Social Institutions
Exam Questions
Course Introduction
This course provides an in-depth exploration of social institutions, the organized and established systems that shape society's structure and functioning. Students will examine key institutions such as family, education, religion, government, and the economy, analyzing how they influence individual behavior and societal development. The course investigates the historical evolution, roles, and interdependence of these institutions, as well as their impact on issues like inequality, social control, and change. Emphasis is placed on contemporary challenges and the dynamic nature of social institutions in the modern world.
Recommended Textbook
Sociology Your Compass for a New World 3rd Edition by Robert J. Brym
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2957 Verified Questions
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Page 2
Chapter 1: A Sociological Compass
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130 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Brym and Lie,the third level of social organization is called macrostructures.This is the level of society that is comprised of international organizations,patterns of worldwide travel and communication.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) What are values?
Answer: Values are ideas about what is right and wrong.
Q3) ~C.Wright Mills (1959)discusses a "quality of mind" that allows us to understand "what is going on in the world and...what may be happening within" ourselves.Mills calls this view of society and individuals:
A)social solidarity
B)the principle of sociation
C)the sociological imagination
D)dialectical socialism
E)none of these choices
Answer: C
Q4) Define social structures.
Answer: Social structures are stable patterns of social relations.
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Chapter 2: How Sociologists Do Research
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134 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The first step in sociological research is Selecting a Research Method.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) If you wanted to understand the rationalizations and motives that criminals use to understand the meaning and consequences of their actions,which method would you use?
A)observation
B)participant observation
C)statistical analysis
D)surveying
E)experimentation
Answer: B
Q3) Which of the following is usually the first step in the research cycle?
A)selecting a research method
B)reviewing the literature
C)formulating a research question
D)collecting data
E)none of these choices
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Culture
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134 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) "Werkglock" is a German term for ____.
A)work schedule
B)work force
C)work place
D)work clock
E)all of these choices
Answer: D
Q2) Although many hip-hop music artists began their careers as politically rebellious musicians,many of them were more than eager to:
A)stop recording when their messages were accepted by the wider culture
B)embrace new messages as the structure of society became transformed through their music
C)forego politics for commerce
D)all of these choices
E)none of these choices
Answer: C
Q3) High culture is culture consumed mainly by artists and musicians.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 4: Socialization
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Sample Questions
Q1) George Herbert Mead called the impulsive and spontaneous aspect of the self the:
A)id
B)"I"
C)"Me"
D)"You"
E)"Us"
Q2) According to Kohlberg,some adults lack the capacity for advanced moral reasoning.These individuals would be placed in which category?
A)preconventional
B)conventional
C)postconventional
D)formal conventional
E)protoconventional
Q3) What is self-socialization?
Q4) Who are significant others?
Q5) Studies show that children raised in isolation do not develop normally.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Explain the stages of cognitive development.
Q7) Define status.
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Chapter 5: Social Interaction
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Sample Questions
Q1) Over the years from 1600 to the present,emotional investment in children increased due to:
A)improved health conditions
B)falling infant mortality rate
C)women having fewer babies
D)all of these choices
E)none of these choices
Q2) Explain how an investigator might be able to detect deception in body language.
Q3) ____ emphasize the fact that individuals often shape values,norms,roles and statuses to suit them as they interact.
A)Rational exchange theorists
B)Essentialists
C)Symbolic interactionists
D)Functionalists
E)Breakdown theorists
Q4) Compare and contract prescriptive and proscriptive norms,using an example to illustrate your answer.
Q5) Discuss the limitations of rational choice theory,according to Brym and Lie.
Q6) Define domination.
Q7) What is role conflict?
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Chapter 6: Social Collectivities: Groups to Societies
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Sample Questions
Q1) Structures of authority tend to render people:
A)afraid
B)angry
C)willing to protest
D)obedient
E)none of these choices
Q2) Societies are collectivities of interacting people who share ____.
A)a culture and a territory
B)a language and an alphabet
C)a common history
D)similar norms and values
E)common ideas and ideals
Q3) Which of the following is a type of social organization discussed by Max Weber?
A)bureaucratic organization
B)traditional organization
C)charismatic organization
D)all of these choices
E)none of these choices
Q4) Compare and contrast the types of leadership discussed in the text.Which do you consider to be the most effective and why?
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Chapter 7: Deviance and Crime
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Sample Questions
Q1) ____ crime is not reported to the police.
A)almost no
B)some
C)almost all
D)much
E)none of these choices
Q2) ____ is not merely a departure from a statistical average.It implies violating an accepted rule of behavior.
A)conformity
B)informal punishment
C)deviance
D)sociology
E)all of these choices
Q3) Putting more people in prison and imposing tougher penalties for crime increases crime rates.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Deviance is strongly encouraged within criminal subcultures.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Stratification: United States and Global Perspectives
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Sample Questions
Q1) Surveys show that few Americans have trouble placing themselves in the class structure when asked to do so.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following was NOT a policy initiative aimed at the problem of poverty in the United States?
