Social Psychology Exam Review
Course Introduction
Social Psychology explores how individuals' thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the real or imagined presence of others. The course examines topics such as social perception, group dynamics, attitudes, conformity, aggression, prejudice, prosocial behavior, and interpersonal relationships. Through the integration of classic studies and contemporary research, students learn to analyze social phenomena, understand the psychological mechanisms underlying social interactions, and apply theories to everyday life. Emphasis is placed on critical thinking, empirical methods, and the application of social psychological principles to current social issues.
Recommended Textbook
Criminal Behavior A Psychological Approach 10th Edition by Curtis R. Bartol
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16 Chapters
787 Verified Questions
787 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Criminal Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the author, our inability to prevent crime is largely due to:
A) a declining interest in the field of criminology.
B) the difficulty in defining the term "crime".
C) the complexity of the issue.
D) the paucity of experts studying crime.
E) the lack of funding available for research.
Answer: C
Q2) The _____ perspective on crime is closely linked with the humanistic perspective.
A) conformity
B) strain
C) social learning
D) social control
E) nonconformist
Answer: A
Q3) Compare and contrast the FBI's Uniform Crime Reports and the National Crime Victimization Survey, focusing on: a) how the data are obtained and b) what type of information is available from each.
Answer: NOT ANSWERED
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3
Chapter 2: Origins of Criminal Behavior: Developmental Risk Factors
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Sample Questions
Q1) When parents see an unusually large number of minor problems in their children as problematic, and then resort to authoritarian strategies to deal with the problems, it is called the:
A) authoritarian approach.
B) authoritative style.
C) enmeshed style.
D) permissive practice approach.
E) neglecting approach.
Answer: C
Q2) Low parental monitoring is associated with:
A) higher levels of antisocial behavior.
B) higher levels of violence.
C) earlier initiation of drug abuse.
D) earlier initiation of alcohol abuse.
E) all of the above.
Answer: E
Q3) The cause of ADHD is unknown.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Page 4
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Chapter 3: Origins of Criminal Behavior: Biological Factors
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Sample Questions
Q1) The term dizygotic twins is synonymous with:
A) fraternal twins.
B) identical twins.
C) dichorionic.
D) unifertilization.
E) none of the above.
Answer: A
Q2) Adolescents are most vulnerable to risky behavior when they are with a group of their peers.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Neurological dysfunction due to faulty brain development is strongly linked to pathological violence.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) Compare and contrast behavior and molecular genetics.
Answer: NOT ANSWERED
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Chapter 4: Origins of Criminal Behavior: Learning and
Situational Factors
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49 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Milgram's famous studies on obedience to authority indicate that:
A) people pay little attention to authority figures once they become adults.
B) in general, Americans are not obedient or conforming.
C) most people are obedient to authority even if it causes pain to others.
D) children are less obedient to authority than adults.
E) adults are more obedient to authority than children.
Q2) The common human tendency to discount the influence of a situation and explain behavior by referring to the personality of an actor is called:
A) reductionism.
B) type I error.
C) ecological error.
D) fundamental attribution error.
E) type II error.
Q3) What is "frustration-induced criminality?" Provide an illustration.
Q4) Increasing desired behavior by distributing rewards is:
A) discipline.
B) negative reinforcement.
C) punishment.
D) extinction.
E) positive reinforcement.
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Chapter 5: Human Aggression and Violence
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Sample Questions
Q1) The research community is sharply divided on the long-term effects of violent media on aggressive behavior.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Territoriality is a central concept in Konrad Lorenz's theory of aggression.
A)True
B)False
Q3) An approach in psychology that views human cognition and behavior in a broadly Darwinian context of adaptation to evolving physical and social environments is called:
A) Darwinian psychology.
B) adaptation psychology.
C) positive psychology.
D) evolutionary psychology.
E) psychodynamic psychology.
Q4) Explain the difference between road rage and aggressive driving.
Q5) Research studies have found that domestic violence is a common precipitating factor in road rage.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Juvenile Delinquency
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Sample Questions
Q1) Prevention and treatment programs that are designed to foster and maintain resilience in youth are also known as:
A) strength-based programs.
