Social Psychology Final Exam
Questions
Course Introduction
Social Psychology explores the scientific study of how people think about, influence, and relate to one another. This course examines the ways in which individual behavior is shaped by social contexts, interpersonal relationships, group dynamics, and cultural norms. Key topics include attitudes, conformity, persuasion, prejudice, aggression, prosocial behavior, and group processes. Through engaging lectures, research analysis, and real-world examples, students develop a deeper understanding of the psychological mechanisms underlying social interactions and how these dynamics shape human experience in everyday life.
Recommended Textbook
Social Psychology 6th Canadian Edition by Aronson
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1953 Verified Questions
1953 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Social Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Tom saw a fad weight-loss program advertised on late night television.The ad claimed that deep breathing exercises would speed up metabolism,causing people to lose weight.He mailed a cheque for $99.95.When the plan arrived,Tom rearranged his day so that he could complete the breathing exercises as scheduled.They made him nauseated and dizzy,and before long,Tom's friends began to think that he was "dizzy," and they started avoiding him.After the end of the ten-week program,Tom got on the scale and saw that he hadn't lost an ounce! Still,he remained enthusiastic and thought,"I may not have lost any weight,but I feel so much healthier!" This situation is best explained by
A) the self-fulfilling prophecy.
B) delusional thinking.
C) self-defeating perceptions.
D) the justification of suffering.
E) accurate self-perceptions.
Answer: D
Q2) What is the goal of social psychologists who are concerned with social problems?
Answer: Their goal is to apply social-psychological theories,concepts,and research findings to understand and solve destructive real-world problems such as the AIDS epidemic,energy waste,and the relation between television violence and human aggression.
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Methodology
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Sample Questions
Q1) In describing the intricacies of cross-cultural research,the authors of your text assert that it's not as simple as translating one's materials into an appropriate language,traveling to another culture,and conducting the experiment there.Which of the following statements best captures the role of construals in making cross-cultural research very difficult to do?
A) It is very difficult to translate some cover stories and dependent measures into some languages.
B) There is variability among people, even within the same culture.
C) People in different cultures differ on a number of personal characteristics.
D) The experimenter may be culturally biased.
E) The same experimental situation can have different meanings in different cultures. Answer: E
Q2) A cover story is
A) a false description of the purposes of a study.
B) an accurate overview of the study for participants.
C) the result of experimental findings of interest to the media.
D) a way to make sure that an experiment is ethical.
E) an explanation provided to participants when the study is over.
Answer: A
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Social Cognition
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Sample Questions
Q1) Linnea and Latrice have just left the movie theatre after watching Thelma and Louise,a film that chronicles the misadventures of two close friends,one a rape survivor and the other the wife of a piggish husband; they kill a man in self-defense and run from the law.At the end of the movie,Thelma and Louise chose to drive off a cliff rather than surrender to the men who have been pursuing them.As Linnea and Latrice walk through the lobby,every man they encounter looks loutish and threatening to them.This example illustrates the power of ________ in shaping our implicit personality theories.
A) personal experience
B) personality heuristics
C) schematic norms
D) priming
E) cultural norms
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Social Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) Based on research in Chapter 4,you would expect that the effect of increasing perceptual salience of an individual on attribution is to
A) increase the likelihood of the correspondence bias but decrease the likelihood of the fundamental attribution error.
B) increase the likelihood of external attribution and, thus, decrease the likelihood of the correspondence bias.
C) increase the gap between the actor and observer in the actor/observer difference.
D) increase the likelihood of internal attribution and, thus, increase the likelihood of the correspondence bias.
E) decrease the likelihood of the correspondence bias and increase the likelihood of the fundamental attribution error.
Q2) How have researchers collected evidence that there are six major human emotions conveyed via facial expressions?
Q3) Recall the cross-cultural differences in the self-serving bias between Eastern and Western cultures.Describe the differences,and provide an example of how someone in China might attribute a failure compared to someone from Canada.
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Chapter 5: The Self Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to social psychology research findings,when we engage in social comparison,we are most likely to compare ourselves to A) experts.
B) people who perform poorly on the task.
C) similar others.
D) whomever is physically closest to us.
E) dissimilar others.
Q2) The authors of your text described a study in which university students kept track of their moods in daily diaries.The results of this study suggest that A) introspection is an unreliable source of data.
B) people have a great deal of difficulty constructing plausible explanations for their moods.
C) people can fairly accurately identify the causes of their moods.
D) people can accurately predict how their moods will influence their behaviour.
E) if you expect something to influence your mood, your expectation will become "self-fulfilled."
Q3) Describe how a self-perception theorist would explain how you come to decide whether you really like your new roommate.
