Social Psychology Exam Bank
Course Introduction
Social Psychology is the scientific study of how individuals think, feel, and behave in social contexts. This course explores the ways in which people's thoughts, emotions, and actions are influenced by the presence real, imagined, or implied of others. Key topics include attitudes and persuasion, social perception, group dynamics, conformity, prejudice, interpersonal relationships, and aggression. Students will examine classic and contemporary research, learn to critically analyze everyday social interactions, and gain insight into how social psychological principles apply to real-world situations and diverse cultural settings.
Recommended Textbook
Social Psychology 5th Edition by Tom Gilovich
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Page 2
Chapter 1: An Invitation to Social Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the "field of forces" that Kurt Lewin emphasized in understanding human behavior?
A) personal attributes
B) social situations
C) underlying genetics
D) biological factors
Answer: B
Q2) What is a channel factor? How is this concept relevant to the use of health care?
Answer: A channel factor is a situational circumstance that may appear unimportant on the surface but may actually have great consequences for behavior,either facilitating or blocking it,or guiding behavior in a particular direction.Several answers regarding the relevance of channel factors to health care usage are acceptable,including Howard Leventhal's research.He showed that when participants formed a concrete plan regarding when and how they would visit the student center to get a tetanus shot,the likelihood of getting the shot increased.Another channel factor relevant to health care usage is the distance to the closest health care facility.
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3
Chapter 2: The Methods of Social Psychology
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Q1) The independent variable in an experiment is
A) manipulated and is the hypothesized cause of a particular outcome.
B) measured and is the hypothesized effect of a particular manipulation. C) based on self-selection.
D) an indication of the degree of the relationship between two variables.
Answer: A
Q2) A group of social psychologists is working on a research project with the aim of promoting condom use as a way to prevent the spread of sexually transmitted diseases.This type of research project is probably best described as A) basic science.
B) applied science.
C) pseudo-science.
D) hard science.
Answer: B
Q3) All of the following are examples of resources used in archival research EXCEPT A) police records.
B) newspaper articles.
C) firsthand observations of behavior.
D) databases.
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: The Social Self
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Q1) When Josue thinks about how good he is at baseball,he recalls that time he hit three home runs in a row.When Josue thinks about how good his best friend Tom is at baseball,he remembers that Tom averaged just one home run per game throughout the season.Josue's thinking contributes to which of the following?
A) self-enhancement
B) self-discrepancy
C) self-presentation
D) self-affirmation
Answer: A
Q2) Consider the following finding from a study in which U.S.schoolchildren were asked to describe themselves: "Forty-four percent of children who were born outside of the United States mentioned their country of origin when describing themselves,whereas only 7 percent of those born in the United States mentioned their place of birth." This finding best supports the ________ hypothesis.
A) contrasting traits
B) self-perception
C) social comparison
D) distinctiveness
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Social Cognition: Thinking About
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Q1) Kahneman and Tversky (1973)found that a majority of participants mistakenly believed there were more words in the English language that start with the letter r than words that have r in the third position.These results demonstrate the functioning of A) the availability heuristic.
B) the regression fallacy.
C) the representativeness heuristic.
D) an illusory correlation.
Q2) Which of the following is the best example of a positively framed statement?
A) How much would you pay to replace all the trees that have been lost?
B) Just 10 percent of people who take this medication will show side effects.
C) This meat is only 25 percent fat.
D) This brand of condom has an overall 75 percent success rate.
Q3) People rely on the ________ heuristic when they judge the frequency or probability of some event by the readiness with which similar events come to mind. A) encoding B) representativeness
C) accessibility
D) availability
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Chapter 5: Social Attribution: Explaining Behavior
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Q1) The Westlake Hills Little League team just lost a game.According to research on attribution biases,right after the game,the Westlake Hills coach is likely to say,
A) "We just do not seem to have what it takes to be a winning team."
B) "Some of the team members just did not seem motivated to win."
C) "Our opponents played better than ever today."
D) "You guys really played well today."
Q2) Pat is a lower-class man who works at a tire factory for a living.When trying to make sense of why a coworker is late to work,Pat is likely to make which kind of attribution?
A) positive
B) negative
C) situational
D) dispositional
Q3) People tend to make ________ attributions when levels of consensus and distinctiveness are low and consistency information is high.
A) specific
B) unstable
C) external
D) internal
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Chapter 6: Emotion
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Q1) ________ is the tendency to experience more positive emotions than negative emotions and is a key component of happiness.
A) Emotional well-being
B) Life satisfaction
C) Hedonic experience
D) An action tendency
Q2) Which hormone promotes closeness and commitment?
A) estrogen
B) oxytocin
C) testosterone
D) serotonin
Q3) It is the first time Phan has walked through Yosemite Park and she feels immense awe at the beauty of the giant mountains and expansive vistas.According to research on awe,Phan is also likely feeling a sense of
A) how important she is in the grand scheme of things.
B) deep understanding about the world and the way it works.
