Social Institutions
Pre-Test Questions
Course Introduction
This course explores the structure, functions, and significance of major social institutions such as family, education, religion, economy, and government in shaping human behavior and societal organization. Students will examine how these institutions influence individual life choices, perpetuate social norms, and maintain social order, while also analyzing the ways in which they adapt to social change and contribute to social inequality. Through theoretical frameworks and real-world examples, the course encourages critical thinking about the interconnectedness of social institutions and their impact on everyday life.
Recommended Textbook
Marriages and Families 8th Edition by Nijole
V. Benokraitis
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16 Chapters
1122 Verified Questions
1122 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: he Changing Family
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Sample Questions
Q1) Lisa and James volunteer as a host family in a foreign exchange student program at the local university.They provide accommodation, food, and a family environment to an exchange student.They volunteer to experience a new culture and at the same time provide a new cultural experience to the student.The relationship between them and the exchange student exemplifies a(n)________.
A) fictive kinship
B) lineal kinship
C) affiant kinship
D) consanguineal kinship
Answer: A
Q2) Maria's family is Catholic and insists that Maria marry a man who is also from a Catholic family.This practice of marrying within a certain group is referred to as
A) exogamy
B) polygamy
C) bigamy
D) endogamy
Answer: D
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Studying the Family
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Sample Questions
Q1) What are the three golden rules that all ethical standards have regardless of the discipline or research methods used?
Answer: Regardless of the discipline or research methods used, all ethical standards have three golden rules.First, do no harm by causing participants physical, psychological, or emotional pain.Second, the researcher must get the participants' informed consent to be in a study.This includes the participants knowing what the study is about and how the results will be used.Sociologists can use deception (such as not revealing that they are researchers) if doing so doesn't harm the participants, if the research has been approved by an IRB, and if the researcher explains the purpose of the study to participants at the end of the research.Third, researchers must always protect a participant's confidentiality, even if the participant has broken a law that she or he tells the researcher about.
Q2) According to the American Sociological Association, researchers must get a participant's ________ consent.
A) informed
B) confidential
C) hidden
D) "do no harm"
Answer: A
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Page 4
Chapter 3: The Family in Historical Perspective
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sam believes that the 1950s was indeed golden, a time when families flourished and the economy grew.Derek argues that this popular belief is a myth.Which of the following is an accurate statement that strengthens Derek's argument?
A) Consumerism was spread equally across the lower, middle, and upper class.
B) Discrimination against the blacks and other minorities was minimal.
C) Domestic violence and child abuse, although widespread, were invisible.
D) Childcare services were widely available during this period.
Answer: C
Q2) During the 1800s, Mexican women typically worked ________.
A) as miners
B) on the railroads
C) in canning houses
D) in low-level urban occupations
Answer: C
Q3) Which of the following is true of marriage customs of early American Indians?
A) Women usually married after they reached adulthood.
B) Men usually married as soon as they reached puberty.
C) Men and women were not allowed to choose their own partners.
D) Men had to prove their ability to support a family to get married.
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Racial and Ethnic Families: Strengths and Stresses
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Sample Questions
Q1) ________ refers to the conformity of ethnic group members to the culture of the dominant group, including intermarriage.
A) Pluralism
B) Assimilation
C) Acculturation
D) Immigration
Q2) What are the benefits of immigration?
Q3) What reason do American Indian tribal leaders give for the high alcoholism and suicide rates among their youth?
A) the gradual erosion of American Indian culture
B) the oppression imposed on the youth by native cultural practices
C) the remigration of youth back to rural areas
D) the poverty and poor access to services in the reservations
Q4) A(n)________ refers to a set of people who identify with a particular national origin or cultural heritage.
A) dominant group
B) racial group
C) assimilated group
D) ethnic group
6
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Chapter 5: Socialization and Gender Roles
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain gender identity with the help of an example.
Q2) Gary, a manager, offers to take Susan, his manager, out on a date.However, Susan declines his offer, stating that she is married.Despite her refusal to go out with him, Gary constantly asks her out.This scenario is an example of ________.
A) verbal harassment
B) nonverbal harassment
C) physical harassment
D) power harassment
Q3) Kimberly watches her mother vacuum the house and asks for a toy vacuum so that she can also clean the house.According to the social learning theory, Kimberly is learning gender roles through ________.
A) reinforcement
B) imitation
C) modeling
D) maturation
Q4) With the help of examples, illustrate how direct and indirect reinforcement are different.
Q5) Illustrate the cognitive development theory with the help of an example.
