Social Problems
Final Test Solutions
Course Introduction
This course offers an in-depth examination of contemporary social problems affecting societies both locally and globally. Students will explore critical issues such as poverty, crime, inequality, environmental challenges, health disparities, and discrimination through a sociological lens. Emphasis will be placed on understanding the root causes, consequences, and potential solutions to these problems by analyzing societal structures, cultural influences, and policy responses. The course encourages critical thinking and engagement with diverse perspectives, equipping students with the tools to assess and address pressing social challenges.
Recommended Textbook
Essentials of Sociology 9th Edition by David B. Brinkerhoff
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15 Chapters
2023 Verified Questions
2023 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Study of Society
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135 Verified Questions
135 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sociology is defined in your text as the systematic study of:
A) mental cognition.
B) the biological difference between individuals.
C) human social interaction.
D) individual human behavior.
Answer: C
Q2) The most difficult task in sampling is:
A) getting an accurate list of the population under study.
B) introducing a control variable.
C) interpreting frequencies.
D) interviewing people.
Answer: A
Q3) According to Marx,the most basic element of any human society is:
A) the family.
B) religion.
C) laws.
D) the economic system.
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Culture
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134 Verified Questions
134 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) At the broadest level,cultural elements spread around the world.This is called:
A) globalization of culture.
B) assimilation
C) xenophobia.
D) cultural lag.
Answer: A
Q2) The transmission of culture from one person or generation to the next is dependent upon:
A) a large brain.
B) natural human instincts.
C) the human capacity for creating and using technology.
D) the human capacity for language.
Answer: D
Q3) One result of NAFTA has been:
A) many American workers have lost their jobs or accepted cuts to keep their jobs.
B) new trade relationships have created more employment for Americans.
C) American workers have been able to increase their demands for benefits.
D) There has been little impact from NAFTA.
Answer: A
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Socialization
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135 Verified Questions
135 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Children aged 8-18 now spend almost ______ hours per day engaged with mass media,an increase of _____ hours a day over the last decade.
A) 11; 3
B) 9; 2.5
C) 8; 2
D) 6; 1.5
Answer: A
Q2) Facilities in which all aspects of life are strictly controlled for the purpose of radical resocialization are called:
A) bureaucracies.
B) total institutions.
C) institutions.
D) deprived environments.
Answer: B
Q3) Define the term total institution and give an example of a total institution.
Answer: Total institutions are facilities in which all aspects of life are strictly controlled for the purpose of radical resocialization.Examples might be a monastery,a prison,or the military.
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Chapter 4: Social Structure and Social Interaction
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135 Verified Questions
135 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sociologist Amy Wilkins studied young people who identify as Goths.Based on her research,she concluded that:
A) the teens had always been fascinated with death and the Goth identity was a natural fit.
B) the Goth teens had been white adolescents who would otherwise have been considered geeks.
C) Goth teens assume their identity in order to fit in with the other social groups among their peers.
D) the Goth identity makes sense for boys who would otherwise be victimized by violence, but for girls the identity does not make sense.
Q2) Which of these statements about resolving identities within social interaction is FALSE?
A) Most often, identities are not a problem in social encounters.
B) Differences about how to define identity may be the cause of serious conflict.
C) Negotiation of identity involves manipulating others into playing roles we've assigned to them.
D) Resolving identity issues in interactions usually involves further talk.
Q3) What are the five basic social institutions?
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Chapter 5: Groups, Networks, and Organizations
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135 Verified Questions
135 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The text uses the term _________ for the phenomenon in small groups whereby the members' opinions/positions tend to become more similar over time.
A) severance
B) apportionment stereotype
C) choice shifts
D) persistent nemesis
Q2) A social network includes:
A) only primary groups that provide social support, like our family and friends.
B) only secondary groups, like our co-workers.
C) all the relationships we have.
D) only relationships that are important to the individual.
Q3) Which of the following communication structures allows the greatest equality of participation?
A) the circle pattern
B) the all-channel network pattern
C) the wheel pattern
D) the free-for-all pattern
Q4) What are some of the factors that affect the kind of interaction we experience in small groups? What effects do these factors have on social interaction?
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Chapter 6: Deviance, Crime, and Social Control
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135 Verified Questions
135 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) ________ refers to the extent to which individuals in a neighborhood share expectations that neighbors will intervene and work together to maintain social order.
A) Collective efficacy
B) Anomie
C) Retreatism
D) Ritualism
Q2) Continued and deliberate deviance that results from labeling is:
A) primary deviance.
B) innovation.
C) secondary deviance.
D) white-collar crime.
Q3) Define white-collar crime. What are its costs and why does it receive so little attention relative to street crime?
Q4) Durkheim first applied the explanation of anomie in his study of:
A) deviance.
B) social control.
C) suicide.
D) crime.
Q5) Explain the concept of medicalization.
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Chapter 7: Stratification
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135 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to structural-functional theory,a society needs to offer high rewards as an incentive to make sure that people are willing to perform essential tasks.What three factors drive the size of the rewards?
Q2) People who are employed full-time and earn between about $22,000 to $44,000 annually are termed the __________ by sociologists.
A) near poor
B) lower-middle class
C) permanently poor
D) working class
Q3) Comprehensive research on poverty shows that the culture of poverty theories are:
A) excellent for explaining poverty in the United States.
B) not testable.
C) not well-supported.
D) not popular among the masses of Americans.
Q4) Discuss how water both reflects and reinforces inequality within and between the least- and most-developed societies.
