughout all phases of the evaluation.
D) withhold the sharing of the evaluation report with stakeholders until it has been perfected and finalized.
Q2) What steps should program evaluators take in order to foster the utilization of their studies?
Q3) If a rigorous experimental assessment of program outcome finds that a program is not effective in attaining its goals,then there is no need to evaluate the program's implementation.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Describe five different approaches to needs assessment and their advantages and disadvantages.
Q5) Describe the impact managed care has had on program evaluation.
Q6) Discuss and provide an example of the value of the value of qualitative approaches to program evaluation.
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Q1) In general,as sample size increases
A) sampling error increases.
B) sampling error decreases.
C) sampling error will remain the same regardless of changes in sample size.
D) measurement error decreases.
Q2) In qualitative research,the informants selected should usually be somewhat typical of the groups being studied.
A)True
B)False
Q3) It is very conceivable that samples of the same size drawn from the same population using simple random sampling may not have exactly the same statistics.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Generalizing about how male batterers view women based on a sample of male batterers is an example of gender bias in sampling.
A)True
B)False
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Q1) The response rates to online surveys need to exceed 60 percent if the findings are to have any value.
A)True
B)False
Q2) When asking questionnaire items,the interviewer should
A) ask every question even if the respondent has apparently answered it already.
B) skip questions that the respondent cannot answer and return to them at the end of the interview.
C) react to a question after the respondent has answered to show interest
D) give help on difficult questions.
E) summarize the respondent's answers so that they are more meaningful answers.
Q3) Discuss the advantages of combining qualitative research methods with survey research methods.
Q4) When follow-ups are planned with mail surveys,
A) the anonymity of respondents can no longer be guaranteed.
B) more thoughtful answers are usually provided by those who wait until the follow-up to respond.
C) response rates typically increase.
D) response bias can no longer be estimated.
Q5) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of online surveys.
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Q1) After examining the FBI Crime Reports for a 30-year period,Professor Hall claimed that the incidence of rape has increased.After examining the same reports,Professor Shine claimed that the reporting of rape,not the incidence of rape,has increased.This illustrates
A) the problem of reliability in using existing statistics.
B) the problem of validity in using existing statistics.
C) the need to replicate existing statistics.
D) the ecological fallacy.
Q2) In comparison to coding the manifest content of communication,coding the latent content
A) has a disadvantage in terms of validity.
B) has an advantage in terms of reliability.
C) is better designed for tapping the underlying meaning of communications.
D) has an advantage in terms of specificity.
Q3) Unobtrusive measures can reduce the problem of
A) the researcher's impact on the phenomenon being studied.
B) invalid operationalization of concepts.
C) unreliable measurements.
D) invalid measurement.
E) none of the above.

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Q1) Using contemporary positivist standards,describe three key threats to the trustworthiness of qualitative research and six strategies commonly used to minimize the distorting influence of those threats.
Q2) A study that begins with observations and then looks for patterns,themes,or common categories is using what method?
A) Being a complete participant
B) Participatory action research.
C) Grounded theory.
D) Client logs.
Q3) An advantage of qualitative research is that
A) it enables the researcher to draw conclusions about the population.
B) the researcher can control the variables under study.
C) social life can be studied in a natural setting.
D) hypotheses can be rigorously tested.
Q4) Qualitative research is especially effective for
A) descriptive research.
B) examining social processes over time.
C) meeting the scientific norm of generalizability.
D) meeting the scientific norm of inter-subjectivity.
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Q1) Although there are no clear guidelines to follow,what ethical considerations should a researcher consider when choosing which role to assume in the field?
Q2) Explain what is meant by reflexivity and why it is a key part of qualitative research.
Q3) Which of the following statements is/are true about the interview guide approach?
A) It uses an outline of interview topics and issues to cover.
B) It is the most highly structured approach to qualitative interviewing.
C) It is the least structured approach to qualitative interviewing.
D) It relieves interviewers of the need to be completely familiar with its contents before beginning any interviews.
