Course Introduction
Social Problems
Pre-Test Questions
This course examines the major social problems facing contemporary societies, including issues such as poverty, inequality, crime, substance abuse, discrimination, and environmental degradation. Through sociological theories and research, students will explore the origins, consequences, and possible solutions to these problems, considering the roles of individuals, groups, institutions, and public policy. The course encourages critical thinking and informed analysis, equipping students with a deeper understanding of how social problems are defined, experienced, and addressed in various cultural and historical contexts.
Recommended Textbook
New Society 8th Edition by Robert J. Brym
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introducing Sociology
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Q1) Who is often called the first woman sociologist?
A) Margrit Eichler
B) Harriet Martineau
C) Simone de Beauvoir
D) Hannah Arendt
Answer: B
Q2) According to the text,what sociological lesson was produced by the Democratic Revolution?
A) It is possible for people to change society.
B) Unseen social dangers arise because of latent functions.
C) Democracy is not the same as dictatorship.
D) Stable changes are not possible through revolution.
Answer: A
Q3) Which perspective assumes that society is stable and orderly?
A) knowledge-power
B) ethnomethodology
C) functionalist
D) symbolic interactionist
Answer: C
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Research Methods
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Q1) A natural scientist can study fossil remains of long-dead animals,or examine the botanical composition of plants.How is social science significantly different from natural science?
A) Social research has added complexity because people interpret their own behaviour.
B) The scientific method means that natural science is not falsifiable.
C) The scientific method of systematic observation does not apply equally to both fields.
D) Social science is a completely subjective science.
Answer: A
Q2) Which basic methodological research consideration might a black sociologist studying prejudice and discrimination have to be particularly careful to keep in mind,as a researcher and a member of an ethnic minority?
A) temptation to engage in fraud
B) processes that produce knowledge
C) required objectivity
D) method of collecting data
Answer: C
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4
Chapter 3: Culture
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Q1) For most of the past 200 years,throughout the world,consensus was built around Big Historical Projects.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) "I can't possibly wear my black pumps to the dance.The heel is clearly from 2009.What would my girlfriends think?" Which social constraint on human action is reflected in this statement?
A) functionalism
B) fashion
C) rationalization
D) consumerism
Answer: D
Q3) According to the Sapir-Whorf thesis,language has no effect on the way we perceive the world.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) What are the three elements of the Sapir-Whorf thesis? Provide an example.
Answer: Experience,thought,and language;Inuit and snow;nomadic Arabs and camels
Page 5
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Chapter 4: Socialization
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Q1) Do you consider yourself a Millennial? Why or why not? What lessons,if any,should Millennials adopt from previous generations to improve their own lives and Canadian society?
Q2) According to George Herbert Mead,which term refers to the stage in which children act out behaviour without understanding it?
A) play stage
B) copy stage
C) imitative stage
D) game stage
Q3) A young mother is raising a two-year-old boy and a three-year-old girl.She is careful to dress her children in distinctly masculine or feminine clothes and encourages her son to play with trucks and army figures,and her daughter to play with dolls.Which term best describes what this mother is doing?
A) sex stereotyping
B) gender stereotyping
C) primary socialization
D) gender role socialization
Q4) Explain the influence of total institutions.How might someone resist authority within a total institution?
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Chapter 5: Gender and Sexualities
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Q1) According to the text,what type of men is most likely to report having engaged in acts of sexual aggression towards women?
A) men who are unmarried
B) men who are married
C) men who are unattractive
D) men who enjoy sexist jokes
Q2) Sally believes that men should be tough,unemotional,and protective,and women should be dainty,emotional,and protected.Which concept best characterizes Sally's notions about males and females?
A) sex
B) sexuality
C) gender
D) genetics
Q3) What do recent surveys show with respect to sexual attitudes and behaviour? How do your personal experiences reflect these changes?
Q4) According to social constructionists,what are the three main sociohistorical changes that led to the development of gender inequality?
Q5) Explain the difference between transgendered persons and transsexuals.
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Chapter 6: Communication and Mass Media
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Q1) Historically,there has been a shift from time-biased media to space-biased media.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Social networking sites such as Facebook raise concerns about online privacy and surveillance.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What significant technology did Tim Berners-Lee invent?
