Social Institutions Exam Questions
Course Introduction
This course examines the foundational structures that organize and govern human societies, known as social institutions. Students will explore institutions such as family, education, religion, economy, and government, analyzing their roles in shaping individual behavior, maintaining social order, and influencing cultural norms and values. Through sociological theories and case studies, the course highlights how these institutions interact with each other and adapt to social changes, addressing issues such as social inequality, power dynamics, and institutional reforms in contemporary contexts.
Recommended Textbook
Experience Sociology 3rd Edition by David Croteau
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Chapter 1: Sociology in a Changing World
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Sample Questions
Q1) Max Weber is best known for his work on social solidarity.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Which of the following social thinkers is NOT correctly matched to his or her key work?
A) Marx: The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism
B) W. E. B. Du Bois: The Souls of Black Folk
C) Emile Durkheim: Suicide
D) Jane Addams: Hull House Maps and Papers
Answer: A
Q3) Thinkers like Harriet Martineau and W. E. B. Du Bois were not fully recognized for their contributions to the discipline of sociology in their time.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) A manifest function of crime is the creation of law enforcement jobs.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Page 3
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Chapter 2: Understanding the Research Process
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which term refers to when researchers share how they collected and analyzed their data?
A) methodology
B) transparency
C) lucidity
D) explanation of data
Answer: B
Q2) Heng uses interviews and field research to study how neighborhoods rebuild after natural disasters. What kind of data is he using?
A) quantitative
B) qualitative
C) interpretive
D) peer-process
Answer: B
Q3) How have modern technological advances assisted the research process?
A) Technology has not assisted the research process.
B) Qualitative data are easier to collect and analyze.
C) Both qualitative and quantitative data are easier to collect and analyze.
D) Quantitative data are easier to collect and analyze.
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Culture
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Sample Questions
Q1) Shalom Schwartz and his colleagues identified ten values that are widely shared and similarly understood across cultures.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) How does the statement "We are like fish in water" apply to the concept of culture?
A) Like fish, we rely on a specialized environment in order to survive.
B) Our culture seems natural to us and we take it as a given.
C) Cultural practices have become universal and natural around the world.
D) Many aspects of culture are still foreign to most people.
Answer: B
Q3) For sociologists, culture refers to refinement in the arts and great works of literature.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 4: Social Structure
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Sample Questions
Q1) Iana just bought her parents' restaurant because they wanted to retire. She wants to make some big changes to the restaurant, including making all the employees feel like part of a big family. In other words, she wants to increase the social integration of the group. What would NOT be a good way for her to accomplish this, according to a sociologist interested in social integration?
A) Create clear work routines so new workers can become quickly integrated.
B) Stress common values and goals so people will feel a common sense of purpose.
C) Raise the job criteria tremendously and fire anyone who cannot perform at the new level.
D) Have weekly meetings so workers feel that they are contributing to the new direction of the restaurant.
Q2) Why would functionalists care about the functions the education system fulfills in society?
A) A society's school system represents its religious morals.
B) The functions of schools aid in social stability.
C) Schools are where students learn about sociology and functionalism.
D) Schools are unique because their function within societies never changes.
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Chapter 5: Power
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Sample Questions
Q1) How do sociologists view the categories of race, class, and gender?
A) inherent and inevitable
B) natural and biologically determined
C) unchangeable and perpetual
D) socially constructed
Q2) Television shows and movies disproportionately portray the wealthy in a positive light, often as glamorous, able, and good. In contrast, negative characters are often portrayed as poor, criminal, and morally deficient. This is an example of what type of power the media exert over their audience?
A) informational
B) soft
C) legitimate
D) cultural
Q3) Systems of stratification based on an achieved status typically
A) allow social mobility.
B) prohibit social mobility.
C) disregard achievement.
D) discourage achievement.
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Chapter 6: Socialization
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Sample Questions
Q1) How do genes and the social environment relate to one another?