A)the introduction of various social support programs during the Great Depression
B)the "War on Poverty"
C)the reduction of welfare programs in the 1980s
D)the "Death to Poverty Campaign" of the 1990s
E)all of these choices
Q3) New members of the upper-upper class are:
A)still overwhelmingly white
B)overwhelmingly non-Hispanic
C)concentrated in high-tech areas
D)all of these choices
E)none of these choices
Q4) According to Marx,who are the petty bourgeoisie?
Page 10
Q5) Compare and contrast Marx and Weber on social stratification.
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Chapter 9: Globalization, Inequality, and Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Contrast the positive and negative effects that foreign investments can have on postcolonial countries.
Q2) The ____ countries consist of former colonies that are making considerable headway in their attempts to industrialize.
A)peripheral
B)semiperipheral
C)neoliberal
D)colonial
E)transnational
Q3) Beginning around 1500 the armed forces of the world's most powerful countries subdued and then annexed or colonized most of:
A)the rest of the world
B)China
C)Europe
D)Asia
E)South America
Q4) Define glocalization.
Q5) Define regionalization.
Q6) Describe transnational corporations.
11
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Chapter 10: Race and Ethnicity
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Sample
Questions
Q1) Herbert Gans writes about "a nostalgic allegiance to the culture of the immigrant generation or that of the old country; a love for and pride in a tradition that can be felt without having to be incorporated in everyday behavior".He calls this nostalgic attitude toward ethnicity:
A)traditional ethnicity
B)symbolic ethnicity
C)cultural ethnicity
D)social structural ethnicity
E)assimilation
Q2) Who suggested that "it doesn't matter to a racist whether an African American is a professional or a panhandler,a genius or a fool,a saint or a criminal.Where racism is common,racial identities are compulsory and at the forefront of one's self-identity?"
A)Martin Luther King Jr.
B)William Julius Wilson
C)Robert Blauner
D)Robert Park
E)Malcolm X
Q3) Define racism.
Q4) Define a minority group.
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Chapter 11: Sexuality and Gender
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135 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Children are typically ____ about enforcing conventional gender roles.
A)strict
B)conflicted
C)lenient
D)confused
E)none of these choices
Q2) The preference for members of the opposite sex as sexual partners is called:
A)heterosexuality
B)gender
C)sex
D)gender identity
E)gender role
Q3) In the functionalist view,learning the essential features of femininity and masculinity integrates the larger society and allows it to function properly,and promotes:
A)gender role socialization
B)gender role actualization
C)gender role conformity
D)gender role Stalinization
E)gender role recognition
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Sociology of the Body: Disability, Aging, and Death
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compared to other rich countries,the United States is a relatively A)old society
B)young society
C)middle-aged society
D)all of these choices
E)none of these choices
Q2) As a so-called signifier of wealth and prestige in preindustrial societies,people generally favored:
A)muscular female physiques.
B)thin physiques.
C)well-rounded physiques.
D)All of the above.
E)None of the above.
Q3) Venus,as depicted in Greek and Roman sculpture,would be considered ____ in American media today:
A)underweight
B)overweight
C)a perfect figure
D)similar to a Barbie Doll in proportions
E)none of these choices
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Work and the Economy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Nearly all humans lived in nomadic tribes until about ____.
A)100,000 years ago
B)50,000 years ago
C)25,000 years ago
D)10,000 years ago
E)5,000 years ago
Q2) Which of the following are NOT actions taken by governments in maintaining a capitalist economy?
A)create corporations
B)pass laws governing the minimum wage
C)pass laws and regulations on occupational health and safety
D)protect consumers from corporate excess
E)create and maintain an economic infrastructure
Q3) According to Brym and Lie,what makes a job "good" or "bad"?
Q4) Most economic analysts divide the economy into three main sectors.Which of the following is NOT one of these sectors?
A)primary sector
B)basic sector
C)secondary sector
D)tertiary sector
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Politics
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Sample Questions
Q1) Political organizations are utilized by citizens to control the state in modern democracies.Which organization is formed by special interest groups to advise and influence politicians?
A)political parties
B)lobbies
C)political action committees
D)advisory boards
E)Washington think-tanks
Q2) Clawson,Neustadtl,and Scott's research on Political Action Committees (PACs)shows that:
A)unions donate little to political campaigns
B)for the most part,big business is unified in its political views and tends to donate money to the Republican Party
C)the poor donate no money to political campaigns
D)PACs frequently return money from big business rather than using it
Q3) Democracies emerge where middle and working classes lack the power to wrest big political concessions from predemocratic authorities.
A)True
B)False
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Families
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the 1940s and 1950s,much of the American public considered which type of family the most widespread and ideal family form?