A) the personal computer
B) the smart phone
C) self-driving cars
D) the World Wide Web
Q4) Why was Leonardo DiCaprio visiting the tar sands in Northern Alberta in 2014?
A) He wanted to participate in the "Ice Bucket Challenge."
B) He was starring in a new movie.
C) He was conducting research for an environmental documentary.
D) He was looking to invest in an oil company.
Q5) What is the political economy of the media? What are some of the consequences of the political economy of the media?
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Chapter 7: Social Stratification
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Q1) The workers in a shoe factory were tired of the long hours,poor working conditions,and low pay.They demanded that the situation improve and stopped working as a demonstration of discontent to the owners.Which statement would Marx argue is the best solution to address the situation?
A) Workers must accept private ownership in a capitalist state.
B) Owners must improve working conditions for their workers.
C) Workers must realize a class consciousness.
D) Owners must realize a class consciousness.
Q2) What are the two major components making up Marx's concept of the mode of production?
Q3) Weber shared with Marx a belief that economic inequalities were central to the social stratification system and that the ownership of one resource was a primary determinant of the power a person had for getting others to do as the person wished.What is that resource?
A) property
B) wealth
C) education
D) social networks
Q4) What are the key issues that are debated with the ghost of Marx?
Q5) Identify and explain the four types of capital as proposed by Pierre Bourdieu.
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Chapter 8: Gender Inequality
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Q1) What is the gender wage gap? How has it changed in Canada since 1992?
Q2) In the agrarian society,men are expected to plow and plant the fields while women tend to household chores such as cooking,cleaning,and childcare.What term describes this process whereby productive tasks are separated on the basis of being male or female?
A) gender based sexism
B) gendered division of labour
C) horizontal segregation
D) occupational segregation
Q3) According to the text,which statement is a supply-side explanation of gender inequality in earnings for women?
A) It is a result of women's work preferences.
B) Employers may prefer hiring men rather than women.
C) Earnings reflect the productivity of male versus female workers.
D) It reflects biological determinants such as muscle mass,height,and weight.
Q4) What is precarious employment?
Q5) What are the effects of social policies such as family-friendly policies in the workplace,and employment and pay equity,on the lives of women? Who benefits? Who doesn't?
Q6) Why are men more likely than women to report enjoying household chores?
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Race and Ethnic Relations
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Q1) Many schools have implemented a multicultural week into their curriculum and activities focus on the presentation of the objective elements of ethnicity.Which of the following would be addressed during this week?
A) a sense of belonging,or a shared "we feeling"
B) dish,dance,dialect,and dress of various groups
C) labels and definitions applied by different ethnic groups
D) categorization into ethnic groups based on self-identification
Q2) A man speaking about his hiring practices explains that he doesn't hire people from visible minorities because his clients prefer working with Caucasians.He goes on to say:
"I'm not racist.I'm a business man meeting my client's needs." Which statement best explains why this is an example of new racism?
A) The speaker believes his view is not racist.
B) The speaker believes his view is practical.
C) The speaker believes his view is following provincial law.
D) The speaker believes his view is in the best interest of his business.
Q3) What are the two interrelated explanations for the lower earnings of visible minority male immigrants?
Q4) Define institutional racism and list the three forms that it can take.
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Page 11
Chapter 10: Development and Underdevelopment
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Q1) W.W.Rostow is credited with the formulation of the modernization theory of development.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Prior to the Industrial Revolution,manufacturing consisted largely of rural and labour-intensive activities.Consequently,what was the global manufacturing situation of that time?
A) The majority of manufacturing existed in the Global North.
B) Eastern European countries accounted for most manufacturing.
C) Western European countries accounted for most manufacturing.
D) The majority of manufacturing existed in the Global South.
Q3) How have countries such as Argentina,Ecuador,Venezuela,Bolivia,and Brazil worked on their economic development goals?
A) by following neoliberalist policies and planning
B) by creating free markets with little or no regulation
C) by assisting landless peasants and the rural poor
D) by relying heavily on the World Bank and the IMF
Q4) Discuss the successes and the drawbacks inherent in China's economic growth.Explain how economic development does not necessarily lead to prosperity for all.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Families
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Q1) Which of the following is best described as "a socially approved,presumably long-term sexual and economic relationship between a man and a woman involving reciprocal rights and obligations between spouses and between parents and children"?
