Social Institutions
Exam Materials
Course Introduction
This course examines the fundamental structures that organize society, known as social institutions, such as family, education, religion, government, and the economy. Students will explore the origins, functions, and interrelations of these institutions, analyzing how they shape individual behavior and collective life. The course also addresses how social institutions influence socialization, maintain social order, and contribute to both stability and change within societies. Through case studies and theoretical discussions, students will gain insight into the diverse forms and impacts of social institutions across different cultural and historical contexts.
Recommended Textbook
Essentials of Sociology 4th Edition by Anthony Giddens
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16 Chapters
1239 Verified Questions
1239 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Sociology: Theory and Method
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75 Verified Questions
75 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) __________ refers to how human societies are reconstructed at every moment by the very "building blocks" that compose them-human beings.
A)Evolutionary biology
B)Structuration
C)Social ecology
D)Dramaturgy
E)Metatheory
Answer: B
Q2) Karl Marx thought that society:
A)was a fully functioning grouping of social equals
B)was primarily divided by social class
C)had reached its historical apex
D)was a reflection of the mind of God
E)could never progress forward
Answer: B
Q3) Sociology studies contemporary society and,therefore,does not involve historical research.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 2: Culture and Society
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75 Verified Questions
75 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Medina is looking at the historical period in which smaller groupings of humans developed into much larger societies,often ruled by kings,queens,and emperors with the creation of cities and increasing inequality.She is studying the birth of what most sociologists call:
A)currency
B)religion
C)spirituality
D)art
E)civilization
Answer: E
Q2) __________ might be defined as judging other cultures in terms of the standards of one's own.
A)Multiculturalism
B)Ethnocentrism
C)Apoliticism
D)Assimilation
E)Cultural relativism
Answer: B
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Socialization, the Life Course, and Aging
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82 Verified Questions
82 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The process of self-consciousness,in which we create and re-create who we are is known as:
A)social identity
B)self-identity
C)the "I"
D)the "me"
E)socialization
Answer: A
Q2) According to George Herbert Mead,the socialization process occurs in three stages: the "I" stage,the __________ stage,and the generalized other stage.
A)"me"
B)othering
C)self-consciousness
D)ego
E)social self
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: Social Interaction and Everyday Life in the Age
of the Internet
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74 Verified Questions
74 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Unfocused interaction is when people:
A)ignore each other completely in a small space
B)exhibit mutual awareness but do not engage in face-to-face interaction
C)demonstrate how they perceive others through body language
D)communicate over email or text message
E)are engaged in conversation but are not really paying attention to each other
Q2) In modern societies large-scale social institutions are organized by __________,which allows for the precise timing of activities.
A)clock-time
B)managers
C)time maximization
D)time-rules
E)the Internet
Q3) Harold Garfinkel founded the field of __________,the study of micro interaction.
A)language studies
B)ethnomethodology
C)symbolic studies
D)communications
E)micro studies
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Chapter 5: Groups, Networks, and Organizations
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75 Verified Questions
75 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is true regarding large groups?
A)Relationships in the group are more intense.
B)They tend to be informal.
C)They are unstable.
D)They tend to be more exclusive.
E)They tend to be inclusive.
Q2) Which of the following is an example of a primary group?
A)a professor and the president of the university
B)a bus driver and passenger
C)a tutor and her student
D)three best friends in high school
E)two stepbrothers that rarely speak
Q3) The imbalance of gender roles in organizations demonstrates that modern organizations have:
A)encouraged women to stay home
B)found men to be better at following written rules and procedures
C)have developed in a gendered way
D)found maternity to be too expensive
E)had a difficult time recruiting women
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Conformity, Deviance, and Crime
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75 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) __________ are norms defined by governments as principles that their citizens must follow; a __________ is any type of behavior that violates these norms.
A)Laws; crime
B)Informal codes; breach
C)Taboos; sin
D)Guidelines; deviation
E)Negative reinforcements; positive reinforcement
Q2) What did the Heaven's Gate cult and the computer hacker community have in common?
