Social Science Statistics
Practice Exam
Course Introduction
Social Science Statistics provides an introduction to the fundamental statistical concepts and techniques used in social science research. The course covers topics such as data collection, descriptive statistics, probability distributions, hypothesis testing, correlation, regression analysis, and interpretation of statistical findings. Emphasis is placed on applying statistical methods to real-world social science data, understanding the strengths and limitations of different analytical approaches, and critically evaluating statistical results in published research. Through lectures, hands-on exercises, and software-based analysis, students gain practical skills for conducting quantitative research and drawing valid conclusions about social phenomena.
Recommended Textbook
Statistics for People Who Think They Hate Statistics 6th Edition by Neil J. Salkind
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Chapter 1: Statistics or Sadistics Its up to You
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Q1) Most of the basic statistical procedures were first developed and used in other fields and used to study human behavior much later.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Inferential statistics involve _______ the data.
A)organizing
B)balancing
C)editing
D)interpreting
Answer: D
Q3) One of the most basic ways to ensure some success in doing well in this course is to ______.
A)form a study group
B)take notes
C)talk to your friends
D)look up in dictionary
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Means to an End: Computing and Understanding Averages
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Q1) What is the 75th percentile also known as?
A)Q1
B)Q2
C)Q3
D)Q4
Answer: C
Q2) When is the mode the best measure of central tendency to use?
Answer: The mode should be used when working with categorical or nominal data (e.g., gender).
Q3) What is the mean value for the following scores: 10, 35, 40, 60, 55, 25, 50?
A)45
B)44.17
C)40
D)39.29
Answer: D
Q4) When is the ordinal level of measurement the correct level of measurement to use?
Answer: When we measure a variable that has a ranking order like class ranking, we can use the ordinal level of measurement.
Page 4
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Chapter 3: Vive La Différence: Understanding Variability
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the difference between the inclusive and exclusive range?
Answer: The inclusive range is the highest score minus the lowest score plus one.The exclusive range, which is more often used in journal articles, is the highest score minus the lowest score.
Q2) If you know the standard deviation, what is the quick way to compute the variance?
Answer: You can square the standard deviation to compute the variance of the same set of scores.
Q3) If you have a lowest score of 21 and a range of 47, your highest score will be
A)26
B)21
C)47
D)68
Answer: D
Q4) Variability is also called dispersion or spread. A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is among the things to remember when creating figures?
A)use a lot of text
B)all graphs communicate several ideas
C)do not label anything
D)maintain the scale in the graph
Q2) When tallying and representing how often certain scores occur, which type of data illustration method is being used?
A)class interval
B)frequency distribution
C)histogram
D)polygon
Q3) What is the general principle of labelling in graph design?
A)Label everything.
B)Do not label everything.
C)Avoid labeling everything.
D)Do not avoid labeling everything.
Q4) More is more; the more functions, features, and so forth you can include on a graph, the better.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Ice Cream and Crime: Computing Correlation
Coefficients
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Q1) If X increases in value as Y decreases in value, what type of correlation exists?
A)positive
B)negative
C)neutral
D)none
Q2) A correlation coefficient comparing exercise and body mass is -.67.What does this say about the relationship between exercise and weight?
Q3) A mediating variable is often called ______.
A)an independent variable
B)a dependent variable
C)a confounding variable
D)none of these
Q4) This is a correlation that is best expressed as a straight line.
A)line correlation
B)direct correlation
C)strong correlation
D)linear correlation
Q5) How is a direct correlation different from an indirect correlation?
Q6) Is a correlation of 0.6 stronger than a correlation of -0.9? Why or why not?
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Chapter 6: Just the Truth: An Introduction to Understanding
Reliability and Validity
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Q1) Which of the following is the Greek letter associated with Cronbach's alpha, sometimes known as coefficient alpha?
A)k
B) C)
D)s
Q2) Which of the following is NOT a measure of reliability?
A)test-retest reliability
B)multiple-forms reliability
C)internal consistency reliability
D)interrater reliability
Q3) Which of the following is NOT a measure of validity?
A)content validity
B)parallel forms validity
C)criterion validity
D)construct validity
Q4) The correlation between two forms of the same test is called _______.
A)parallel forms reliability inverse reliability.
B)test-retest reliability
C)internal consistency reliability
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Chapter 7: Hypotheticals and You: Testing Your Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) A representative sample allows you to generalize your results to a _______.
A)smaller sample
B)smaller population
C)larger population
D)larger sample
Q2) What purposes does the null hypothesis serve?
Q3) A one-tailed test would be used with a directional research hypothesis.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Sampling error relates to how well a population approximates the characteristics of a sample.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Which of the following is an example of a nondirectional hypothesis?
A)There is a positive relationship between a high-fat diet and weight gain.
B)There is a negative relationship between a high-fat diet and weight gain.