A) a traditional,sociological definition of marriage
B) a government definition of common-law
C) a definition of cohabitation
D) a traditional,sociological definition of family
Q2) "A cohabiting man and woman who maintain a socially approved sexual relationship and have at least one child." According to your text,what does this statement define?
A) current definition of marriage
B) ideal family form
C) standard sociological definition of family from previous generations.
D) present-day Canadian census definition of family
Q3) What explains the increasing number of single-person households in Canada?
Q4) Canada has implemented a universal daycare system whereby regulated and licensed childcare is available at a cost of $7 per day.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Work and Occupations
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Q1) Sam was a craftsman living in preindustrialized Europe.He had a weaving company where he spun the wool,wove the fabric,and took it to market.As industrialization was introduced,a factory was set up nearby where one person spun,another wove,and another went to market.What was the name given to these people doing only one job?
A) task experts
B) single craft workers
C) divided labour
D) semiskilled labour
Q2) According to the text,what impact does occupational sex segregation have on workplace satisfaction?
A) Women report more job satisfaction than men in sex-segregated jobs.
B) Men and women generally report similar levels of job satisfaction.
C) When women compare themselves to men,they are more satisfied.
D) Men report more job satisfaction than women in all occupations.
Q3) What do critics of postindustrialism,such as Braverman,claim?
A) Many job skills are being downgraded.
B) Job skill requirements are increasing.
C) The division of labour is decreasing.
D) There is now a split labour market.
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Education
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Q1) In comparison with European countries,Canadian education has been quite restrictive and inflexible.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Hans,an exchange student from Germany,was describing his elementary and high school years to his Canadian classmates.At the age of 11,he and his classmates had to write a qualifying exam and those who passed (and he was one of them)were allowed entrance into the Gymnasium and those who did not pass went to the Hauptschule.In his final year,he wrote the Abitur exam and went on to university,while Hauptschule students went on to vocational studies.What term describes Hans' educational arrangement?
A) meritocratic mobility
B) sponsored mobility
C) elite integration
D) contest mobility
Q3) According to Dr.Howard Gardner,the traditional view of intelligence,as measured by IQ testing,is an inadequate and narrow model of human potential.
A)True
B)False
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15
Chapter 14: Religion
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Q1) How does "deprivation" account for religiosity?
Q2) What are the three dominant person-centred explanations of religious commitment? Give a short description of each.
Q3) According to the text,what must religious groups do to achieve their formal goals?
A) They must establish norms and roles for their members.
B) They must compete with other religions for members.
C) They must exhibit miracles to strengthen faith.
D) They must establish how prophecies have been fulfilled.
Q4) What appears to be a necessary factor in causing religiosity,although it is not enough to cause religiosity on its own?
A) peer pressure
B) socialization
C) daily prayer
D) church attendance
Q5) According to the text,religion is concerned with discovering life's meaning,while humanist perspectives are concerned with making life meaningful.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 15: Deviance and Crime
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Q1) Lillian worked as an accountant for a business with annual profits of $1 million.However,her boss paid her a low-level salary that did not meet her family's expenses.Lillian soon realized that she could embezzle money easily and began skimming about $100,000 per year.Which theory best explains the reason behind her deviant behaviour?
A) control theory
B) routine activity theory
C) strain theory
D) monetary theory
Q2) Discuss strain theory and its variations.Give examples.
Q3) Why was the Juvenile Delinquents Act replaced by the Young Offenders Act?
A) It was believed that the Juvenile Delinquents Act was no longer relevant.
B) It was felt that the Juvenile Delinquents Act was failing in efforts to deter or prevent rising rates of juvenile crime.
C) The Juvenile Delinquents Act penalized too many young people for behaviours that were no longer considered to be criminal acts.
D) The term "juvenile delinquents" was looked at as being stigmatizing.
Q4) According to the text,how have self-report studies benefited sociologists when conducting research on deviance among young people?
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Chapter 16: Population and Urbanization
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Q1) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the urban-growth machine?
A) It includes an extensive cast of players.
B) There is an emphasis on community and values.
C) Land use is seen as an investment and commodity.
D) It has a narrow economic and political focus.
Q2) What recent phenomenon allows middle-class homeowners to have physical security and freedom from exposure to the social problems of the inner city?