A)Both are religious groups.
B)Both groups believed that the end of the world is near.
C)Both groups struggled financially.
D)Both groups restricted their membership to men.
E)Both groups are considered deviant subcultures.
Q3) Compare the Uniform Crime Reports (UCR)with victimization surveys such as the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS).Which method gives a better indication of the level of crime in the United States?
Q4) Discuss the ways in which deviance is functional.Give examples.
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Stratification, Class, and Inequality
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93 Verified Questions
93 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In an industrialized society,which term is most often used to analyze stratification?
A)occupation
B)slavery
C)class
D)caste
E)status
Q2) Who among the following is most likely to experience intergenerational mobility?
A)the child of a high school teacher
B)the child of two university professors
C)the child of the CEO of a large corporation
D)the child of a school janitor
E)the child of a university groundskeeper
Q3) While the average income of __________ households has been increasing,that of __________ households has been declining in the last decade.
A)black and Latino; white
B)lower class; middle class
C)white; black and Latino
D)Latino; black
E)black; Latino
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Global Inequality
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75 Verified Questions
75 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The process whereby Western nations established their rule in parts of the world away from their home territories is called:
A)socialism
B)Manifest Destiny
C)colonialism
D)Southern hegemony
E)internal development
Q2) Neoliberalism asserts that:
A)free-market forces, achieved by minimizing governmental restrictions on business, provide the only route to economic growth
B)economic development can only occur if accompanied by liberal social values, such as securing a woman's right to abortion and supporting same-sex marriage
C)state involvement in the economy should be relatively high, even at times running entire industries
D)social democratic programs, such as generous welfare policies and free education provided by the state, are the bedrock of economic growth
E)development depends on retaining highly democratic, cooperative industries
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Gender Inequality
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75 Verified Questions
75 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A political office is more likely to be considered "man's work," the:
A)more time the politician spends in the spotlight
B)more often it is held by a Democrat
C)farther from home the political office
D)closer to home the political office
E)fewer people a politician has on staff
Q2) Which of the following is an example of quid pro quo sexual harassment?
A)sexual language
B)lewd posters
C)sexual advances that make a worker so uncomfortable that it is difficult for her to do her job
D)when a supervisor demands sexual acts from a worker as a job condition
E)none of the above; quid pro quo is not a type of sexual harassment
Q3) About __________ of those who are moved across borders as part of the worldwide sex trade are under age eighteen.
A)10 percent
B)30 percent
C)50 percent
D)70 percent
E)90 percent
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Chapter 10: Ethnicity and Race
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75 Verified Questions
75 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Dispersal of an ethnic population from an original homeland into foreign areas,often in a forced way or under traumatic circumstances,is known as:
A)immigration
B)emigration
C)diaspora
D)assimilation
E)pluralism
Q2) Which of the following statements concerning the Civil War is NOT true?
A)The Civil War led to the formal abolition of slavery.
B)Most Northern leaders were more interested in abolishing slavery than sustaining the Union.
C)After the Civil War, the real conditions of life for African Americans in the South changed relatively little.
D)Following the Civil War, the "black codes"-laws limiting the rights of blacks-placed restrictions on the behavior of the former slaves and punished their transgressions in much the same way as under slavery.
E)Following the Civil War, acts were passed legalizing segregation of blacks from whites in public places.
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12
Chapter 11: Families and Intimate Relationships
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75 Verified Questions
75 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) For young people,how does a cohabiting relationship usually begin?
A)Most young people who live together decided do so after becoming engaged.
B)Most young people decide to move in together after calculated planning.
C)Most young people come to live together by drifting into it.
D)Most young people start living together after one person is forced out of a parent's house.
E)Most young people started living together after saving enough money to get married.
Q2) Which group has a strong commitment to family interdependence,family and friend networks that help members financially,and higher median incomes than non-Hispanic whites?
A)Asian Americans
B)Native Americans
C)Mexican Americans
D)Puerto Rican Americans
E)African Americans
Q3) According to Andrew Cherlin,what are the effects of divorce on children?