Q6) Explain gender stereotypes with the help of examples.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Love and Loving Relationships
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which perspective maintains that love serves the evolutionary purpose of drawing males and females into long-term relationships that are essential to child rearing?
A) biological
B) psychological
C) anthropological
D) sociological
Q2) ________ calm the mind, eliminate pain, and reduce anxiety.
A) Testosterones
B) Estrogens
C) Norepinephrines
D) Endorphins
Q3) Kevin and Delilah share a relationship in which both are equally passionate and intimate with each other.However, their opinions on marriage and long-term commitment vary slightly.According to Sternberg's triangular theory of love, Kevin and Delilah are "________."
A) imperfectly matched
B) severely mismatched
C) closely matched
D) perfectly matched
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Sexuality and Sexual Expression throughout Life
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following transmits HIV?
A) blood donations
B) toilet seats
C) sneezing
D) oral sex
Q2) Which of the following theories suggests that sexual orientation is strongly molded by factors such as the early influence of sex hormones after conception?
A) developmental theories
B) social constructionist theories
C) biological theories
D) cultural theories
Q3) Childbirth and breast milk can pass on HIV, but the most common infections are through ________.
A) coughing
B) sexual activity
C) drug use
D) shared needles
Q4) Explain the concept of homophobia with the help of examples.
Q5) Discuss some indicators of the persistence of the sexual double-standard.
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Chapter 8: Choosing Others: Dating and Mate Selection
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is true of date violence?
A) It tends to occur primarily when youth experience extensive parenting.
B) It is most common among youth who had poor relationships with their parents.
C) Adopting traditional attitudes about gender roles reduces the likelihood of date violence.
D) It is more likely to be undertaken by individuals who did not witness adult violence in their childhood.
Q2) During a debate about dating, Walter states that dating is less complicated among adults than teenagers.However, Juan disagrees and argues that dating is likely to be more complicated among adults.Which of the following statements, if true, is likely to support Juan's view?
A) According to studies, dating after being widowed can be therapeutic for the individual.
B) Research indicates that most teenagers are interested primarily in hooking up and dating for them is not a priority.
C) Adults who have been recently divorced are likely to be bitter toward the opposite sex.
D) Unlike adults, teenagers engage in stayovers that help the couple know each other better.
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10
Chapter 9: Singlehood, Cohabitation, Civil Unions, and Other Options
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Sample Questions
Q1) In which type of cohabitation do two people make a long-term commitment but do not get legally married?
A) accommodation
B) substitute marriage cohabitation
C) dating cohabitation
D) trial marriage cohabitation
Q2) Which of the following is true of "singleton" households?
A) They are clustered around urban areas.
B) They receive extensive financial assistance from their families.
C) They refer to the clustering of single moms in rural western states.
D) They contain at least three single roommates.
Q3) ________ are open to marriage but place a lower priority on searching for mates than on other activities, such as education, career, an active social life, and self-development.
A) Voluntary stable singles
B) Involuntary temporary singles
C) Voluntary temporary singles
D) Involuntary stable singles
Q4) Briefly explain why singles are postponing marriage.
Q5) Explain two areas of conflict that gay and lesbian couples face.
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Chapter 10: Marriage and Communication in Intimate Relationships
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Sample Questions
Q1) Megan is of the opinion that prenuptial agreements (prenups)do not serve any purpose and set a pessimistic tone for a marriage and foster a lot of problems.Which of the following is an accurate statement that weakens Megan's argument?
A) If a contract is executed in a state other than the one in which it was drawn up, the couple will have legal problems enforcing a prenup.
B) People are likely to change over time and the prenups may not reflect the attitude and behaviors of the persons involved.
C) If one partner has considerable assets, a prenup will help make the divorce less complicated.
D) Because men usually are the ones who suffer financially after a divorce, a contract gives them some legal protection.
Q2) In order to predict divorce and understand inadequate parenting, psychological distress, and poor physical health, researchers are likely to measure ________.
A) marital feasibility
B) marital stability
C) marital satisfaction
D) marital longitude
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Page 12
Chapter 11: To Be or Not to Be a Parent: More Choices, More
Constraints
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following causes infertility in men?
A) chemical pollutants
B) endometriosis
C) chlamydia
D) anorexia
Q2) Briefly describe a few benefits of becoming a parent.
Q3) Which of the following is an advantage of open adoptions?
A) Birth parents can maintain privacy while providing some information.
B) Adoptive parents are safe from the interference or co-parenting by birth parents.