A) edge city
B) private communities
C) publicly shared communities
D) gentrification
Q3) According to Burgess's model,where do second-generation immigrants typically reside?
A) zone of interstitial transition
B) zone of better residences
C) zone of working-class homes
D) central business district
Q4) Examine whether a relationship exists between people's social class and the type of city or neighbourhood where they reside.
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Chapter 17: Sociology and the Environment
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Q1) In a poll taken during the 2008-2009 recession,what percentage of Canadians believed that environmental issues were not garnering the necessary attention?
A) 54
B) 64
C) 74
D) 84
Q2) Tania's course outline asserts that students will be exploring the development and implementation of environmental policies and discussing the interactions of government with industry and consumers while addressing environmental issues.What class is Tania enrolled in?
A) lobby groups-policy and practice
B) environmental governance
C) economic environmentalism
D) resource curse in resource-poor countries
Q3) How does the way we treat the environment affect various groups in society,especially those who are not privileged or powerful? Explain fully with examples.
Q4) What is meant by the command-and-control approach to protecting the environment? What is a major objection to this method?
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Chapter 18: Health and Aging
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Q1) List the three factors that have been linked to social inequalities and poor individual physical and mental health.
Q2) In 2004,who was named The Greatest Canadian of all time by voters across Canada,in large part due to his tireless efforts to ensure that every Canadian had access to quality health care,regardless of their economic or social situation?
A) Lester B.Pearson
B) John Diefenbaker
C) Joey Smallwood
D) Tommy Douglas
Q3) Health inequalities in Canada have been on the decline as a result of the introduction of a universal health-care system.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What are the services that make up home care?
A) nursing,physiotherapy,and housekeeping services
B) in-home visits by physicians paid for by the government
C) in-home visits by dentists and dental hygienists
D) services such as home making,provided just because you are old
Q5) Explain the multiple jeopardy hypothesis and utilize examples.
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Chapter 19: Politics and Social Movements
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Q1) Which group of people is least likely to be attracted to the new social movements?
A) business people
B) journalists
C) students
D) teachers
Q2) Anneliese worked hard to protest the plans for a new shopping mall about to be built on parkland.She convinced 1,000 people to demonstrate against the proposal and ultimately the mall was built in another location,not on parkland.What had Anneliese successfully created?
A) anarchy
B) authority
C) a social movement
D) a popular protest
Q3) What observation concerning political involvement is supported by numerous surveys?
A) It decreases in the lower social classes.
B) It decreases in the Western provinces.
C) It increases in the lower social classes.
D) It decreases in the Atlantic provinces.
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Page 21
Chapter 20: Globalization
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Q1) What is the concept of neoliberalism?
A) new members of a political party
B) humanitarian work done by the United Nations
C) faith in the market and a retreat from state spending
D) individuals who are part of social movements of liberation
Q2) Stella likes the latte served by Starbucks,but when she buys a cup of coffee she prefers to support local businesses and goes to the family-owned shop on the corner.What is this Stella's small contribution to?
A) global brand backlash
B) local consumption
C) consumption considerations
D) global consumption protest
Q3) What is the purpose of the World Trade Organization (WTO)? According to the text,what do critics say about it?
Q4) What is the largest film production industry in the world?
A) Nigeria's Nollywood
B) America's Hollywood
C) Britain's BBC
D) India's Bollywood
Q5) What is the "Buffett rule" and why was it created?
Page 22
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Chapter 21: Networks, Groups, and Bureaucracies
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Q1) A young man growing up in a small town has a desire to be a jazz musician;however,he has no one to "jam" with.Yet he collects records,reads jazz history,and idolizes jazz innovator Miles Davis.What does this distant jazz community represent for this young man?
A) reference group
B) primary group
C) ideal group
D) secondary group
Q2) A man in a wheelchair is waiting at a subway station with several other people,when he gets swarmed by a group of unruly teens-they poke fun at him and race him up and down the station platform in his chair.Why do the witnesses do nothing?
A) The more bystanders there are,the less responsibility each person feels to intervene.
B) People might have assumed the victim was acquainted with his assailants.
C) People do not like to interfere in other people's business.
D) Everyone is too frightened to intervene;they all fear for their own safety.
Q3) Primary groups are larger and more impersonal than secondary groups.
A)True
B)False
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