Social Psychology
Midterm Exam
Course Introduction
Social Psychology is the scientific study of how people's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others. This course explores core topics such as social perception, attitudes, group dynamics, conformity, persuasion, prejudice, aggression, prosocial behavior, and interpersonal relationships. Through theoretical frameworks, empirical research, and real-world applications, students will develop a deeper understanding of how social environments shape individual and group behavior, and how psychological principles can be applied to address social issues.
Recommended Textbook
Personality Psychology Domains of Knowledge About Human Nature 4th Edition by Randy
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Page 2
J. Larsen
Chapter 1: Introduction to Personality Psychology
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Q1) Immanuel walks the same path every day at the same time.To state that he will most likely take the same route at the same time next Wednesday is using the _____ nature of personality traits.
A)descriptive
B)explanatory
C)predictive
D)individualistic
Answer: C
Q2) Which domain is most concerned with identifying the number of fundamental individual differences?
A)Biological
B)Dispositional
C)Intrapsychic
D)Social and cultural
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: Personality Assessment, Measurement, and Research Design
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Q1) I develop a Bleemness scale.It consists of one item, "How Bleem are you?" The most likely form of validity represented by this scale is A)criterion.
B)face.
C)construct.
D)internal.
Answer: B
Q2) Correlation cannot provide any information about A)significance.
B)causality.
C)directionality.
D)generalizability.
Answer: B
Q3) Projective techniques are unlike other types of T-data because
A)everyone receives the same instructions.
B)they reveal responses that indicate personality.
C)they use a standard testing situation.
D)responses are usually interpreted.
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Traits and Trait Taxonomies
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Sample Questions
Q1) Proponents of the five factor model have not included more traits
A)as they are unwilling to go beyond five traits.
B)as additional traits lack a theoretical basis.
C)as they see the newly proposed traits as already included in the "big five."
D)as no one has suggested additional traits.
Answer: C
Q2) According to Eysenck, which of the following traits is related to central nervous system arousal and reactivity?
A)Extraversion
B)Neuroticism
C)Psychoticism
D)Dominance
Answer: A
Q3) Cattell's taxonomy included _____ traits.
A)two
B)three
C)five
D)16
Answer: D
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Theoretical and Measurement Issues in Trait Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Polygraph machines measure
A)distortions in honesty.
B)the truth.
C)physiological arousal.
D)self deceptive enhancement.
Q2) You call your parents and tell them about a terrific opportunity you have been given by your university to go to an important conference.You tell your parents about all of the opportunities for career development and networking that the conference will offer.Then, you tell your parents that you need only $500 from them to make the trip.You are demonstrating the concept of
A)situational selection.
B)evocation.
C)manipulation.
D)guilt initiation.
Q3) Mischel thought that _____ were most important in determining behavior.
A)situations
B)attitudes
C)traits
D)intellectual abilities
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Personality Dispositions Over Time: Stability,
Coherence, and Change
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Questions
Q1) A longitudinal study of architects that spanned 25 years found that
A)successful architects scored high on independence and spontaneity scales.
B)successful architects scored high on conventionality and conservatism scales.
C)impulsivity and flexibility scale scores increased with age for successful architects.
D)successful architects had fewer health problems then less creative architects.
Q2) Personality changes take place when those changes are _____ and _____.
A)internal; progressive
B)external; phenotypical
C)internal; enduring
D)external; durable
Q3) _____ is defined as both the consistencies in people and the ways people change over time.
A)Personality development
B)Rank order stability
C)Mean level stability
D)Personality coherence
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7
Chapter 6: Genetics and Personality
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Q1) The term _____ refers to the complete set of genes an organism possesses.
A)"genome"
B)"eugenics"
C)"phenotypic"
D)"genotypic"
Q2) Which of the following estimates heritability most accurately?
A)The difference between the correlations of MZ twins and DZ twins.
B)Twice the difference between the correlations of MZ twins and DZ twins.
C)One-half the difference between the correlations of MZ twins and DZ twins.
D)Multiplying the correlations between MZ twins and DZ twins.
Q3) If the correlation between adoptive parents' traits and adopted children's traits is high we can assume
A)a genetic influence.
B)an environmental influence.
C)an influence of shared environment.
D)adoptive parents pick children similar to themselves.
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Chapter 7: Physiological Approaches to Personality
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Q1) Monoamine oxidase acts upon the nervous system by _____ neurotransmission.
