Social Problems Exam Review
Course Introduction
This course offers an in-depth exploration of contemporary social problems affecting various societies, such as poverty, crime, inequality, discrimination, health disparities, and environmental challenges. Students will examine the causes, consequences, and social structures underlying these issues, as well as analyze the roles of media, government, and social institutions in addressing or perpetuating them. Through theoretical frameworks and case studies, the course encourages critical thinking about potential solutions and social policies aimed at mitigating these pervasive challenges.
Recommended Textbook
Introduction to Criminology 3rd Edition by Anthony Walsh
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15 Chapters
797 Verified Questions
797 Flashcards
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2
Chapter 1: Introduction and Overview of Crime and Criminology
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54 Verified Questions
54 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Driving twenty-six (26)miles per hour in an area where the speed limit is twenty-five (25)miles per hour would best be described as an act:
A) Mala in se.
B) Mala prohibita.
C) Of overcriminalization.
D) Of felonious proportions.
Answer: B
Q2) Lombroso's theory of the "born criminal" was aligned with which school of thought?
A) Biosocial
B) Classical
C) Positivist
D) Psychological
Answer: C
Q3) While theories are interesting to consider,they are often impractical,as they tend to be used to explain phenomena in the absence of any solid,practical evidence.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 2: Measuring Crime and Criminal Behavior
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52 Verified Questions
52 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What are the three major categories of sources for crime data?
Answer: Official statistics,victimization survey data,and self-report data.
Q2) The term "index crime" refers to:
A) The nation's murder rate.
B) Part I offenses on the UCR.
C) Part II offenses on the UCR.
D) The rate of violent victimizations reported on the NCVS.
Answer: B
Q3) The UCR is compiled by:
A) The Bureau of Justice Statistics
B) The Federal Bureau of Investigation
C) Homeland Security
D) The American Society of Criminology
Answer: B
Q4) One weakness of the NCVS is that it:
A) Only reflects crimes that have been reported to the police.
B) Only provides statistics on property crimes.
C) Is not based on a representative sample of the United States.
D) Does not provide any statistics on "victimless" crimes.
Answer: D
Page 4
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Chapter 3: The Early Schools of Criminology and Modern Counterparts
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Sample Questions
Q1) The father of classical criminology is generally considered to be:
A) Cesare Lombroso
B) Jeremy Bentham
C) Adolphe Quetelet
D) Cesare Beccaria
Answer: D
Q2) Adolphe Quetelet is known for his work in the area of cartographic criminology.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) _____ deterrence refers to the effect of punishment of the future behavior of the person who experiences the punishment.
A) General
B) Specific
C) Primary
D) Secondary
Answer: B
Q4) Which two theorists are most often associated with the classical school?
Answer: Cesare Beccaria and Jeremy Bentham.
Page 5
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Chapter 4: Social Structural Theories
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Sample Questions
Q1) Durkheim argued that crime is normal,inevitable,and socially useful.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Structural theorists are interested in seeking the social causes of crime rates,rather than why particular individuals commit crime.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Describe the central argument of institutional anomie theory.
Q4) One of the strengths of anomie/strain theory is its ability to explain violent crimes.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Shaw and McKay noted that the majority of delinquents always came from the same neighborhood regardless of the ethnic composition of those neighborhoods.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Briefly explain the distinction between "mechanical solidarity" and "organic solidarity."
Q7) What is "social disorganization"?
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Chapter 5: Social Process Theories
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56 Verified Questions
56 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A prison term is an example of _____.
A) Positive reinforcement
B) Negative reinforcement
C) Positive punishment
D) Negative punishment
Q2) Which of the following provides an explanation for how people learn to commit crime from those around them?
A) Differential Association Theory
B) Labeling Theory
C) Social Bonding Theory
D) Self-Control Theory
Q3) _____ refers to the acceptance of social norms regulating conduct.
A) Attachment
B) Commitment
C) Involvement
D) Belief
Q4) According to Gottfredson and Hirschi,most crimes are spontaneous acts and require little skill.
A)True
B)False
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Critical Theories: Marxist, Conflict, and Feminist
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the "lumpenproletariat"?
Q2) _____ criminology argues that an overemphasis on punishing criminals escalates violence.
A) Conflict
B) Feminist
C) Marxist
D) Peacemaking
Q3) Conflict theory shares with labeling theory the idea crime is a social construct with no intrinsic meaning.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Freda Adler suggested that as females increasingly adopt male roles in society,they will become as crime-prone as men,in what is known as the ____ hypothesis.
A) Emancipation
B) Gender Equality
C) Masculinization
D) Staying Alive
Q5) According to Marx,which two parties are involved in class struggle?
Q6) Briefly describe peacemaking criminology.
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Chapter 7: Psychosocial Theories: Individual Traits and Criminal Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) The ___effect refers to the phenomenon of genetics and environment tending to be matched,so that a person's genetic advantage or disadvantage intellectually will tend to be magnified over time due to environmental influences.
A) Classical
B) Multiplier
C) Reticulant
D) Wechsler
Q2) Impulsiveness is a trait that has commonly been linked to criminal behavior.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Compare and contrast the concepts of "psychopathy" and "sociopathy." In our efforts to reduce/respond to crime,should our responses to these two types of antisocial personalities differ? Support your answer.
Q4) The regulator of neurological arousal is the _____.
A) ANS
B) EEG
C) PCL-R
D) RAS
Q5) Briefly describe the contributions of "lifestyle theory."
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Chapter 8: Biosocial Approaches
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Sample Questions
Q1) The idea that individuals seek and find their "niche" in society as they grow into adulthood is indicative of which type of G/E correlation?
