Social Psychology Final Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Social Psychology explores how individuals think, feel, and behave in social contexts. This course examines topics such as social perception, attitudes, group dynamics, conformity, prejudice, persuasion, and interpersonal relationships. Students will learn about the ways in which social influences affect human behavior, the mechanisms underlying social cognition, and contemporary research methods in social psychology. Through lectures, discussions, and hands-on activities, the course encourages students to analyze real-world social issues and develop a deeper understanding of their own interactions within society.
Recommended Textbook
The Personality Puzzle 7th Edition by David C. Funder
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Study of the Person
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Q1) What two topics are covered under the phenomenological approach?
A) humanistic and cross-cultural perspectives on personality
B) humanistic and social-learning perspectives on personality
C) cross-cultural and cognitive perspectives on personality
D) trait and cross-cultural perspectives on personality
Answer: A
Q2) Personality psychology and clinical psychology overlap most often when approaching which topic?
A) personality processes
B) personality disorders
C) personality development
D) none of the above
Answer: B
Q3) Which of the following is an expression of Funder's First Law?
A) People vary in terms of their trait levels.
B) There are no perfect indicators of personality.
C) Characteristics that are strengths in one sense are weaknesses in other ways.
D) Individual differences should not be put into the "error" term in statistical analysis.
Answer: C
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Personality Research Methods
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Q1) One concern with items on measures like the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)is that they often lack face validity.What kind of problem does this create?
A) Participants can easily fake responses on the items.
B) Such items raise concerns with social desirability.
C) Responses are difficult to interpret in psychological terms.
D) Such items tend to make participants very anxious.
Answer: C
Q2) Which formula in psychometrics quantifies the principle of aggregation?
A) alpha
B) Spearman-Brown
C) kappa
D) Kaiser-Guttman
Answer: B
Q3) ________ data are the most frequently used basis for personality assessment.
A) B
B) L
C) S
D) I Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Assessment, Effect Size, and Ethics
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Q1) Correlation matrices
A)Factor analytic
B)Rational
C)Empirical
D)Significance testing
E)BESD
F)Interpretive
Answer: A
Q2) What term refers to personality inventories that are designed to measure a wide range of traits?
A) big bandwidth inventories
B) high-fidelity inventories
C) omnibus inventories
D) Big Seven inventories
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Personality Traits,Situations,and Behavior
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Q1) Which definition best describes the meaning of a cross-situational consistency coefficient of r = .70?
A) Behaviors in one situation strongly predict behaviors in another situation.
B) Behaviors in one situation weakly predict behaviors in another situation.
C) Behaviors in one situation are the opposite of behaviors in a different situation.
D) Behavior is the mediator between personality and the situation.
Q2) Attractiveness is associated with what trait?
A) openness to experience
B) self-monitoring
C) extraversion
D) conscientiousness
Q3) According to situationists,the upper limit of personality coefficients is estimated as
A) .10 to .20
B) .30 to .40
C) .50 to .60
D) .70 to .80
Q4) Explain the issues that are involved in judging the size of the correlation coefficient of .40.
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Chapter 5: Personality Judgment
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Q1) According to a recent study described in the textbook,which of the following is accurate about people who describe themselves as "a good judge of personality"?
A) Such people are much better than others at judging personality.
B) Such people are no more accurate than others at judging personality.
C) Such people are quite high in narcissism.
D) Such people are quite high in self-esteem.
Q2) According to the text,what trait refers to individual differences in the willingness to engage in sexual relations with minimal acquaintanceship?
A) sexual constraint
B) sociosexuality
C) socio-openness
D) sexual openness
Q3) What might be an effect of expectancies in real life?
A) to create new behavioral tendencies
B) to enhance reputations
C) to magnify or maintain existing behavioral tendencies
D) to diminish or punish existing behavioral tendencies
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Chapter 6: Using Personality Traits to Understand Behavior
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Q1) Which trait is associated with positive first impressions but more negative impressions in longer-term relationships?
A) conscientiousness
B) self-monitoring
C) narcissism
D) authoritarianism
Q2) According to Jack Block,ego ________ gets people into trouble,but ego ________ gets people out of trouble.
A) undercontrol; overcontrol
B) resiliency; overcontrol
C) overcontrol; undercontrol
D) undercontrol; resiliency
Q3) Describe the personality correlates of political orientation.How were these studies conducted? What are the major concerns that might arise when studying potential connections between personality and politics?