A)maximizing
B)inhibiting
C)optimizing
D)moderating
Q2) Hebb's theory of an optimal level of arousal was controversial as it hypothesized that individuals
A)seek out tension and stimulation as well as try to reduce tension in the body.
B)seek out higher levels of tension without a means for reducing that tension in the body.
C)cannot maintain an optimal low arousal for significant period of time.
D)are punished when the individual is not in a state of optimal arousal.
Q3) According to Eysenck, introverts avoid social situations because
A)they do not like people.
B)they also score high on measures of anxiety.
C)they have too much monoamine oxidase.
D)they are likely to become over aroused in social situations.
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Chapter 8: Evolutionary Perspectives on Personality
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Sample Questions
Q1) The theory of frequency-dependent selection would state that as a the number of women in the population use a restricted mating strategy for attracting men the
A)number of sexy sons in the population will increase.
B)number of men willing to invest in their children will increase.
C)average success of the restricted mating strategy will decline.
D)restricted mating strategy will become a human nature level characteristic.
Q2) The idea of _____ implies/imply that we have mechanisms that are specialized in solving certain adaptive problem an individual encounters.
A)cognitive complexity
B)domain specificity
C)evolutionary niches
D)prototypicality
Q3) Biff works out for hours on end since he knows that women like muscular guys.He is reacting to the ______ selection pressure exerted by human females on males.
A)intersexual
B)intrasexual
C)innersexual
D)inertsexual
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Chapter 9: Psychoanalytic Approaches to Personality
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Sample Questions
Q1) _____ refers to the instinct for aggression and destruction.
A)The unconscious
B)Libido
C)Thanatos
D)The superego
Q2) According to Freud, children first begin to direct sexual desire outward during the _____ stage?
A)Oral
B)Anal
C)Phallic
D)Genital
Q3) The death instinct is also called A)Eros. B)thanatos.
C)wham.
D)Zeus.
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Chapter 10: Psychoanalytic Approaches: Contemporary Issues
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Q1) The first social attachments an infant develops become ______ for all meaningful relationships in the future in object relations theory.
A)objects
B)templates
C)archetypes
D)forms
Q2) Karen Horney made her feminist critiques of psychoanalysis from
A)1910 to 1930.
B)1930 to 1950.
C)1950 to 1970.
D)1970 to 1990.
Q3) A child successfully completing Erikson's stage of industry versus inferiority would A)play games that imitate and practice adult tasks
B)compare their success and failure to that of children their own age.
C)start to develop a sense of their role in life.
D)begin to prepare for coming-of-age rituals.
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Chapter 11: Motives and Personality
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Q1) From a theoretical point of view, motives are like dispositions in that
A)people differ from one another in terms of type and strength of motives.
B)differences between people are measurable.
C)differences in motives are associated with important life outcomes.
D)All of these.
Q2) Which of the following defense mechanisms did Rogers theorize?
A)Reaction formation
B)Sublimation
C)Distortion
D)Projection
Q3) In order to reduce your anxiety, Rogers would recommend that you
A)change your self-concept.
B)engage in distortion.
C)use more empathy.
D)All of these.
Q4) The "Big 3" motives are
A)sex, aggression, and play.
B)competence, sex, and aggression.
C)self-esteem, self-expression, and reality.
D)achievement, power, and intimacy.
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Chapter 12: Cognitive Topics in Personality
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Q1) Which of the following college majors would be MOST likely to have many field-independent people?
A)Journalism
B)History
C)Sociology
D)Physics
Q2) Herman Witkin introduced the idea of
A)defensive pessimism.
B)field dependence versus field independence.
C)learned helplessness.
D)life tasks.
Q3) A person who "sees the trees rather than the forest" is said to be
A)a defensive pessimist.
B)field-dependent.
C)field-independent.
D)an optimist.
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Chapter 13: Emotion and Personality
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Q1) Seidlitz and Diener found that when given five minutes to recall happy events and five minutes to recall unhappy events, happy people recalled _____ than unhappy people.
A)more pleasant events and fewer unpleasant events
B)as many pleasant events, but fewer unpleasant events
C)more pleasant events, but as many unpleasant events
D)more events, both happy and unhappy
Q2) Happiness is usually measured
A)with a polygraph.
B)with life-outcome data.
C)with self-report questionnaires.
D)in the limbic system.