A) Active
B) Evocative
C) Immediate
D) Passive
Q2) Damage to the prefrontal cortex can increase the likelihood that a person will engage in antisocial behavior.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following represents the policy implications of biosocial theories of crime?
A) The offering of pre- and post-natal care for women.
B) Monitoring infants and young children in their early years.
C) Providing pharmacological treatments.
D) All of the above.
Q4) According to evolutionary psychologists,even though cheating can be rational in some circumstances,why is it that humans so often engage in cooperation?
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Developmental Theories: From Delinquency to
Crime to Desistance
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following has not been identified as a protective factor for delinquency?
A) Being male.
B) Having a high IQ.
C) Having friends who engage in conventional behavior.
D) Living in a stable, organized neighborhood.
Q2) According to Farrington,individuals with _____ AP may temporarily increase their AP in response to certain situations or inducements.
A) Long-term
B) Short-term
C) Covert
D) Overt
Q3) What is meant by "the maturity gap"?
Q4) What is a risk factor?
Q5) Developmental research in criminology is characterized by the use of convenience samples.
A)True
B)False
Q6) What distinguishes delinquency from criminality?
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Q7) List the two "super traits" identified by "super traits theory."
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Chapter 10: Violent Crimes
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following best describes the 2008 murder rate in the U.S.?
A) It was at an all-time high of 10.2 per 100,000.
B) It was at almost half the all-time high rate, which had occurred in 1980.
C) It was the first year in which the murder rate was higher for females than males.
D) It was the highest rate of any nation in the world.
Q2) Domestic violence is most prevalent in households with incomes:
A) Below $7,500
B) Between $7,500 and $24,999
C) Between $25,000 and $49,999
D) $50,000 or more
Q3) Identify two symptoms of rape trauma syndrome.
Q4) Which of the following statements is true about rape in the United States?
A) Most rapes involve the use of a weapon.
B) The vast majority of rapes are committed by strangers to the victim.
C) Victims are less likely to report rape if they have sustained injuries in the attack.
D) About half of all rapes are committed by someone known to the victim.
Q5) Identify one factor that has led to a reduction in the murder rate in the United States.
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Property Crimes
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Sample Questions
Q1) Briefly describe the role of guardianship in burglars' assessment of a potential target.
Q2) Most stolen identity information is for the personal use of the individual who stole it.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Proximity is the most important consideration for low- and mid-level burglars.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The fact that shoplifters report engaging in the crime because it is easy,low-risk,and abundant in opportunity is consistent with which theory of crime?
A) Differential Association Theory
B) Rational Choice Theory
C) Social Bond Theory
D) Strain Theory
Q5) Just about everyone who enters cyberspace is a potential victim of cybercrime.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Describe the "salami technique."
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Page 13
Chapter 11: A: Multiple Murder and Terrorism
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Sample Questions
Q1) The _____ model attempts to integrate cultural,developmental,psychological,and biological concepts to explain serial killing.
A) Diathesis-stress
B) Evolutionary psychology
C) Mission-oriented
D) Social learning
Q2) According to your text,why would an individual with an antisocial personality get involved in a terrorist group?
Q3) The sniper team of Lee Malvo and John Muhammad serve as an example of spree murderers.
A)True
B)False
Q4) _____ is defined by the FBI as meaning "the unlawful use of force or violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce in furtherance of political or social goals."
A) Aggravated assault
B) Forceful intmidation
C) Political crime
D) Terrorism
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Chapter 13: Public Order Crime
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Sample Questions
Q1) The notion that public order crimes are "victimless" is:
A) Widely accepted among criminologists and the general public.
B) Contested by criminologists, but accepted among the general public.
C) Rejected by criminologists, due to the number of "secondary victims" harmed by such crimes.
D) Rejected by criminologists, due to the large number of public order crimes reported each year on the NCVS.
Q2) Which of the following is true regarding the sex trade in ancient Greece?
A) Sex work was limited to a government-run network of brothels.
B) The poor could not afford the services of sex workers.
C) There was a hierarchy of different forms of sex work.
D) There was no sex trade in ancient Greece.
Q3) Which of the following,passed in 1914,was instrumental in changing the way that Americans thought about drug use?
A) The Boggs Act
B) The Golden Rule Disposition
C) The Harrison Act
D) The Volstead Act
Q4) What is a stimulant?
Q5) What was the Harrison Narcotic Act? Include its significance.
Page 15
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Chapter 14: White-Collar and Organized Crime
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Sample Questions
Q1) Most white collar crime is committed by persons of particularly high status.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The motorcycle gang "Hell's Angels" is one example of an organized crime group.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following increased the penalties for corporate crimes in the United States?
A) The Harrison Act
B) The McClellan Commission
C) Sarbanes-Oxley Act
D) Volstead Act
Q4) Memoirs of the members of La Cosa Nostra show that they had:
A) Come from involved and intact families.
B) Received good educations.
C) Viewed crime as more lurative than legitimate opportunities.
D) All of the above.
Q5) Do you think that the motives of occupational criminals are the same as,or different than,those of street criminals? Support your answer with what you have learned in class.
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Chapter 15: Victimology: Exploring the Experience of Victimization
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Sample Questions
Q1) As students progress through high school,their risk of being bullied increases.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Many criminologists have disparaged victim precipitation theory as victim-blaming.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Girls are most likely to be molested by _____.
A) Family members
B) Friends
C) Neighbors
D) Strangers
Q4) Which of the following decreases individuals' risk of victimization?
A) Aging.
B) Being married.
C) Increasing household income.
D) All of the above.
Q5) Bonnie Fisher and colleagues did a study on rape among college women.As a result of this study,they identified four lifestyle factors that increased the risk of sexual assault.Identify two of these risk actors.
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