C)There is a relationship between a high-fat diet and weight gain.
D)There is no relationship between a high-fat diet and weight gain.
Q6) What is the difference between the nondirectional research hypothesis and the directional research hypothesis?
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Are Your Curves Normal Probability and Why It
Counts
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Sample Questions
Q1) A score that is 2.5 standard deviations below the mean would have a z score of
A)2.5
B) 2.5
C)0
D)25
Q2) Which of the following is true of z scores that fall below the mean?
A)They are positive.
B)They are equal to the mode.
C)They are negative.
D)They are in the upper half of the distribution.
Q3) What are three characteristics of a normal curve?
Q4) If you know the z score, standard deviation(s), and mean (M), what formula would you use to compute the raw score (X)?
A)X = (z + s) ÷ M
B)M = z(s) + X
C)X = z(s) + M
D)z = (M - X) ÷ s
Page 10
Q5) Why is it important that the tails of a normal curve never touch the x-axis?
Q6) What is a z score?
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Chapter 9: Significantly Significant: What It Means for You and Me
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Sample Questions
Q1) Define power (with regard to hypothesis testing).
Q2) As compared with a 95% confidence interval, a 99% confidence interval would result in ______.
A)a wider range of values in the confidence interval
B)a smaller range of values in the confidence interval
C)the same range of values in the confidence interval
D)a range that cannot be determined in the confidence interval
Q3) Which of the following occurs when you reject the null hypothesis when it is really false?
A)Type I error
B)correct decision
C)Type II error
D)power
Q4) The degree of risk you are willing to take that you will reject the null hypothesis when it is actually true is called _______.
A)significance level
B)a Type II error
C)a Type II error.
D)power
Q5) Can something be significant and not meaningful?
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Chapter 10: Only the Lonely: The One Sample Z-Test
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Q1) A one-sample Z-test can be used to compare the mean of two samples. A)True
B)False
Q2) What are the guidelines in using effect size?
Q3) If your sample mean is 11, your population average is 17, and your standard error of the mean is 3, what is your observed z value?
A)14
B)8
C) 2
D)2.2
Q4) If you have a population standard deviation of 18 and a sample size of 36, what is your standard error of the mean?
A) 3
B)7
C)10
D)3
Q5) SPSS does not offer a one-sample t-test. A)True B)False
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Chapter 11: Tea for Two: Tests Between the Means of Different Groups
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Sample
Questions
Q1) What does the number 5.15 represent in the following: t = 5.15, p < .01?
A)test statistic
B)t value
C)degrees of freedom
D)probability
Q2) What does the symbol p represent in the following: t = 5.15, p < .01?
A)test statistic
B)t value
C)degrees of freedom
D)probability
Q3) The t-test for independent samples should be used when participants are tested multiple times.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What does the number 42 represent in the following: t = 5.15, p < .01?
A)test statistic
B)t value
C)degrees of freedom
D)significance level
Q5) Why do we calculate effect size?
14
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Chapter 12: Tea for Two Again: Tests Between the Means of Related Groups
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a t-test for dependent means, the research hypothesis could look like this: A) B) C) D)
Q2) Dr.Moo would like to find out if participants who love cats receive more speeding tickets than participants who love dogs.Identify the type of test she would need to use to determine this, and explain your answer.
Q3) The statistical procedure is used to generate the test statistic.What is test statistic known as?
A)critical value
B)significance level
C)obtained value
D)p value
Q4) Interpret, in words, what it means for a research question that a null hypothesis was accepted.
Q5) When considering a t-test for dependent samples, what is a D score?
Page 15
Q6) When considering a t-test for dependent samples, what is a D² score?
Q7) Under what circumstances would you use a t-test for dependent samples?
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Chapter 13: Two Groups Too Many Try Analysis of Variance
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Q1) Which of the following would be an example of a design that examines the effects of gender and region of residence (e.g., Northeast, South, Midwest, and West)?
A)simple ANOVA
B)one-way ANOVA
C)2 × 2 ANOVA
D)2 × 4 ANOVA
Q2) When interpreting F , = 10.80, p < .01, how many groups were examined?
A)60
B)57
C)3
D)2
Q3) When interpreting F , = 8.80, p < .05, what is the within-groups df?
A)30
B)27
C)3
D)2
Q4) The analysis of variance tests the difference between three or more means.
A)True
B)False
Q5) How is ANOVA similar to and different from a t-test?
Page 16
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Chapter 14: Two Too Many Factors: Factorial Analysis of
Variancea Brief Introduction
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Q1) An analysis that examines more than one dependent variable or outcome is known as _______ ANOVA.
A)multivariate
B)one-way
C)univariate
D)two-way
Q2) When plotted on a graph, if the lines representing the effects of two variables are parallel, you have _______.
A)an interaction effect
B)no interaction effect
C)possibly an interaction effect
D)an effect that cannot be determined
Q3) When analysis of data reveals a difference between levels of a factor, what is this called?
