Social Institutions Test Preparation
Course Introduction
This course explores the fundamental structures that organize social life, known as social institutions. Students examine how institutions such as family, education, religion, economy, and government shape human behavior, societal norms, and cultural values. Through theoretical analysis and case studies, the course investigates the historical development, roles, and interrelationships of these institutions, as well as their influence on issues such as social inequality, identity, and social change. By understanding social institutions, students gain insight into the patterns of cooperation and conflict that define societies.
Recommended Textbook
New Society 7th Edition by Robert J. Brym
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21 Chapters
2434 Verified Questions
2434 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Sociology
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116 Verified Questions
116 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements best characterizes functionalism?
A) It asserts that social structures are the individual ideas people have about their lives.
B) It stresses how structures equally maintain or undermine social stability and solidarity.
C) It stresses that social behaviour is about relatively stable patterns of social relations.
D) It maintains that social structures produce a false sense of stability and order.
Answer: C
Q2) Which of the following would be a key focus of analysis for feminist theorists?
A) biology
B) matriarchy
C) patriarchy
D) macro analysis
Answer: C
Q3) Science is less a collection of ideas than it is a method of inquiry.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 2: Culture
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Sample Questions
Q1) Define ethnocentrism and provide examples of its manifestations.
Answer: Judging another culture exclusively by the standards of our own culture; the text makes reference to Aboriginal peoples, Muslims, and India.
Q2) Alex was just given a lecture from his boss about being late for work and his overall lack of motivation. From a sociological perspective, which of the following terms best reflects this example?
A) employment sanction
B) social sanction
C) re-sanction
D) negative sanction
Answer: D
Q3) According to the text, which of the following most accurately reflects the current state of the social consciousness of Canadians?
A) Fewer Canadians now take part in a broad range of political action.
B) Canadians have grown more trusting of authority in all institutions.
C) Canadians have a high degree of tolerance and respect for diversity.
D) Voting rates have risen steadily over several federal elections.
Answer: C
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4
Chapter 3: Socialization
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Sample Questions
Q1) Are we free to become whomever we want?
Answer: No. Socialization is an active process in which we transform our identity as we take on new roles, but we do not always do so in conditions of our own choosing.
Q2) According to Charles Horton Cooley, from whom do we receive the first images of the self?
A) social institutions
B) significant others
C) peer interactions
D) mass media
Answer: B
Q3) In elementary school we learn to raise our hands and stand in line. What scholastic learning objective is this part of?
A) the discipline directive
B) the hidden curriculum
C) the conformity curriculum
D) the orderly conduct directive
Answer: B
Q4) What are the four main agents of socialization?
Answer: Family, school, peers, and mass media.
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Chapter 4: Gender and Sexuality
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the text, which of the following is a position espoused by sexual pluralists?
A) They are open to all forms of sexual expression with no state intervention.
B) They believe that sexual preference should be regulated by the state.
C) They agree that when it comes to sex, "anything goes."
D) They are opposed to sexual behaviour that is based on the abuse of power.
Q2) According to the text, what is compulsory heterosexuality?
A) a position supported by the state and various laws regulating sex
B) an assumption that people should desire only members of the opposite sex
C) an assumption that having intercourse can be done in only one position
D) an example of dominant religious doctrines that condemn gay sex
Q3) An open-minded individual believes that when it comes to consenting adults and sex, just about anything goes, except for coercive relations, abuse of power, and breaking the law. What term best describes this person's attitudes toward sex?
A) sexual permissiveness
B) laissez-faire
C) sexual inclusiveness
D) sexual pluralism
Q4) Explain the difference between transgendered persons and transsexuals.
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Chapter 5: Communication and Mass Media
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Sample Questions
Q1) The prime minister of Canada calls a federal general election and is subsequently interviewed by the leading network news anchors. What term best categorizes the kind of news source the prime minister represents?
A) original news source
B) extraordinary news source
C) official news source
D) expert news source
Q2) George Gerbner and his associates developed their theory of media effects through the analysis of which of the following types of mediums?
A) Internet/cell phones
B) television/video games
C) newspapers/magazines
D) movie rentals/music
Q3) Which of the following is one of the concerns about social networking sites?