Q4) What is the difference between a trait approach and a typological approach to personality? What are some of the common personality types identified by researchers? What are the limitations to the typological approach? What are personality types useful for?
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Chapter 7: Personality Stability, Development, and Change
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Q1) With accumulated evidence from personality and developmental psychology we can conclude that personality ________ and ________ over the life course.
A) is positive; negative
B) changes; is stable
C) is subjective; objective
D) is self-reported; peer-reported
Q2) According to psychologist Frank Sulloway,firstborns are more ________ compared to later borns.
A) conscientious
B) neurotic
C) open to experience
D) extraverted
Q3) Consistency of individual differences in personality ________ over the life span.
A) decreases B) stays the same
C) increases
D) increases and then decreases
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Page 9
Chapter 8: The Anatomy and Physiology of Personality
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Q1) What is the best description for the mind-body problem?
A) the degree to which all aspects of human nature are understood in terms of our physical brains and bodies
B) the dispute among psychologists as to whether human nature is a product of biological or environmental influences
C) the philosophical argument for the physical basis of the mind
D) the degree to which neurotransmitters or hormones effect our personality and behavior
Q2) According to Galen,an excess of yellow bile would cause a person to most likely
A) isolate themselves from others
B) be thoughtlessly rude and cold
C) be friendly and cheerful at a party
D) hold a grudge after an argument
Q3) What neurotransmitter is NOT typically associated with the substantia nigra?
A) dopamine
B) norepinephrine
C) serotonin
D) oxytocin
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Page 10
Chapter 9: The Inheritance of Personality: Behavioral
Genetics and Evolutionary Psychology
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Q1) The idea that feelings of self-esteem evolved to gauge social acceptance is known as the ________ theory.
A) sociometer
B) social self
C) social self-acceptance
D) self-esteem as survival
Q2) What is the heritability coefficient? Explain how it is calculated and what information heritability statistics provide to researchers.
Q3) A(n)________ searches for specific genes that are linked with particular personality attributes.
A) epigenetic scan
B) epigenetic association study
C) allelic frequency study
D) genome-wide association study
Q4) What term refers to different forms of the same gene?
A) chromosome
B) genotype
C) allele
D) nucleotide
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Chapter 10: Basics of Psychoanalysis
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Q1) Baby Jessica's parents respond to her every need as soon as she cries.Freud would predict that,as an adult,Jessica will ________.
A) be well adjusted
B) be passive
C) rebel against authority figures
D) become sexually promiscuous
Q2) Which of the following is FALSE regarding Freud's views about dreams?
A) Dreams are the result of primary process thinking.
B) Dreams are a way for unconscious thoughts to become conscious.
C) Dreams have meanings that are unique for every individual.
D) Freud eventually developed a formal dream dictionary.
Q3) In psychoanalytic theory,the structures of personality emerge during specific stages of psychosexual development.Which structure-stage pair is correctly matched?
A) ego-latency
B) superego-phallic
C) id-anal
D) ego-genital
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Chapter 11: Psychoanalysis After Freud: Neo-Freudians, Object Relations,
and Current Research
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Q1) Most neo-Freudians rely on information from ________ to test or verify their ideas.
A) controlled experiments
B) archival and field studies
C) Freud's original case descriptions
D) patient histories and introspection
Q2) Horney's major deviation from traditional Freudian ideas was her ________.
A) emphasis on anxiety
B) view of penis envy
C) ideas about the development of neurotic needs
D) link between adult functioning and childhood struggles
Q3) Ellen is a 50-year-old woman who is raising her two grandchildren,is active in her community,and is learning how to paint.According to Erikson's theory,Ellen has chosen
A) industry
B) initiative
C) integrity
D) generativity
Q4) Identify and discuss the four principles of object relations theory.How is attachment theory similar to object relations theory?
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Experience,Existence,and the Meaning of Life:
Humanistic and Positive Psychology
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Q1) Abraham Maslow
A)The theory of flow
B)Personal construct theory
C)Hierarchy of needs
D)Self-actualization
E)Self-determination theory
F)Existentialistic superman
G)The experience of Umwelt, Mitwelt, and Eigenwelt
H)Thrown-ness
I)Optimistic toughness
Q2) Which of the following is NOT one of the core virtues identified by positive psychology?