A)extended family
B)nuclear family
C)traditional nuclear family
D)global nuclear family
E)postmodern family
Q2) A family composed of a cohabiting man and woman who maintain a socially approved sexual relationship and have at least one child,and in which the wife works in the home without pay and the husband works outside the home for money is called:
A)extended family
B)nuclear family
C)traditional nuclear family
D)global nuclear family
E)postmodern family
Q3) Compare and contrast the divorce,marriage,and total fertility rates.What do they tell us about the American population?
Q4) What is a nuclear family?
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Chapter 16: Religion
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Sample Questions
Q1) By the end of the 1900s,Weber remarked on how the world had turned away from religious authority to science and other forms of rationalism.The world,he wrote,had become:
A)rationalized
B)disenchanted
C)enchanted
D)irrationalized
E)dereligified
Q2) The percentage of Americans who reported that religion is important in their lives fell from 75 per cent in the middle of the 20th century to around 50 per cent at century's end.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which religion is the most widespread in North and South America,Europe,and Oceania?
A)Judaism
B)Christianity
C)Islam
D)Hinduism
E)Buddhism
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Page 18
Chapter 17: Education
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Sample Questions
Q1) Most sociologists think IQ is mainly a reflection of:
A)innate intelligence
B)social standing
C)biological (genetic)endowment
D)All of these choices
E)none of these choices
Q2) Which of the following factors influenced the spread of mass schooling?
A)the Protestant Reformation
B)the democratic revolution
C)the modern state
D)globalization
E)All of the above.
Q3) When a 2000 nationwide poll asked Americans to indicate the areas in which we are spending too little money,the nation's education system came ____.
A)first
B)second
C)third
D)fourth
E)fifth
Q4) What is the purpose of professionalization?
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Chapter 18: The Mass Media
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the interpretive approach to mass media?
Q2) Media convergence is the domination of a mass medium by a single national culture and the undermining of other national cultures.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Age and sex are factors influencing the presentation of characters on
television.While young women tended to play mainly romantic roles:
A)the proportion of villains among women increases with age
B)the tendency for villainy to increase among older men was much weaker than it was among older women
C)villains are most frequently older men
D)a and b
E)none of these choices
Q4) Which is NOT a cause of media growth?
A)the Protestant Reformation
B)democratic movements
C)capitalist industrialization
D)socialist revolutions
E)All of the above are causes of media growth.
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Chapter 19: Health and Medicine
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Sample Questions
Q1) From the 1860s to the 1940s American hospital staffs were obsessed with cleanliness.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Mental disorders do not have obvious organic causes that can be precisely identified.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In the 14th century the Black Death killed ____ of Europe's population:
A)one tenth
B)one seventh
C)one fifth
D)one third
E)one half
Q4) Define the maximum human life span?
Q5) Compare and contrast the health and health care spending of two or three different rich countries.What patterns do we see in health and health care spending in the rich countries?
Q6) What is the placebo effect?
Q7) What is holistic medicine?
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Chapter 20: Population and Urbanization
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Sample Questions
Q1) Malthus was opposed to the use of abortion,infanticide,and prostitution to shape the population.He called them:
A)social checks
B)vices
C)positive checks
D)preventive measures
E)all of these choices
Q2) In the mid-1980s,tens of thousands of people died in Western Sudan even though three million sacks of grain to prevent famine were given to the country.The people died because:
A)Western aid workers failed to listen to the Sudanese people about their basic medical and sanitary needs
B)people lacked clean water
C)people lacked decent sanitation
D)the Sudanese people did not receive vaccinations against various diseases
E)all of these choices
Q3) What social policies can a modern North American country adopt to maintain a stable population size?
Q4) What is the crude death rate?
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Chapter 21: Collective Action and Social Movements
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Sample Questions
Q1) Between 1925 and 2004,union density peaked around:
A)2000
B)1985
C)1965
D)1945
E)1935
Q2) When negotiations and political influence do not advance their interests,workers often try to extract concessions from employers by:
A)cooperating and building good will
B)withholding their labor
C)working even harder
D)organizing into coalitions
E)working more slowly
Q3) Governments can try to lower the frequency and intensity of protest by engaging in:
A)resource mobilization
B)political opportunism
C)social control
D)all of these choices
E)none of these choices
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Page 23
Chapter 22: Technology and the Global Environment
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Sample Questions
Q1) When your computer crashes it is an illustration of:
A)the matrix syndrome
B)technological limitations
C)technological determinism
D)a normal accident
E)a risk society
Q2) Because each species of animal and plant has unique properties,scientists lose those unique properties when the species becomes extinct.This is significant because about a quarter of all prescription drugs include compounds first found in wild organisms.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The United States had fewer than 10,000 research scientists before World War I.Today,it has:
A)less than 10,000 because of the reliance on computers
B)more than a million
C)just over 100,000
D)more than 10 million
Q4) Define normal accidents.
Q5) What is the greenhouse effect?
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