A) surveillance
B) status inconsistencies
C) activism
D) misrepresentation
Q4) What is cultural imperialism? Explain how this relates to Canada.
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Chapter 6: Social Stratification
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Sample Questions
Q1) What are the two major components making up Marx's concept of the mode of production?
Q2) According to the text, what lies at the root of capitalism's concept of surplus value?
A) The values of expert craftsmen ensure the production of commodities with great quality.
B) Surplus is the amount of money left over after a worker has paid the bills.
C) The value of items produced by workers exceeds the cost of material and wages.
D) Elegant furniture composed of many parts is more valuable than simpler products.
Q3) According to the text, which term identifies persistent patterns of social inequality, perpetuated by the distribution of wealth, power, and prestige passed from one generation to the next?
A) social mobility
B) social striation
C) social position
D) social stratification
Q4) What are the key issues that are debated with the ghost of Marx?
Q5) Identify and describe the four types of occupational mobility.
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Gender Inequality
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115 Verified Questions
115 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the text, what explains the wage gap between men and women?
A) Women are genetically endowed with less physical strength.
B) Women have less interest in occupations that pay more.
C) Women are discriminated against, and their work is devalued.
D) Women have lower levels of educational attainment.
Q2) The sandwich generation refers to a generation of men and women who care for their aging parents while supporting their own children.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In Canada today, what proportion of women vote in elections, compared to men?
A) a lower proportion of women vote than men
B) approximately the same proportion as men
C) about seven women vote for every three men
D) a higher proportion of women vote than men
Q4) According to the text, which of the following is considered an employment ghetto for women?
A) part-time work
B) home work/housekeeping
C) self-employment
D) service sector jobs
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Race and Ethnic Relations
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Sample Questions
Q1) Genetic differences between races are prescribed, statistically significant, and have behavioural consequences.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Because of political pressure and survey wording, "Canadians" are now the largest ethnic group in Canada.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Lukas and Joshua were discussing the merits of increasing and/or decreasing Canadian immigration rates. Lukas tended to favour the idea of increasing immigration levels as a result of reading what demographers were forecasting for Canada if immigration rates were to decline. What demographic prediction was Lukas referring to?
A) an increase in illegal immigrants
B) a population in decline by 2015
C) the aging of the Canadian population
D) lower taxes for the next generation
Q4) What are the six main variables that have influenced which groups of people have been allowed to immigrate to Canada?
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Chapter 9: Development and Underdevelopment
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115 Verified Questions
115 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Janeen asserts that neoliberal policies have benefited Country X and its citizens, basing her argument on the economic success indicators of the country. Joseph posits that neoliberal policies have led to the deterioration of Country X, with citizens experiencing the detrimental effects of air pollution, water pollution, and increased crime and violence. What is the basis for Joseph's argument?
A) ecological indicators
B) inequality indicators
C) development indicators
D) quality-of-life indicators
Q2) Which type of theorists blame Third World societies for their own lack of development?
A) stratification theorists
B) underdevelopment theorists
C) dependency theorists
D) modernization theorists
Q3) The text asserts that approximately 95 percent of the New World's population was decimated within a short time after contact with Europeans. How did this happen?
Q4) Outline the basic tenets of a neoliberal approach to development.
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Chapter 10: Families
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116 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following factors determined the composition of households in preindustrial societies?
A) labour requirements
B) religious beliefs and values
C) ideas of love and caring
D) family size
Q2) Prior to 1925, Canadian women could petition for divorce only on the grounds of adultery.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What percentage of Canadian children experience a parental separation or divorce before the age of 16?
A) 18 percent
B) 30 percent
C) 38 percent
D) 50 percent
Q4) Even though a national daycare program has been recommended and discussed for over 40 years, it has not appeared. Do you believe that one should be implemented? Why or why not?
Q5) What explains the increasing number of single-person households in Canada?
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Work and Occupations
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116 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the text, which of the following best describes "McDonaldization"?
A) human relations and employee management strategies from the fast-food business
B) the cheapening of the production of mass-produced goods that results in poorer quality
C) an adaptation of Weber's bureaucracy notions that is counterproductive to quality
D) a new form of rationalization based on the organizational template of the fast-food restaurant
Q2) What is Fordism?
A) It is a nonrationalized method of manufacturing, emphasizing worker creativity.