A) courage
B) vanity
C) justice
D) wisdom
Q3) What is "thrown-ness" and why does it lead to angst? What do existentialist philosophers believe should be done to cope with these feelings? Compare this perspective with a Buddhist perspective.
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Cultural Variation in Experience, Behavior, and Personality
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Q1) Individuals from which country would be the LEAST willing to describe themselves in contradictory terms?
A) China
B) Japan
C) India
D) United States
Q2) According to the text,what term describes cultures that have only a few socially sanctioned goals and only a few ways to achieve these goals?
A) authoritarian
B) vertical
C) tough
D) stressful
Q3) Countries with low average levels of self-esteem also tend to have high rates of
A) narcissism
B) locus of control
C) violence
D) suicide
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Chapter 14: Learning to Be a Person: Behaviorism and the Social Learning Theories
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Q1) Walter Mischel
A)S-R association theory
B)if then contingency model
C)Social learning theory
D)Operant conditioning model
E)Expectancy value theory
Q2) Hedonism provides the ________ necessary for learning and behavior to occur.
A) motivation
B) cognition
C) emotion
D) knowledge
Q3) The element of reciprocal determinism that departs most significantly from classic behaviorism is the idea that ________.
A) the organism's behavior is a function of the environment
B) the environment cannot be changed by an organism's behavior
C) the self can affect behavior, independent of the environment
D) learning occurs through direct reinforcement for behavior
Q4) Identify and describe the three philosophical ideas that are fundamental to behaviorism.
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Personality Processes: Perception, Thought,
Motivation, and Emotion
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Q1) Concepts that are readily available in the mind on such a frequent basis that they become part of one's personality are said to be ________.
A) chronically accessible
B) hypoactivated
C) praxes
D) individuated
Q2) Personal strivings
A)Goals that everyone has B)Goals to improve oneself
C)Goals that are long-term and can organize broad areas of a person's life
D)Goals that are specific to the individual
E)Goals to validate an attribute in oneself
Q3) What two types of processes are included in most dual-process models?
A) conscious and rational
B) conscious and unconscious
C) short-term and long-term memories
D) impulsive and reactive
Q4) What is happiness? Why might happiness help facilitate performance in important domains of life?
Page 17
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Chapter 16: The Self: What You Know About You
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Q1) Individuals who are responsible or shy are sometimes said to be experts in these particular traits.A cognitive personality psychologist in this tradition would describe these so-called experts as individuals who ________.
A) are schematic for these attributes
B) have episodic memories consistent with these traits
C) have possible selves aligned with these traits
D) have self-discrepancies related to these traits
Q2) What seems to be the connection between accurate self-knowledge and mental health?
A) Self-knowledge is negatively correlated with mental health.
B) There seems to be little connection between self-knowledge and mental health.
C) Accurate self-knowledge seems to be a hallmark of mental health.
D) Mental health leads to self-enhanced self-knowledge.
Q3) William James believed that our ________ includes ________.
A) I self; our possessions
B) I self; our personality traits only
C) me self; our possessions
D) me self; our personality traits only
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Chapter 17: Personality, Mental Health, and Physical Health
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Q1) The prevalence of narcissistic personality disorder ranges around the world from
A) 0 percent to 2.1 percent
B) 0 percent to 6.2 percent
C) 3.2 percent to 7.2 percent
D) 0.2 percent to 1.2 percent
Q2) Bethany often has emotional outbursts for no apparent reason.What personality disorder is Bethany likely to have?
A) schizotypal
B) borderline
C) avoidant
D) narcissistic
Q3) Josie works constantly yet never seems to get anything done.What personality disorder is Josie likely to have?
A) schizotypal
B) avoidant
C) narcissistic
D) obsessive-compulsive
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Chapter 18: Epilogue: Looking Back and Looking Ahead
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Q1) According to the text,behavioral consistency is limited in the sense that ________. A) behavior surely changes from one situation to the next B) personality is biologically determined C) behavior is always a function of the situation
D) borderline personality disorder limits how well an individual can identify with any one personality
Q2) According to the text,psychology tends to ________ free will throughout the scientific process.
A) ignore
B) measure constructs related to C) always consider D) control for
Q3) The ________ approach focuses on moment-to-moment conscious experience,free will,and the ability to choose important aspects of one's reality. A) trait
B) cognitive C) humanistic D) learning
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