B) power-based programs.
C) selective programs.
D) individual-oriented programs.
E) resiliency-focused programs.
Q2) Describe the characteristics of Multisystemic therapy. Summarize the research findings about the program's success.
Q3) Under federal law, juveniles may be prosecuted under the criminal law at age 15.
A)True
B)False
Q4) There is good evidence that most serious, persistent delinquency and crime patterns usually begin early and worsen with age.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What is the LIFT Project? Who was involved with this project? What type of prevention is this an example of? What are the preliminary results about its effectiveness?
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Chapter 7: Criminal Psychopathy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Robert Hare's research focuses on the _____ of the psychopath.
A) family background
B) neurological features
C) socioeconomic status
D) intelligence
E) antisocial tendencies
Q2) Which individual was not mentioned in the Chapter as a likely example of a psychopath?
A) Faye Ellen Simpson
B) Ferdinand Waldo Demara Jr.
C) Neville Heath
D) Charles Manson
E) Hannibal Lechter
Q3) Current research on gender differences of psychopaths suggests that women far outnumber men.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What has been learned about a) recidivism and b) treatment of the criminal psychopath?
Q5) Name and describe five instruments used to measure psychopathy.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Crime and Mental Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss the controversy associated with Dissociative Identity Disorder. Define the term iatrogenic and discuss how this term relates to this debate.
Q2) Which one of the following clinical diagnoses is most frequently found in criminal offenders?
A) Clinical depression
B) Psychopath
C) Delusional disorder
D) Histrionic personality disorder
E) Antisocial personality disorder
Q3) If the court determines that an individual was robbed of her or his own free will at the time of a homicide because of mental disease or defect, the individuals would most likely be judged:
A) IST.
B) incompetent to stand trial
C) mentally ill.
D) guilty but insane.
E) NGRI.
Q4) Describe fully and evaluate any three of the unique defenses discussed in the Chapter.
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Chapter 9: Homicide, Assault, and Family Violence
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Sample Questions
Q1) Infanticide refers to the killing of an infant.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The cycle of violence theory posits that coercive and punitive tactics in parenting increase the likelihood of later aggressive behavior and potential domestic violence.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A youth who has been thrown away from the home by a parent or caretaker is called a thrownaway.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The most effective way of breaking the wife-abuse cycle appears to be to:
A) change the abuser's attitudinal system.
B) change an abuser's social network.
C) use legal sanctions.
D) use all of the above.
E) none of the above.
Q5) Discuss the relationship between guns and crime. Describe how the weapons effect may impact gang violence and neighborhood crime.
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Chapter 10: Multiple Murder, School, and Workplace
Violence
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Sample Questions
Q1) When victims are chosen because the killer associates them with a primary target against whom revenge is sought, this is called:
A) murder by proxy.
B) associative murder.
C) associative selection.
D) loyalty murder
E) none of the above.
Q2) List two flaws in modern profiling discussed in the text.
Q3) According to Holmes and DeBurger's typology, which type of serial murderer is often characterized by an abundance of physical evidence at the crime scene?
A) Classic
B) Visionary
C) Power oriented
D) Hedonistic
E) Mission-oriented
Q4) Discuss the usefulness of organized, disorganized, and mixed crime scene classification.
Q5) Discuss how the negative effects of bullying could be mitigated.
Q6) Explain why the case of Jack the Ripper is relevant to criminal profiling.
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Chapter 11: Psychology of Terrorism
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Sample Questions
Q1) List and describe the three motivational categories of terrorism. Discuss the motives and justification that are characteristic of terrorists. Provide examples of each.
Q2) Describe the process of becoming a terrorist.
Q3) The tendency of a group to develop beliefs and make decisions that are more extreme than the initial inclination of its members is called:
A) risky shift.
B) group persuasion.
C) extreme terrorism.
D) group think.
E) group hyperbole.
Q4) The majority of terrorist attacks that occur in the U.S. have been carried out by:
A) former military personnel.