B) It is a nonbureaucratic system of manufacturing and production based on tradition.
C) It is a type of management first used by supervisors in the Ford Motor Company.
D) It is the bureaucratically organized production of goods by the assembly-line method.
Q3) Why are some areas of expertise considered semi-professions instead of professions?
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Chapter 12: Education
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Sample Questions
Q1) Rooted in the ideas of John Dewey, the concept of progressive pedagogy is based on nurturing intrinsic forms of motivation and the engagement of students in the learning process.
A)True
B)False
Q2) According to the text, which of the following is concluded respecting a comparison of males and females in education today?
A) There are higher numbers of men going to university.
B) There are higher numbers of women going to university.
C) Men and women attend university at similar rates.
D) Participation is at 50 percent for both men and women.
Q3) Which of the following is a trend evidenced in the Canadian education system?
A) Canadian educational facilities are increasingly accessible to the underprivileged.
B) Canada's education system is becoming more egalitarian.
C) Canada may be developing a more pronounced hierarchy in education.
D) Canadian postsecondary institutions are falling behind their American counterparts.
Q4) Identify and briefly define the three basic roles of education.
Q5) Describe and explain the ideas underlying human capital theory.
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Chapter 13: Religion
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Sample Questions
Q1) Starting with Émile Durkheim, which of the following statements would most social scientists include in a description of personal religiosity?
A) Personal religiosity is moderately dependent on collective religiosity.
B) Personal religiosity is weakly connected to collective religiosity.
C) Personal religiosity is highly dependent on collective religiosity.
D) Personal religiosity is unrelated to collective religiosity.
Q2) In the Indian state of Orissa live the Dongria, who believe the mountain they live on is their god. The Dongria see the bauxite under their mountain, although threatening to their deity, as only a practical interest of the aluminum company that wants to mine the bauxite. What sociological term best depicts the Dongria view of bauxite?
A) practical
B) sacred
C) mundane
D) profane
Q3) "If I was to personally define religion, I would say that it is a bandage that man has invented to protect a soul made bloody by circumstances" (Theodore Dreiser, 1941). Which theoretical perspective does this quote remind you of? Explain and discuss.
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Deviance and Crime
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Sample Questions
Q1) What demographic factors could be used to explain a decreasing crime rate in Canada?
Q2) What percentage of crime is unearthed through the efforts of police?
A) no more than 5 percent
B) no more than 10 percent
C) no more than 15 percent
D) no more than 20 percent
Q3) A young boy from a poor neighbourhood is being raised by a caring but overwhelmed single mom. Every day he sees her struggle and compares this to the flashy lifestyle of the drug dealers on the street. He turns his back on his mother's values and starts selling drugs. What theory best explains this case?
A) control theory
B) choice theory
C) anomie theory
D) opportunity theory
Q4) Most homicide victims know their killers.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What is the "dark figure of crime" and how does it affect estimates of criminality?
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Chapter 15: Population and Urbanization
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Sample Questions
Q1) What was the name of Canada's first massive suburb, built on (what was then) the northern fringe of Toronto?
A) Scarborough
B) Don Mills
C) York
D) Mississauga
Q2) According to Burgess's model, where do second-generation immigrants typically reside?
A) zone of interstitial transition
B) zone of better residences
C) zone of working-class homes
D) central business district
Q3) According to studies done in the 1950s and 1960s, what characterized the suburban way of life?
A) The suburb was organized around adult activities.
B) The suburb was a cultural wasteland of conformity.
C) Both parents had to work to maintain the lifestyle.
D) Life revolved around a redneck "beer-drinking" culture.
Q4) Apply the basic principles of Chicago School theories of urbanization to the development of a Canadian city.
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Chapter 16: Sociology and the Environment
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Sample Questions
Q1) Alvin was telling his grandson about the oil crisis of 1973: oil prices quadrupling, continuous lineups at gas stations and the Trudeau government beginning the process of creating a national oil company-Petro Canada. What precipitated this chain of events?
A) war between Israel and oil-producing Arab states
B) declining supplies in Alberta's oil fields
C) Canadian oil companies price fixing and price gouging
D) public panic and reaction to the Club of Rome report
Q2) After reading a newspaper article announcing yet another hike in provincial sales taxes, Adam announces to his wife that it is time to move to a province where the citizens are not continuously being forced to bear the brunt of the increasing costs of social programs. What province would Adam want to move to?