Q5) What is modernization theory? What would a conflict theorist say about it?
Q6) What is class consciousness?
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Chapter 8: Racial and Ethnic Inequality
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135 Verified Questions
135 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Chinese Americans were not allowed to become naturalized U.S.citizens until:
A) 1865.
B) the Great Depression.
C) World War II.
D) 1965.
Q2) By 1700,the __________ culture was dominant on the entire Eastern seaboard.
A) Dutch
B) German
C) Spanish
D) English
Q3) The U.S.is a fully pluralistic society.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What is the difference between majority and minority groups?
Q5) Because of educational success,Asian Americans earn more than white Americans with the same credentials.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Define pluralism.
Q7) Provide an example of scapegoating.
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Chapter 9: Sex,Gender,and Sexuality
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135 Verified Questions
135 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Men are more likely to choose and be urged into disciplines that are more lucrative than women.The implications of the educational choices of men and women on their economic well-being is an example of:
A) personal preference.
B) institutional sexism.
C) the natural order of things.
D) overt individual discrimination.
Q2) According to ________,a gender-based division of labor is actually good because it protects the family unit from having unnecessary competition between the man and the woman in the household.
A) structural-functionalism
B) symbolic interactionism
C) conflict theory
D) sociobiology
Q3) What is a sociological reason for men being more susceptible to heart disease than women?
Q4) Describe the three historical waves of the women's movement,and the important issues and characteristics of each.Define different types of feminism.
Q5) Why do young children develop rigid gender role ideologies?
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Chapter 10: Health and Health Care
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135 Verified Questions
135 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The status of the nursing profession remains low because the field is considered a "women's occupation."
A)True
B)False
Q2) __________ are most likely to have no health insurance.
A) Older adults
B) Young people
C) Those working in large corporations
D) Those working for government agencies
Q3) Compared with those with similar conditions who have health insurance,those without health insurance are more likely to:
A) go to the doctor more frequently.
B) utilize clinics, hospitals, and private physicians.
C) require hospitalization when they seek care.
D) need much less care.
Q4) How do most insured Americans get their health insurance?
A) through Medicare
B) through Medicaid
C) through their employment
D) through private pay companies
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Family
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135 Verified Questions
135 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What percent of American women have no children at the ages of 30-34?
A) 10%
B) 15%
C) 25%
D) 30%
Q2) American children are ___________ to be born to unmarried women as to married women.
A) much less likely
B) much more likely
C) slightly less likely
D) about as likely
Q3) Most people marry someone who is similar to themselves in values,beliefs,etc.This is called:
A) the matching hypothesis.
B) homogamy.
C) propinquity.
D) value consensus.
Q4) All cultures discourage childbearing outside marriage.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Education and Religion
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135 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) the form and character a religion assumes is shaped by the way it resolves the tension between:
A) good and evil.
B) compromising with or rejecting the world.
C) wants and needs.
D) life and death.
Q2) Within the U.S.,a significant change over the past twenty years has been:
A) an increase in the percentage of Jews in the population.
B) the near universal acceptance of Christianity.
C) a movement away from conventional Protestant denominations to fundamentalists such as the Pentacostal and Nazarene.
D) an increase in the percentage of adults who identify themselves as Catholic.
Q3) Sects have _________ organization; churches have __________ organization.
A) informal; bureaucratic
B) informal; informal
C) bureaucratic; bureaucratic
D) bureaucratic; informal
Q4) Summarize the text material on racial-ethnic and social differences in a)schooling experiences; b)quantity of schooling achieved; c)economic payoff to education.
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Chapter 13: Politics and the Economy
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135 Verified Questions
135 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) U.S.surveys consistently find that most workers are satisfied with their job.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The text argues that the lesson of the recent economic crisis in the U.S.is that the free-market capitalist system works best when balance by government regulation.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The _________ approach to protecting U.S.jobs is to ensure that American children receive quality education in all areas to enable them for high-wage jobs in technology and science fields
A) conservative
B) liberal
C) social investment
D) conflict
Q4) Institutions such as the family,education,and religion are all involved in politics. A)True
B)False
Q5) What are the three types of authority identified by Weber?
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Chapter 14: Population and Urbanization
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135 Verified Questions
135 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In most developing countries,high fertility rates are the primary cause of poverty.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The population of New Orleans is about 40% smaller than it was prior to Hurricane Katrina.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Suburban areas that have developed an existence separate from the cities they were once connected to are called:
A) metropolitan areas.
B) consolidated zones.
C) edge cities.
D) nonmetropolitan areas.
Q4) The world's population is currently approximately:
A) 10 billion.
B) 8.7 billion.
C) 6.3 billion
D) 3.4 billion.
Q5) What is the difference between the birth rate and the fertility rate?
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Chapter 15: Social Change
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134 Verified Questions
134 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Normal accidents are:
A) accidents that occur frequently.
B) accidents that could be prevented.
C) expected to happen sooner or later no matter what safeguards you put into place.
D) accidents that rarely happen.
Q2) The process of recruiting social movement members one at a time by convincing them that their values are the same as those of the social movement organization is called:
A) movement resocialization.
B) indoctrination.
C) resocialization.
D) frame alignment.
Q3) A criticism of resource mobilization theory is that it:
A) focuses too much on the role of deprivation in mobilization.
B) ignores the question of how grievances are transformed into collective identities and agendas.
C) is overly concerned with the grievances of different groups rather than their organizing strategies.
D) All of these are criticisms of resource mobilization theory.
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Page 17