C) common humanity and connectedness to others.
D) superiority over other people she knows.
Q4) Give two examples of how emotions can influence moral judgments.
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Chapter 7: Attitudes, Behavior, and Rationalization
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Q1) Molly knows the history of her home city of Philadelphia.There are three landmarks downtown that she always shows to friends who visit.This knowledge of Philadelphia is the ________ component of her attitude toward her city.
A) cognitive
B) affective
C) behavioral
D) knowledge
Q2) Why is it a good idea for incumbent politicians to campaign for maintaining the safety and security of their countries?
A) because it allows people to maintain balance
B) because people are motivated to maintain the status quo, particularly when their own mortalities are made salient
C) because it helps people justify their efforts
D) because it facilitates self-perception processes, particularly when their own mortalities are made salient
Q3) Describe the conditions under which attitude-behavior inconsistency is most likely to produce dissonance.
Q4) Describe three ways in which researchers measure attitudes.
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Chapter 8: Persuasion
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Q1) Jamie is the sort of person who likes to think,puzzle,ponder,and consider multiple perspectives.Compared with people who do not like these activities,Jamie is
A) more likely to be influenced by the tangential aspects of a persuasive communication.
B) equally likely to be influenced by peripheral aspects of a persuasive communication.
C) less likely to be influenced by peripheral aspects of a persuasive communication.
D) less likely to be influenced by the quality of the arguments used in a persuasive communication.
Q2) Stacie listens to a radio commercial for toothpaste.She finds the soothing voice of the announcer appealing,so she buys the toothpaste he advocates.This illustrates the research finding that when people primarily attend to aspects of a message that are tangential to the substance of the message,they are taking the ________ route to persuasion.
A) central
B) distinct
C) peripheral
D) indirect
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Chapter 9: Social Influence
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Q1) According to the textbook,conformity can be beneficial for society because it A) encourages people to think hard about every possible action.
B) makes group distinctions more clear.
C) leads to smoother social interactions.
D) makes people more likely to challenge unfair laws.
Q2) Dave's roommates call him a "moocher," a "parasite," and a "leech." These names suggest that Dave A) is an exceptionalist.
B) violates the norm of reciprocity.
C) lacks negative state relief.
D) is reactive.
Q3) Describe three specific strategies people could use to resist social influence in a situation where they have a minority opinion.
Q4) All of the following are examples of social influence EXCEPT
A) a woman choosing not to participate in an event that goes against her moral beliefs.
B) a college student buying the same brand of jeans that her friends wear.
C) a soldier obeying orders.
D) a child cleaning his room because he knows it will make his parents happy.
Q5) Define conformity,compliance,and obedience and provide an example of each.
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Chapter 10: Relationships and Attraction
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Q1) Kevin is writing a description of himself on his online dating profile.According to the evolutionary theory of attraction,which of the following pieces of information should he mention to increase the odds that women will message him on the dating site?
A) his high income
B) his political affiliation
C) his hobbies and interests
D) his favorite animals
Q2) As a child,Veronica was neglected by her parents.Veronica's internal working model of relationships is likely to include the belief that A) other people can be relied on in times of need.
B) she can reliably provide security to others.
C) other people will be rejecting.
D) she is worthy of love.
Q3) The mere exposure effect can be explained in part by A) reciprocity.
B) operant learning.
C) equity.
D) classical conditioning.
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Chapter 11: Stereotyping, Prejudice, and Discrimination
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Q1) Bill's belief that all African-Americans are good at sports exemplifies ________.Bill's refusal to hire African-Americans exemplifies ________.
A) discrimination; ethnocentrism
B) prejudice; stereotyping
C) stereotyping; discrimination
D) racism; modern racism
Q2) Define and distinguish between stereotyping,prejudice,and discrimination.Give an example of a situation in which these three processes might NOT co-occur.
Q3) Give a real-world example of ethnocentrism and describe how it affects behavior toward ingroup and outgroup members.
Q4) Research suggests that stereotyping can sometimes be ________ because it can ________ our social environment.
A) justified; increase our attention to the details of B) useful; decrease the time and effort needed to deal with C) destructive; lead us to introspect too much about D) harmful; decrease the predictability of
Q5) Define modern racism and give an example of one method that researchers have used to measure it.
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Chapter 12: Groups
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Q1) Research suggests that ________ are common characteristics of people who are likely to go on to gain power,whereas ________ are common characteristics of people who already have power.
A) generosity and social skills; self-interest and a lack of empathy
B) self-interest and a lack of empathy; generosity and social skills
C) caution and inhibition; self-interest and a lack of empathy
D) self-interest and a lack of empathy; caution and inhibition
Q2) Which of the following statements captures the persuasive arguments account of why group polarization occurs? Discussing an issue in a group
A) exposes group members to even more arguments in favor of the position that the average group member was already inclined to take.
B) exposes group members to arguments that contradict their original positions.
C) gives each person a chance to state his or her opinion out loud, which increases his or her commitment to that opinion.