B) international terrorist organizations.
C) al-Qaeda.
D) anti-abortionists.
E) lone wolves.
Q5) List and describe briefly the characteristics of lone wolf-terrorists. Provide an example.
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Chapter 12: Sexual Assault
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Sample Questions
Q1) Most rapists are between 35-45 years old.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Rape is widely believed to be the most underreported crime.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following is an example of rape by fraud?
A) A 20-year-old male having sexual relations with a 13-year-old female
B) A male slipping a date-rape drug into the drink of a female, then having sexual relations with her
C) A male having sexual relations with a consenting female under an assumed name
D) A therapist having sexual relations with a consenting patient under the guise of effective treatment
E) A 14-year-old who pretends to be 19 in order to have sex with a 20 year old.
Q4) Which of the following is one of Groth's three categories of rape?
A) Control rape
B) Forceful rape
C) Anger rape
D) Opportunity rape
E) Juvenile rape
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Sexual Assault of Children and Youth and Other
Sexual Offenses
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the psychological effects of child sexual victimization.
Q2) Most estimates of the distribution of pedophiles in the general population are derived from:
A) arrest data.
B) prison data.
C) self-report data.
D) data from treatment programs.
E) a and b
Q3) Evocative therapy is a treatment approach for sex offenders that focuses on:
A) helping offenders understand their motivations for sexual behavior.
B) increasing their empathy for their victims.
C) increasing their social competence.
D) a and b
E) a and c
Q4) In Finkelhor's explanations for pedophilia, blockage refers to:
A) factors preventing the offender from meeting his needs.
B) biological factors present in the offender.
C) the offender's ability to suppress sexual drives.
D)the offender's inability to attain sexual arousal.
E) the offender's inability to control sexual impulses.
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Chapter 14: Property and Public Order Crime
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Sample Questions
Q1) The most common form of violence in burglaries is:
A) aggravated assault.
B) forcible rape.
C) arson.
D) larceny-theft.
E) simple assault.
Q2) Summarize the current research on kleptomania. What does research tell us about the prevalence of kleptomania?
Q3) Past behavior through which the actor recasts activities in a manner consistent with "what should have been," rather than "what was," is referred to by Cromwell et al. as:
A) rational reconstruction.
B) dysfunctional reorganization.
C) dysfunctional reconstruction.
D) cognitive scripts
E) none of the above.
Q4) Carjacking most commonly occurs in rural, isolated areas.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Describe the process burglars use to select their targets.
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Chapter 15: Violent Economic Crime and Crimes of Initimidation
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Sample Questions
Q1) Who was George Metesky? What was he responsible for? What does he have in common with Theodore Kaczynski?
Q2) .Which of the following is not one of the FBI's categories of hostage takers?
A) Prisoners
B) Criminals
C) Politicals
D) Terrorists
E) Mentally Disordered
Q3) From a psychological perspective, many arsonists have no intention of harming people.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A serious mental disorder characterized by abnormal fascination with fire is called:
A) firesetting.
B) arson obsession.
C) anhedonia.
D) pyromania.
E) arson disorder.
Page 17
Q5) Define pyromania. Does research support pyromania? Explain.
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Chapter 16: Substance Abuse, Alcohol, and Crime
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Sample Questions
Q1) LSD, mescaline, psilocybin, marijuana, and hashish are classified as:
A) stimulants.
B) opiate narcotics.
C) sedative-hypnotics.
D) hallucinogens.
E) psychedelic relaxants.
Q2) The drug which has shown the strongest relationship to criminal behavior, especially violent behavior, is:
A) alcohol.
B) heroin.
C) cocaine.
D) the amphetamines.
E) marijuana.
Q3) Which of the following statements best characterizes the relationship between alcohol and aggression?
A) The majority of crimes are caused by alcohol use.
B) There is no relationship between alcohol use and violence.
C) There is no empirical research linking alcohol and violence.
D) Alcohol facilitates aggressive behavior.
E) Long term and excessive alcohol consumption is linked to violent behavior.
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