C) Adopted children are safe from unstable or emotionally disturbed birth parents.
D) Adopted children are less likely to feel abandoned and can increase their circle of supportive adults.
Q4) Briefly explain preimplantation genetic diagnosis.
Q5) Briefly explain yes-no couples.
Q6) Some social scientists believe that same-sex couples adopt children in order to be socially accepted as parents.However, critics to this theory maintain that both same-sex couples and heterosexual couples adopt for the same reasons.Provide an explanation that justifies the critics' view.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Raising Children: Promises and Pitfalls
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Q1) List out some of the factors that cause fathers to be absent.Discuss briefly its effect on families.
Q2) Which of the following is a characteristic of permissive parents?
A) indulgent
B) punitive
C) demanding
D) indifferent
Q3) How is medicalization beneficial for parents?
A) Children have more free time a week, including unstructured play at home.
B) DSM maladies are likely to be covered by insurance plans or receive special treatment.
C) It helps generate profit for pharmaceutical corporations.
D) Antipsychotic drugs given for behavioral disorders are largely untested.
Q4) According to the cognitive development theory, children learn to discern cause and effect and begin to understand the views of others in the ________ stage.
A) sensorimotor
B) preoperational
C) concrete operational
D) generativity vs.self-absorption
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Chapter 13: The Economy and Family Life
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a characteristic of work?
A) It produces goods, not services.
B) It is limited to physical activities.
C) It consists solely of mental activities.
D) It provides a sense of stability.
Q2) Which of the following is true of deindustrialization?
A) It refers to an increase in manufacturing activities.
B) It is also known as inshoring.
C) It refers to companies spending more on people than on machines.
D) It has been accelerated by globalization.
Q3) Which of the following is an advantage of hiring part-time workers for companies?
A) They help reduce employee turnover rates.
B) They lower costs of health and unemployment insurance for a company.
C) Part-time workers tend to be more committed than full-time workers in a company.
D) Part-time workers are more familiar with the way a company functions.
Q4) Occupational sex segregation is a major factor behind the gender pay gap.Explain.
Q5) Briefly explain some benefits of flextime.
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Domestic Violence and Other Family Health
Issues
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Sample Questions
Q1) Ethan, a social scientist, claims that women are more likely to suffer from depression than men.However, Ryan argues otherwise and states that depression rates among both men and women are similar.Which of the following is an accurate statement that strengthens Ethan's argument?
A) Studies have shown that illicit drug use, which is higher among women than men, is the biggest cause of depression.
B) Studies have shown that anorexia, which mainly affects women, is the biggest cause of depression in the United States.
C) Studies have shown that more women take their own lives at nearly four times the rate of men.
D) Studies have shown that across all age groups, women are more likely than males to often feel depressed.
Q2) Which of the following is true of intimate partner violence and ethnicity?
A) American Indian and Alaska native women have the highest IPV rates in the country.
B) African American women have the highest IPV rates in the country.
C) IPV rates among multiracial women are the lowest in the country.
D) Asian American women have the highest IPV rates in the country.
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Separation, Divorce, Remarriage, and Stepfamilies
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Sample Questions
Q1) A ________ is when neither partner has to establish the guilt or wrongdoing of the other.
A) psychic divorce
B) nullified divorce
C) no-fault divorce
D) voidable divorce
Q2) Which of the following is a micro-level reason for divorce?
A) military service
B) technology
C) extramarital affair
D) the economy
Q3) Which of the following is true of the differences between African Americans and their Asian-American counterparts when it comes to divorce?
A) African-American women have lower divorce rates than Asian Americans.
B) African-Americans are more likely to divorce than Asian-Americans.
C) Older Asian-Americans have higher divorce rates than their African-American counterparts.
D) Educated African-Americans tend to have lower divorce rates than their Asian-American counterparts.
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Chapter 16: Families in Later Life
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Q1) Laura believes that her siblings follow a sporadic style of caregiving.Which of the following statements would strengthen Laura's claim?
A) Her siblings are only ready to help out if it doesn't affect any of their other obligations.
B) Her siblings never make attempts to regularly contact their parents, nor are they available in time of need.
C) Her siblings' caregiving is limited to a predictable once-a-week call to their parents.
D) Her siblings are always ready to step in and help her when she has other obligations.
Q2) ________ is a public retirement pension system administered by the federal government.
A) Public offering
B) Social capital
C) Social security
D) Living wills
Q3) What is life expectancy? Describe how it varies with sex, race-ethnicity, and social class.
Q4) Discuss the various phases of grief.
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