D) increases group members' motivation to reach a consensus.
Q3) Give an example of a situation that can lead to deindividuation,and describe three of the antecedent conditions of deindividuation that are present in the example situation.
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Chapter 13: Aggression
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Q1) The textbook describes a study by Caspi,Moffitt,and colleagues (2002)that examined the extent to which childhood mistreatment,as well as a defective gene,predicts violent crime conviction by age 26 among men.Which of the following best describes the finding?
A) People with the defective gene were more likely to be convicted of a crime by age 26, regardless of whether they were mistreated as children.
B) People who were mistreated as children were more likely to be convicted of a crime by age 26, but having the defective gene did not predict aggression.
C) There was no relationship between the specific defective gene being examined in that study, but the study still suggested that aggression is primarily genetically caused.
D) People with the defective gene who were also mistreated as children were the most likely to be convicted of a crime by age 26.
Q2) Explain the concept of inclusive fitness and discuss how this concept may help to account for the higher incidence of aggression against stepchildren than against biological children.
Q3) Define culture of honor and describe its influence on aggression.
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Chapter 14: Altruism and Cooperation
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Q1) Describe how you could draw on the principles of contagion and mimicry to design an intervention to increase cooperation among the students in an elementary school classroom,and explain why you think it would be effective.
Q2) Imagine that you have lost your wallet.Where would you be more likely to receive help,in a large city or in a small rural town? Justify your answer on the basis of research and theory.
Q3) Daniel Batson has argued that there are three main motives for helping others.They are
A) reciprocity, kin selection, and social rewards.
B) social rewards, personal distress, and empathic concern.
C) sympathy, reputational advantages, and reciprocity.
D) personal distress, sympathy, and empathic concern.
Q4) Research suggests that the greater the number of individuals who witness a person in trouble,________ the person in need.
A) the more likely it is that any one person will help
B) the more sympathy any one person will feel toward
C) the less likely it is that any one person will help
D) the less sympathy any one person will feel toward
Q5) Describe the tit-for-tat strategy and evaluate its effectiveness.
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Chapter 15: Application Module 1 : Social Psychology and Health
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Q1) Glenda was recently placed in a nursing home,and her physical health has been gradually deteriorating.Accordingly to the textbook,which of the following would be most likely to improve her health?
A) having the staff ensure that she is pampered
B) encouraging her to conserve her strength by resting
C) allowing her a greater sense of control
D) reducing stress by minimizing the amount of time visitors can stay
Q2) Because Kesa has been experiencing increased,prolonged stress as a result of going over negative events again and again in her mind,her psychologist has recommended that she try self-distancing.This means that she should
A) engage in distracting activities to divert attention away from herself.
B) think more about her friends and family and less about herself.
C) jog regularly to take her mind off of her problems.
D) focus on her feelings from the perspective of a detached observer.
Q3) What does research suggest about the relationship between close social connections and health outcomes? What factors are believed to explain this relationship?
Q4) Describe research that supports the role of perceived control in promoting good physical health.
Page 17
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Chapter 16: Application Module 2 : Social Psychology and Educatio
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Q1) Explain the principle of entertainment-education and give an example of how it could be utilized in current American television or other media to influence people's attitudes and behaviors regarding a certain value.
Q2) Laura and her sister Maria just moved to town from a nearby community.Laura is in the fifth grade,and her new teacher,Mr.Ingles,was given a summary report about her performance in her last school.Maria is in the first grade,and her new teacher,Ms.Lewis,was given Maria's summary report.Which outcome is most consistent with Jussim and Harbor's (2005)meta-analysis of studies on teacher expectations?
A) Because Maria is younger, Ms. Lewis's expectations based on the summary report are more likely to have an impact on Maria's future performance.
B) Because Mr. Ingles is a man, he is more likely to pay attention to the summary report in forming an expectation about Laura.
C) Because Laura is older, Mr. Ingles' expectations based on the summary report are more likely to have an impact on Laura's future performance.
D) Because Ms. Lewis is a woman, she is more likely to pay attention to the summary report in forming an expectation about Maria.
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Chapter 17: Application Module 3 :social Psychology and the Law
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Q1) All of the following are true of death-qualified jurors EXCEPT that they are more A) concerned about crime.
B) skeptical of civil liberties that protect the rights of the accused.
C) likely to convict the suspect.
D) distrusting of police.
Q2) Daniel is a district judge driven by the deterrence motive.What type of punishment is Daniel likely to favor in sentencing a defendant for a drug-related crime?
A) incarcerating the defendant to avenge his immoral behavior
B) placing the defendant in a rehabilitation program so he does not commit the crime again
C) fining the defendant an amount commensurate with the crime
D) letting the defendant off easy so he will have favorable feelings toward the justice system
Q3) Compare the just desserts and deterrence motives for punishment.In addition,explain how these motives are related to cultural variations in punishment.
Q4) Explain how stereotypes can lead to biases in our criminal justice system.
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