Q4) Describe the trend toward later marriages.What factors account for the trend toward later marriages in the United States in recent decades?
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Education and Religion
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Sample Questions
Q1) The term religious economy refers to:
A)the global political economy of the Catholic Church
B)a theoretical framework within the sociology of religion that argues that religions can be fruitfully understood as organizations in competition with one another for followers
C)a set of sociological theories focusing on the role that economics plays in the development of world religions
D)the ways that religious institutions collect money, often through charity and tithes
E)Western religions that create multimillion-dollar mega-churches
Q2) __________ is one of the oldest human institutions.
A)School
B)The nation-state
C)Large-scale private property
D)Taxation
E)Religion
Q3) What are some theories for why schooling has developed as it has in modern society?
Q4) What are some of the reasons there are many illiterate people in the developing world?
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Chapter 13: Politics and Economic Life
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75 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the theory of alienation,how does the division of labor alienate human beings from their work?
A)by forcing many immigrant workers to become illegal aliens in other countries and to work without the basic protections offered to documented workers
B)by dividing workers into separate industries and thus disallowing them from uniting in common causes
C)by separating workers on the basis of racial, economic, and social differences into ghettos far from their places of work
D)by giving workers little control over their jobs and no influence over how or to whom their products are sold
E)by forcing workers to divide their labor between several jobs instead of allowing them to work at one job
Q2) Compare and contrast pluralist theories of modern democracy and the power elite model.
Q3) Compare and contrast old- and new-style terrorism.
Q4) According to the text,why is voter turnout so low in the United States?
Q5) How are power and authority different according to the text?
Q6) Explain the three different forms of democracy.
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Chapter 14: The Sociology of the Body: Health, Illness, and Sexuality
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75 Verified Questions
75 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Phil was a woman and became a man.According to sociologists,Phil is:
A)a bisexual
B)a transvestite man
C)a transvestite woman
D)a transsexual man
E)a transsexual woman
Q2) Paul has an enlarged prostate and is thus forced to go to the bathroom frequently.He is embarrassed by his condition and avoids telling others about his illness.When he goes out with his friends to dine and is asked why he leaves the table so often,he tells others that he is calling home to check on the children.What type of work,as defined by Corbin and Strauss,is Paul incorporating?
A)illness work
B)coping work
C)everyday work
D)adapting work
E)biographical work
Q3) Describe the mainstream gay and lesbian rights movement of today.
Q4) Why are infectious diseases more common in developing nations than in the United States today?
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Urbanization, Population, and the Environment
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87 Verified Questions
87 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) As of 2011,the United States had refused to ratify the Kyoto treaty to reduce greenhouse gas emissions,even though the United States is the second-largest contributor of greenhouse gases.Which county contributes the most?
A)Russia
B)Italy
C)Japan
D)China
E)Germany
Q2) Describe the process of suburbanization as it has occurred in the United States and explain the role of the U.S.government in shaping the process and the outcomes/problems of suburbanization.
Q3) In most ancient cities:
A)the elite and ruling class generally lived in the city center
B)the central area was primarily a religious and political district
C)an outer wall offered both military defense and separation from the countryside
D)all of the above
E)none of the above
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Chapter 16: Globalization in a Changing World
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78 Verified Questions
78 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Your textbook defines social change as:
A)the transformation of the physical world
B)the increase in protests around the world
C)the transformation of social institutions and culture of a society over time
D)social order in social institutions
E)social transformations caused by natural forces
Q2) Alain Touraine's concept of "historicity" in reference to social movements means:
A)one must understand the past of urban areas to understand the present
B)there are more social movements in the modern world because individuals and groups know that social activism can be used to achieve social goals and to reshape society
C)social movements are generally furthered by people whose emotions are totally out of control
D)all of the above
E)none of the above
Q3) According to postmodernists,there is "no such thing as history." What do they mean by this statement? Do you agree or disagree with their view of globalization?
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