A) Genes may exist for a certain trait, but how that trait is expressed depends on the social environment.
B) They are completely unrelated to one another.
C) Genes have a much stronger role in determining actions than the social environment does.
D) The social environment is completely responsible for behaviors such as being "outgoing"; genes play no role.
Q2) At what age does living in a long-term care facility or in elder housing become more likely for older Americans?
A) age 60 and older
B) age 70 and older
C) age 75 and older
D) age 85 and older
Q3) What is the hormone that allows mothers to bond with their newborn infants?
A) oxytocin
B) oxycontin
C) dopamine
D) serotonin
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Interaction, Groups, and Organizations
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Sample Questions
Q1) Martin has many social statuses, including being a parent, a son, a husband, and a carpenter. When he was younger, he committed a crime and served some time in prison. Despite all of the things he has accomplished since then, most people still react to Martin primarily as an ex-con. What type of status does being an ex-con represent in Martin's life?
A) social status
B) status set
C) master status
D) social role
Q2) What are stereotypes?
A) distorted and untrue generalizations about groups that overlook individual variation
B) true generalizations about a group of people based on both negative and positive attributes
C) statements regarding the negative attributes of a racial or ethnic group
D) positive generalizations of a particular group, such as a racial or ethnic group
Q3) One example of a dyad is a married couple who are also business partners.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Deviance and Social Control
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is most accurate regarding race and the justice system in the United States?
A) Race is not a factor in the justice system.
B) Whites are more likely to be arrested and punished.
C) Black men are almost six times more likely to be imprisoned than white men.
D) White women are more likely to be imprisoned than Hispanic women.
Q2) Deviance is best defined as which of the following?
A) anything outside of the norm
B) behavior that people disapprove of
C) behavior that does not conform to norms and expectations
D) behavior that is inherently abnormal
Q3) The efforts of disability rights activists to remove the stigma attached to disabilities demonstrate how the definition of normal versus abnormal depends upon
A) the nature of the affliction.
B) cultural definition.
C) how individuals feel.
D) the degree of abnormality.
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Chapter 9: Class and Global Inequality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Kyle spends a majority of his time playing with the other children in the neighborhood. His parents do not arrange or organize his time or activities other than school. They believe that he should be able to live out his childhood without pressures to grow up too fast. Based on Annette Lareau's work, in which social class would Kyle most likely be living?
A) under class
B) middle class
C) working class
D) upper class
Q2) Developed nations, such as the United States and France, have more financial resources and political power than underdeveloped nations such as Chad and India. What term would sociologists use to explain the differences between these nations in terms of their wealth and power?
A) global inequality
B) capital inequality
C) resource analysis
D) power analysis
Q3) The United States has a progressive taxation policy.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Race and Ethnicity
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why did the earliest Chinese immigrants come to the United States?
A) to work on the transcontinental railroad
B) to escape genocide in China
C) to find their fortunes in the California Gold Rush
D) to work on sugar cane plantations
Q2) The term race took on its contemporary connotations in the ________ century.
A) fifteenth
B) sixteenth
C) seventeenth
D) eighteenth
Q3) Under what racial classification are Hispanic people placed?
A) white
B) black
C) Asian
D) They may be classified as any race.
Q4) Which of the following groups is most likely to intermarry?
A) Asians
B) African Americans
C) whites
D) Hispanics
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Gender and Sexuality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Before gender convergence, girls who had premarital sex were often seen as "bad girls."
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following defines sexual identity?
A) how we understand ourselves in terms of our sexuality
B) the attitudes we have concerning different sexual practices
C) the labels we attach to our sexual practices
D) the way others in society understand our attractions
Q3) Brian put a picture of his girlfriend on his office desk where his co-workers can see it. In the picture, his girlfriend is dressed up and wearing a top that shows a generous amount of cleavage. Does his picture constitute sexual harassment?
A) Yes, if a coworker finds it to be too sexual for work.
B) Yes, because the picture is inappropriate for work.