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Chapter 6: Attitudes and Attitude Change
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Sample Questions
Q1) When are people's explicit and implicit attitudes positively correlated according to research by Gawronski & LeBel (2008)?
A) When they are asked to focus on cognition about the attitude.
B) When they are asked to list reasons they prefer and attitude object.
C) When they are asked to reflect on their feelings about an attitude object.
D) When they are asked to think about their childhood.
E) When they are asked to think about recent experiences.
Q2) Most social psychologists concur that attitudes consist of A) behavioural intentions.
B) cognitions.
C) evaluations.
D) emotions.
E) feelings.
Q3) According to the authors,every time we make a decision,we experience some amount of dissonance.Why?
A) The rejected alternative is seldom completely positive.
B) After people invest effort, they are motivated to second-guess themselves.
C) People seldom seek out objective information before decision-making.
D) People often make the wrong decision.
E) The chosen alternative is seldom completely positive.
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Chapter 7: Conformity
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Sample Questions
Q1) When Robert Cialdini and his colleagues (1975)first asked participants to commit to a two-year volunteer stint at a juvenile detention center,those who refused that initial request were more likely than others to agree to take problem adolescents on a two-hour trip to the zoo.Why?
A) Participants felt guilty for refusing the large initial request.
B) Participants wanted to reciprocate the experimenter's cooperation.
C) Participants wanted to reward the experimenter for his persistence.
D) Participants experienced psychological reactance to the first large request.
E) Participants wanted to help the juvenile detention center.
Q2) If a teenager starts to smoke cigarettes in order to look "cool" and fit in with her friends,it is an example of _______ at work.
A) obedience
B) the foot-in-the-door technique
C) mindless conformity
D) normative social influence
E) informational social influence
Q3) What is the relation between idiosyncrasy credits and normative conformity? Provide a concrete example of this relation.
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Chapter 8: Group Processes
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Sample Questions
Q1) Nan had pretty much made up her mind before a group discussion.During the discussion,however,she thinks to herself,"I think I'll hang back and see how the others feel about it.I don't want them to think I'm nuts or anything." Nan's thoughts best reflect the _______ interpretation of group polarization.
A) social loafing
B) social comparison
C) persuasive arguments
D) deviance avoidance
E) accuracy motive
Q2) One advantage of social roles is that they make individuals' rights and responsibilities clear for group members.One disadvantage of such roles,however,is that they
A) are not as powerful as norms in guiding behaviours.
B) may not share a universal understanding among group members.
C) are assigned arbitrarily.
D) are less fair than norms and are therefore more harmful.
E) can lead people to lose their own personal identity.
Q3) What is group polarization? Make sure to describe the cognitive and motivational factors that contribute to group polarization.
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Interpersonal Attraction
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Sample Questions
Q1) Ellen is not concerned about Alex abandoning her and believes that she is worthy and well liked.Alex,however,is anxious and concerned that Ellen will not reciprocate his desire for intimacy.According to this scenario,Ellen has a(n)_______ attachment style and Alex has a(n)_______ attachment style.
A) avoidant; secure
B) anxious/ambivalent; resistant
C) secure; anxious/ambivalent
D) resistant; avoidant
E) secure; resistant
Q2) According to the authors,an evolutionary perspective takes "the long view-how people act today is based on behaviour patterns that evolved from our species' hominid past." Explain how the evolutionary concept of reproductive fitness is related to attraction and love in men and women.
Q3) Which of the following illustrates the smallest functional distance?
A) Eric and Carla share an office.
B) George and Jerry live in the same apartment complex.
C) Ed and Ray use the same elevator to leave their building.
D) Shelley lives upstairs from Jane.
E) Tim and Robin work in adjacent offices.
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Page 11
Chapter 10: Prosocial Behaviour
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Sample Questions
Q1) Gillian is sitting in a crowded coffee shop when she hears the squeal of brakes and the crash of metal-on-metal.She looks around and notices that all the other customers remain engrossed in their conversations.Because these cool and calm responses _______,Gillian will be _______.
A) decrease evaluation apprehension; more likely to go outside to help.
B) increase pluralistic ignorance; less likely to assume it's an emergency situation.
C) provide normative cues; less likely to go outside to help.
D) reduce Gillian's sense of personal responsibility; less likely to go outside to help.
E) increase evaluation apprehension; more likely to go outside to help.
Q2) A giant tornado is bearing down on Dorothy's farm house.She only has time to help one other resident.Based on research conducted by Gene Burnstein and his colleagues (1994),whom will Dorothy take with her to the storm cellar?
A) her favorite farm hand, Ray
B) her grandmother, Margaret
C) her best friend, Greg
D) her beloved dog, Toto
E) her sister, Glenda
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Aggression
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which factor creates the strongest deterrent for violent behaviour?