A) Newfoundland
B) British Columbia
C) Quebec
D) Alberta
Q3) What is meant by the assertion that environmental concern appears to follow an economic contingency logic? Why might this be?
Q4) What is the polluter pays principle?
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Chapter 17: Health and Aging
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Sample Questions
Q1) Most seniors are lonely and isolated from family and friends.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A politician was heard saying, "We must address the growing number of seniors draining the health-care system. I propose seniors pay 50 percent of their expenses to ensure our resources are available to the younger population as well." According to your text, which of the following situations is reflected in this statement?
A) ageism
B) youth activism
C) apocalyptic demography
D) healthcare crisis
Q3) Discuss how globalization affects health and aging and poses a threat to Canadian health care.
Q4) What is the differential in aging between women and men in Canada?
A) There are more elderly women than there are men.
B) Aging is considered to be primarily an issue for men.
C) There are more elderly men than there are women.
D) The gender differential in aging between men and women is zero.
Q5) Why are physicians considered to be the gatekeepers to our health-care system?
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Chapter 18: Politics and Social Movements
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the frame alignment typology, what happens to individual interests, beliefs, and values in social movements?
A) They either complement the movement or they fail to do so.
B) They correspond to the interests of the movement leaders.
C) They contribute to increased membership in social movements.
D) They do not correspond to the interests of the movement leaders.
Q2) Discuss and give examples of the globalization of social movements. How do globalized social movements differ from movements at earlier periods in history?
Q3) Which approach in sociology would claim that we live in a heterogeneous society with many competing interests and centres of power?
A) economist approach
B) liberal approach
C) elitist approach
D) pluralist approach
Q4) Compare and contrast the positions of instrumentalist Marxists and structuralist Marxists.
Q5) What is the difference between power and authority?
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Chapter 19: Globalization
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Sample Questions
Q1) Top-down globalization describes the actions of groups that criticize the injustices that result from globalization processes.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following is a feature of globalization from below?
A) demands for greater environmental regulations around the globe
B) praise by many groups for the expansion of capitalism into developing countries
C) embracing and accepting any and all forms of globalization
D) capitalist pressure to reduce workers' rights in the global economy
Q3) How have corporations responded to anticorporate criticism?
Q4) What kinds of issues frequently come up in the debates surrounding globalization?
A) ethical
B) cultural
C) political
D) social
Q5) What is meant by the term casino capitalism? What effects does this phenomenon have on economic stability?
Q6) What is the difference between top-down and bottom-up globalization?
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Chapter 20: Research Methods
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to research outlined in the text, which of the following statements concerning the relationship between education, income, and gender is true?
A) Data suggest the effect of education on income for men and women is about the same.
B) Data support the contention that schooling is a spurious variable.
C) There may be a causal link between education and gender income differentials.
D) There is no causal link between education and gender income differentials.
Q2) Which basic methodological research consideration might a black sociologist studying prejudice and discrimination have to be particularly careful to keep in mind, as a researcher and a member of an ethnic minority?
A) temptation to engage in fraud
B) the processes that produce knowledge
C) the required objectivity
D) the method of collecting data
Q3) In survey research, do not assume that the people you interview understand what you are asking.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Write a proposal for a sociological research experiment.
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Chapter 21: Networks, Groups, Bureaucracies, and Societies
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Sample Questions
Q1) One analyst of the 2008 global financial meltdown claimed that the large investment companies had a criminogenic work environment-only a few employees were whistleblowers. How were whistleblowers able to take action?
A) They did not adopt organizational norms.
B) They possessed a guilty conscience.
C) They did not want to go to jail.
D) They possessed good character.
Q2) Who conducted the original research on degrees of separation in social networks?
A) Karl Marx and Frederick Engels
B) Jeffrey Travers and Stanley Milgram
C) Patrick Nolan and Gerhard Lenski
D) Kevin Bacon and Steve Carell
Q3) According to Ferdinand Tönnies, what does a society consist of?
A) relationships connected by self-interest
B) intimate and emotionally intense ties
C) a community of extended families
D) rural local and small villages
Q4) Conformity ensures group cohesion.
A)True
B)False
Page 23
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