C) No, because it is simply a picture of his girlfriend.
D) No, because he did not intend to offend others by displaying it.
Q4) Gendered interactions are found within social institutions.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Family and Religion
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Sample Questions
Q1) The ethic of reciprocity is also known as
A) karma.
B) enlightenment.
C) the "golden rule."
D) the soul of religion.
Q2) Which of the following is an example of secularization at the macro-level of society?
A) People stop attending services on a weekly basis.
B) Religious groups become more like social movements.
C) Religious doctrine ceases to become the basis of legal rulings.
D) There is a drop in those claiming a religious affiliation.
Q3) Many young people do not claim a religious affiliation and often do not attend church services. On what level is secularization of religion occurring?
A) at the organic level
B) at the meso level
C) at the micro level
D) at the macro level
Q4) College-educated couples are more likely to divorce.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: Education and Work
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Sample Questions
Q1) ________ is the distinctive set of norms that shape daily behavior and interactions on the job.
A) Workplace structure
B) Shopfloor culture
C) Schoolroom culture
D) Organizational environment
Q2) Charter schools are basically private schools.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Why do American companies outsource jobs to other countries?
A) They want to make their products more globally friendly.
B) They want to take advantage of cheaper labor costs in other countries.
C) There are not enough workers in the United States to meet the demand.
D) Labor costs in the United States are too low to generate quality workmanship.
Q4) What would happen if everyone suddenly had a college degree?
A) Advanced degrees would become less necessary.
B) The value of a college education would skyrocket.
C) All people would have white-collar and professional jobs.
D) The value of a college education would plummet.
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Chapter 14: Media and Consumption
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Sample Questions
Q1) In one community, in the past, if a couple needed childcare, neighbors or family members would watch the child to help them out. Today, in this same community, people pay for childcare. This is an example of
A) cultural imperialism.
B) alienation.
C) advertising.
D) commodification.
Q2) A movie featuring a star drinking a popular beverage is what form of advertising?
A) emotional obsolescence
B) captive audience
C) product placement
D) stealth advertising
Q3) What is commodification?
A) the process of transforming all things into products that can be bought and sold
B) the act of buying products that were previously unavailable
C) the process of looking past the monetary worth of products and services to see their intrinsic value
D) taking products from one country and exporting them across the world
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Chapter 15: Communities, the Environment, and Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which type of society produces the least economic inequality?
A) modern society
B) nomadic society
C) agrarian society
D) preindustrial society
Q2) The individualized approach to environmental threats has ________ environmental problems.
A) alleviated most
B) solved some
C) contributed to more
D) had no impact on
Q3) ________ is typically found in small, traditional, rural communities.
A) Gemeinschaft
B) Verstehen
C) Gesellschaft
D) Wissenschaft
Q4) Human ecologists liken the city processes of growth and decline to the natural patterns of life.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 16: Politics and the Economy
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Sample Questions
Q1) The middle class receives a more positive political socialization than the working class, making middle-class individuals more likely to participate in political life.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which theory argues that political power is fragmented among different competing groups?
A) power fragmentation theory
B) power elite theory
C) pluralist theory
D) class domination theory
Q3) How does the United Nations define "human security"?
A) protection of individuals from violence
B) protections of the environment
C) protection of human life
D) protection of basic human rights and freedoms
Q4) Politics does not impact personal or private issues.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 17: Social Change: Globalization, Population, and Social Movements
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Q1) The infant mortality rate is the number of babies who die within one week of birth (per 1,000 live births).
A)True
B)False
Q2) Not all countries experience the same population trends. Great differences exist among countries in population growth, infant mortality rates, average lifespan, etc. This inequality is called
A) the population pyramid.
B) population disparity.
C) biometric discrepancy.
D) the demographic divide.
Q3) Which economic philosophy promotes markets, deregulation, privatization, and reduced government social expenditures?
A) the Austrian school
B) Keynesian economics
C) neoliberalism
D) libertarianism
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