A) certainty of punishment
B) victim retribution
C) conditional sentencing
D) intermittent punishment
E) severity of punishment
Q2) Biologist Zing Yang Kuo (1961)demonstrated that a cat who had been raised from birth with a rat in the same cage would attack neither that specific rat nor other rats.This research suggests that
A) aggression is species specific.
B) aggressive instincts can be modified through experience.
C) conflict over scarce resources contributes to aggression.
D) aggression is an entirely learned response.
E) aggressive behaviour is not instinctive.
Q3) Explain the role of social conditions in changing the Iroquois tribe from peaceable people to fierce warriors.
Q4) According to the frustration-aggression theory,frustration,the perception that we are being prevented from reaching a goal,does not always lead to aggression.What factors increase the odds that frustrated people will aggress?
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Chapter 12: Prejudice
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Sample Questions
Q1) Research by Haddock,Zanna,and Esses (1993,1994)assessed attitudes towards different ethnic groups and towards gays and lesbians.Their findings suggest that _____________________ are the best predictor of attitudes for the group toward which participants were least prejudiced,whereas _____________________ best predicted attitudes for the groups towards which participants were most prejudiced.
A) symbolic beliefs; emotions
B) symbolic beliefs; in-group bias
C) emotions; symbolic beliefs
D) outgroup identifications; in-group bias
E) emotions; in-group bias
Q2) Prejudice against ethnic minorities is well-known.Which of the following is true about the scope of the experience of prejudice?
A) Only ethnic minorities experience prejudice and discrimination.
B) Only ethnic minorities and women experience prejudice.
C) Any group can experience prejudice.
D) Prejudice is a thing of the past; no groups experience it anymore.
E) Racism is the only form of prejudice that creates true harm in society.
Q3) What is stereotype threat,why does it arise,and what are the consequences?
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Social Psychology in Action 1
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Sample Questions
Q1) A specific plan about where,when,and how to fulfill a goal is termed a(n)________ and has been found to ________.
A) intrinsic motivation; increase environmentally sustainable behaviour.
B) implementation plan; increase environmentally sustainable behaviour.
C) intrinsic plan; decrease freeloading in social dilemmas.
D) implementation plan; decrease the strength of the attitude-behaviour relationship.
E) sustainability plan; decrease the gap between environmental attitudes and behaviours.
Q2) Public safety officials want to increase the use of seat belts among drivers and have decided to show a television ad documenting the rising use of seat belts among drivers.This represents the use of _______ norms to change safety behaviours.
A) descriptive
B) productive
C) injunctive
D) conjunctive
E) proscriptive
Q3) Provide an example of a social dilemma as it relates to the environment.
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Chapter 14: Social Psychology in Action 2
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Sample Questions
Q1) It is ethically impossible to conduct experimental studies of stress and immune responses in humans to determine whether severe stress actually causes susceptibility to health problems.However,Cacioppo and his colleagues (1998)found that _______.
A) stressors can increase anxiety which is related to infections.
B) major stressors can impact the length of the common cold.
C) even minor stressors can suppress immune responses.
D) people who experience stress are ill more often.
E) loud noises can suppress immune responses.
Q2) Both Ellen Langer and Judith Rodin (1976)and Richard Schultz (1976)conducted field experiments in which nursing home residents were provided more control over their situations.Unlike Langer and Rodin,however,Schultz and Hanusa (1978)later found that those elderly participants who had earlier been allowed to schedule visits with college students actually had more health problems and higher mortality rates than those participants who had never had control over the visits.Explain these apparently contradictory findings.
Q3) Although we know that smoking,unsafe sex,and unhealthy eating are bad for us,many Canadians still do these things.Please describe why that is and interventions that use cognitive dissonance processes to address these problems.
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Chapter 15: Social Psychology in Action 3
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Sample Questions
Q1) Jason is a jury member hearing a robbery case.He listens to a witness testify against the suspect.Based on evidence by Bond and DePaulo (2006)presented in your text about people's ability to tell when someone is lying,how accurate would Jason be in telling if the witness was lying?
A) He would definitely be able to detect a liar.
B) He would be very likely to be able to tell if the witness was lying.
C) He would be somewhat more likely than chance to be able to tell if the witness was lying.
D) He would be well below simply leaving to chance telling if the witness was lying.
E) He would have no idea whether or not the witness was lying.
Q2) How do jurors make sense of the large amount of information presented during the trial? What are the implications for how jurors process information for legal strategy?
Q3) Recollections of events that have been forgotten or repressed is a definition of
A) memory retrieval.
B) sexual abuse.
C) source monitoring.
D) recovered memories.
E) the cognitive interview technique.
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Page 17