Q4) Which of the following statements is true about the emic and etic perspectives?
A) They both emphasize maintaining your objectivity.
B) They both deemphasize maintaining your objectivity
C) You must adopt one perspective or the other, rather than try to adopt both postures.
D) It is difficult, yet possible, to assume both the emic and the etic perspectives.
Q5) How does qualitative interviewing differ from quantitative survey interviewing?
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Q1) Qualitative data analysis may be undertaken for
A) descriptive purposes, only
B) the construction of an ethnography, only.
C) explanatory purposes, only.
D) descriptive or explanatory purposes, or the construction of an ethnography.
Q2) In the Lofland's terms,Professor Lip,from the prior question,was interested in examining which of the following ways of looking for patterns?
A) Frequencies
B) Magnitudes
C) Causes
D) Consequences
E) Processes
Q3) Define what is meant by variable-oriented analysis and what is meant by case-oriented analysis.Give an example of a research project in which you would use variable-oriented analysis and one where you would use case-oriented analysis.
Q4) Define what is meant by qualitative analysis and what is meant by quantitative analysis.What are the differences between the two forms of analysis? Are there similarities between the two? If so,describe some of the similarities.If no,why not?
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Q1) Provide an example of how descriptive statistics can be used in qualitative research.
Q2) What is the purpose of data cleaning? How is it done?
Q3) A researcher believes that a person's occupation affects his or her political party preference.Given the following data on occupation and political party preference,construct a contingency table.Percentage the table and interpret your results.
\( \begin{array}{ll}\text { Semiskilled } & \text { Republican } \\ \text { Unskilled } & \text { Republican } \\ \text { Semiskilled } & \text { Democrat } \\ \text { Skilled } & \text { Other } \\ \text { Semiskilled } & \text { Other } \\ \text { Unskilled } & \text { Other } \\ \text { Semiskilled } & \text { Democrat } \\ \text { Semiskilled } & \text { Democrat } \\ \text { Unskilled } & \text { Other }\end{array} \)
Q4) In a well-constructed table,readers will have to read the narrative text of the report before they will be able to tell what each variable in the table is and interpret the overall meaning of the table.
A)True
B)False
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Q1) Interpret the meaning of an odds ratio finding in which 80 percent of Intervention A recipients had a successful outcome,and 50 percent of Treatment As Usual recipients had a successful outcome.
Q2) A research article reports that clients who received Intervention A had a 20% recidivism rate,while clients who received Intervention B had a 30% recidivism rate.What can be inferred from these statistics?
A)Intervention A is more effective than Intervention B.
B) The difference in recidivism rates may have been due to chance.
C) We risk a Type II error if we conclude that Intervention A is more effective than Intervention B.
D) We risk a Type I error if we conclude that the difference in recidivism rates may have been due to chance.
Q3) Inferential statistics are used primarily for describing samples.
A)True
B)False
Q4) If a Cohen's d effect size exceeds .6,the finding is statistically significant.
A)True
B)False
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Q1) If two correlated variables each have a bivariate correlation of .25 with a third variable,then the multiple correlation of the three variables combined will be .50.
A)True
B)False
Q2) If your probability of a Type Il error is .30,then your statistical power is:
A).30
B).05
C).70
D).80
Q3) Chi-square should be used to test the significance of relationships between the ratio level variables.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Statistical power increases when
A) larger sample sizes are selected.
B) lower significance levels are used.
C) a weaker relationship in the population is assumed.
D) it is done on a post hoc basis.
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Q1) Reports of qualitative research studies are more likely to use more creative and varied literary styles than reports of quantitative studies.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Describe how qualitative research reports often differ from quantitative ones.
Q3) Discuss how the guidelines for writing a research proposal will vary depending on the proposal's purpose.
Q4) If you're reporting a qualitative study,presenting only those data that support your interpretations is sufficient.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The presentation of data analyses in research reports should provide a maximum of detail without being cluttered.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Discuss the characteristics that distinguish weak from strong literature reviews in research proposals and research reports.
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