A)interaction effect
B)factor effect
C)level effect
D)main effect
Q4) What is a factorial ANOVA?
Q5) What are the three null hypotheses used in a 2 × 2 factorial analysis?
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Chapter 15: Cousins or Just Good Friends Testing
Relationships Using Correlation Coefficient
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following indicates a nonsignificant correlation?
A)p < .05
B)p < .01
C)p = .02
D)p = .30
Q2) The correlation coefficient can only be used for one-tailed tests.
A)True
B)False
Q3) If a research hypothesis predicts the direction of a relationship, the test is _______.
A)one tailed
B)two tailed
C)direct
D)positive
Q4) When computing a correlation coefficient, if you have 36 degrees of freedom, your sample size must be _______.
A)35
B)34
C)38
D)37
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Chapter 16: Predicting Wholl Win the Super Bowl: Using
Linear Regression
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Q1) Which of the following symbols is associated with the slope in the regression equation?
A)X
B) \[Y ^ { \prime }\] C)a
D)b
Q2) Which of the following symbols is associated with the y-intercept in the regression equation?
A)X
B) \[Y ^ { \prime }\]
C)a
D)b
Q3) What is another name for a regression line?
A)line of best fit
B)scatter plot line
C)line graph
D)line of the estimate
Q4) If the correlation between variable X and variable Y is perfect, what do you know about the prediction?
Q5) What is linear regression?
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Chapter 17: What to Do When Youre Not Normal:
CHI-Square and Some Other Nonparametric Tests
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Q1) Which of the following compares the overall difference between two or more independent samples on more than one dimension?
A)Wilcoxon rank test
B)The sign test
C)Friedman two-way ANOVA
D)Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA
Q2) Which of the following nonparametric tests is used to determine if the number of occurrences across categories is random?
A)McNemar
B)Fisher's exact
C)chi-square one-sample test
D)Spearman rank
Q3) The one-sample chi-square test is also called goodness of fit.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Nonparametric statistics incorporate fewer assumptions.
A)True
B)False
Q5) How do you interpret = 18.9, p < .05?
Page 20
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Chapter 18: Some Other Important Statistical Procedures
You Should Know About
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Q1) Which of the following statistical techniques is used when the value of one variable is used to predict the value of another variable?
A)ANOVA
B)EFA
C)linear regression
D)multiple regression
Q2) Which of the following procedures can be used to examine within-groups change over time?
A)ANOVA
B)ANCOVA
C)MANOVA
D)repeated-measures ANOVA
Q3) In data analysis, researchers often use a technique based on how well various items are related to one another and form clusters.What technique is this?
A)path analysis
B)logistic regression
C)factor analysis
D)meta-analysis
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Chapter 19: Data Mining: An Introduction to Getting the
Most Out of Your Big Data
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Q1) As a general rule, we need be as granular as possible in generating pivot tables.
A)True
B)False
Q2) According to Salkind, how many data sets are there in the Data.gov for the public to view?
A)more than 100,000
B)more than 500,000
C)more than 10,000
D)more than 50,000
Q3) What is the function of SPSS syntax?
A)language
B)programming language
C)codes
D)signs
Q4) Crosstabs create a table by summarizing this type of data.
A)interval
B)ratio
C)categorical
D)real
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Chapter 20: A Statistical Software Sampler
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Q1) Which of the following statistical software packages is free?
A)PSPP
B)Minitab
C)SPSS
D)JMP
Q2) Minitab contains utilities that include ReportPad, which is a report generator.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Self-prompting dialog boxes and the ability to use macros to automate tasks are features of _______.
A)SPSS
B)STATISTICA
C)Minitab
D)R
Q4) Almost all big statistics packages do the same things.However, they are different in the ways they do them.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter
Sites for Statistics Stuff
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Q1) The following course is an online component of a basic statistics course taught at the University of Newcastle, Australia, and contains a complete and interactive statistics text:
A)SurfStat Australia
B)StatMatch Australia
C)Statistics 101
D)Data Analysis 101
Q2) What is the resource locator that we often call the "web address?"
A)WA
B)URL
C)Locator
D)Address
Q3) A good resource for browsing hundreds and hundreds of links related to research is the University of Michigan's Research Guides page.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The URL of a website will work consistently from day to day.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 22: The Ten Commandments of Data Collection
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Q1) Practicing with _______ data can help you make sure that it is easy to go from your original scoring sheets to the data collection form.
A)high-scoring
B)any
C)pilot
D)lost
Q2) When you think about a research question, it is also important to think about the type of data you will have to collect to answer that question.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Never ______ the original data, such as the test booklets, interview notes, and so forth.
A)use
B)overuse
C)discard
D)destroy
Q4) Always make a duplicate copy of the data file.
A)True
B)False
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