Q3) People _____ in affect intensity exhibit _____ frequent changes in their moods.
A)low; slightly more
B)low; many more
C)high; more
D)high; less
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Approaches to the Self
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Sample Questions
Q1) Most people look at _____ first in a photo.
A)themselves
B)romantic partners
C)family members
D)close friends
Q2) People _____ tend to respond to criticism with decreased motivation.
A)with low self-esteem
B)with high self-esteem
C)who are shy
D)who are not shy
Q3) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of people who score high on self-esteem variability?
A)Enhanced sensitivity to social events
B)Tendency for a low sense of self-worth
C)Tendency to react with anger and hostility
D)Increased concern about their self-view
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Chapter 15: Personality and Social Interaction
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Sample Questions
Q1) Intentionally influencing other people's behavior is known as A)manipulation.
B)selection.
C)evocation.
D)stagnation.
Q2) In 1997, Botwin, Buss, and Shackelford found that individuals preferred mates with personality traits that
A)made up for deficits in their own personality traits.
B)were strongly skewed to the positive pole of each personality trait.
C)were similar to their own personality traits.
D)matched their opposite sex parent's personality traits.
Q3) People who are married to someone who has high trait ratings for agreeableness report higher levels of marital satisfaction
A)if their spouse also has high trait ratings for emotional instability.
B)if their spouse also has low trait ratings for intellect-openness.
C)if their spouse also has high trait ratings for surgency.
D)no matter what other personality traits their spouse has.
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Chapter 16: Sex, Gender, and Personality
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Q1) Approximately _____ percent of adult women and _____ percent of adult men will have at least one episode of depression during their lives.
A)15; 5
B)30; 20
C)25: 10
D)20; 20
Q2) Women tend to score higher than men on the _____ facet of the emotional stability personality trait.
A)impulsivity
B)aggressiveness
C)anxiety
D)insecurity
Q3) _____ views sex differences as small and inconsequential.
A)Social roles theory
B)Socialization theory
C)The minimalist position
D)The maximalist position
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Chapter 17: Culture and Personality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Characteristics that are universally common to all people, but only evident in some cultures are examples of
A)transmitted culture.
B)cultural universals.
C)evoked culture.
D)elicited culture.
Q2) According to Markus and Kitayama, people in _____ are more likely to think of themselves in reference to their larger cultural group.
A)England
B)Zaire
C)America
D)Japan
Q3) Trait-descriptive terms are found
A)mostly in Western cultures.
B)mostly in Asian cultures.
C)only in non-Western cultures.
D)in most cultures.
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Page 19
Chapter 18: Stress, Coping, Adjustment, and Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) Problem-focused coping
A)can generate positive emotions.
B)is useful when events are controllable.
C)is useful when events are uncontrollable.
D)All of these.
Q2) _____ is the term to describe how the effects of stress add up and accumulate in a person over time.
A)Additive effects
B)Stress accumulation
C)Longitudinal buildup
D)Stress accrual
Q3) Psychologists recognize _____ varieties of stress: _____.
A)three; episodic acute, traumatic, and chronic stress
B)three; benign, traumatic, and chronic stress
C)four; acute, episodic acute, traumatic, and chronic stress
D)four; acute, benign, traumatic, and chronic stress
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Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality
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Q1) Reporter Maggie Scarf argued that the Ted Kaczynski began mailing bombs to people because
A)his sense of self-esteem was threatened.
B)he had antisocial personality disorder.
C)he was not very smart.
D)he wanted attention, even if it was negative.
Q2) Many researchers believe that borderline personality disorder is caused by
A)being very spoiled as a child.
B)a strong behavioral activating system.
C)childhood physical or sexual abuse or an early loss of love from parents.
D)desensitization to the emotions of other individuals.
Q3) People who have narcissistic personality disorder
A)generally do not achieve much in life.
B)are insensitive to the needs of others.
C)tend to be very suggestible.
D)have shallow opinions about issues.
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21
Chapter 20: Summary and Future Directions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Research has found that _____ percent of the variation in most of the major personality traits can be attributed to genetic variations.
A)10-20
B)20-50
C)60 to 80
D)100
Q2) Much current research in the intrapsychic domain addresses A)the oedipal complex. B)libido.
C)thanatos.
D)repression.
Q3) Current research in personality psychology focuses mostly on A)grand theories of personality. B)the cognitive/experiential domain.
C)the biological domain.
D)specific components of personality.
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