Social Influence and Conformity
Exam Solutions
Course Introduction
This course explores the psychological mechanisms and theories underlying social influence and conformity, examining how individuals attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors are shaped by the presence and actions of others. Topics include classic and contemporary research on obedience, compliance, group dynamics, minority influence, and the effects of authority and peer pressure. Through analysis of case studies, experiments, and real-world applications, students will develop a critical understanding of how social forces impact decision-making, promote or hinder change, and contribute to both positive and negative outcomes within societies.
Recommended Textbook
THINK Social Psychology 1st Canadian Edition by Kimberley Duff
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13 Chapters
1232 Verified Questions
1232 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: What Is Social Psychology
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96 Verified Questions
96 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Serena always plays her violin better in front of an audience than during her practice sessions. Identify and define this phenomenon.
Answer: The phenomenon described is known as performance anxiety or stage fright. This is when a person experiences increased stress and nervousness when performing in front of an audience, compared to when they are practicing alone. This can lead to a decrease in performance quality and confidence during the actual performance. It is a common experience for many performers and can be managed through various techniques such as deep breathing, visualization, and positive self-talk.
Q2) What is argued to be a key theory to many of social psychology's core concepts?
A) Social loafing theory
B) The theory of natural selection
C) Social facilitation theory
D) Social learning theory
Answer: D
Q3) A social psychologist's main focus is on group behaviour at the societal level.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 2: The Science of Social Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Gender and level of self-esteem can be considered examples of ______________.
A) hypotheses
B) research questions
C) theories
D) variables
Answer: D
Q2) An experimenter who decides not to tell participants whether they are receiving a treatment pill or a sugar pill is conducting a double-blind study.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) A researcher who wants to know whether drinking caffeine causes increased energy would be most likely to conduct what type of study?
A) An archival study
B) An experimental study
C) A correlational study
D) An observational study
Answer: B
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Social Cognition
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99 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Your textbook indicates that patients who have damage to the prefrontal cortex show difficulty with ___________.
A) automatic processing
B) controlled processing
C) walking
D) writing
Answer: B
Q2) Automatic processing is considered ____________, while controlled processing is considered ____________.
A) tiring; easy
B) hard; easy
C) effortless; effortful
D) effortful; effortless
Answer: C
Q3) A prediction that causes itself to become true is known as selective filtering.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) Define schema and provide an example.
Answer: not answered
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Chapter 4: The Self
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which theory argues that we compare ourselves to others in different situations because there is no given standard against which to measure our abilities and opinions?
A) Self-discrepancy theory
B) Self-verification theory
C) Social comparison theory
D) Group comparison theory
Q2) CORFing is a way of controlling others' impressions of us through flattery.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following factors appears to be important for motivating people to change their behaviour to match personal standards?
A) High self-esteem
B) Low self-esteem
C) High self-awareness
D) Low self-awareness
Q4) Briefly compare and contrast the influence of social evaluations (i.e., feedback that is accepting or rejecting) on self-esteem across genders.
Q5) Briefly define self-perception theory.
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Chapter 5: Social Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) You would predict that Brendon, an Internet user, would be more likely to be lying if he was using more words and more third-person pronouns in his correspondence with others.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Denis believes that Dirk is an honest person, despite the fact the Denis know Dirk has lied about multiple things. Which of the following does this exemplify?
A) Belief perseverance
B) Social hypothesis testing
C) Correspondence bias
D) Self-fulfilling prophecy
Q3) According to your textbook, cultural differences in how behaviour is explained seem to increase with _______.
A) income
B) age
C) self-awareness
D) education
Q4) Why are nonverbal cues important for understanding other people's thoughts and behaviours?
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Chapter 6: Attitudes
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Sample Questions
Q1) During her childhood, Holly sees that her mother disapproves of same-sex marriages. Through watching her mother, Holly ends up adopting a similar viewpoint. This could be considered an example of what type of learning?
A) Observational learning
B) Operant conditioning
C) Classical conditioning
D) Observational learning, operant learning, and classical learning
Q2) Jane tries on a new pair of shoes and thinks that they look just 'ok.' Jane finds that after going back to the store and trying the shoes on again that she really likes the way they look on her. Jane's increased liking can be explained by which of the following?
A) The name-letter effect
B) Mere exposure effect
C) Operant conditioning
D) Observational learning
Q3) Affect is one main component of an attitude.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Briefly describe two ways in which attitudes can be assessed.
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8
Chapter 7: The Power of Persuasion
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT one of Cialdini's "weapons of influence"?
A) Liking
B) Social proof
C) Classification
D) Commitment and consistency
Q2) According to your textbook, __________ are less capable of employing resistance tactics like inoculation.
A) middle-aged adults
B) young adults
C) women
D) children
Q3) Changing the likeability, attractiveness, and credibility of the source are all methods that involve:
A) the peripheral route to persuasion.
B) the central route to persuasion.
C) the sleeper effect.
D) deception.
Q4) Complex and convoluted arguments lead to greater central processing.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Social Influence
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87 Verified Questions
87 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The __________ is when an initial request is followed by adding something that makes the offer more attractive.
A) door-in-the-face technique
B) foot-in-the-door technique
C) lowball technique
D) that's-not-all technique
Q2) Jerry Burger, who replicated Milgram's experiments on obedience, found that:
A) participants showed much higher levels of obedience than demonstrated in Milgram's work.
B) participants showed slightly higher levels of obedience than demonstrated in Milgram's work.
C) participants showed the exact same levels of obedience as in Milgram's work.
D) participants showed slightly lower levels of obedience than demonstrated in Milgram's work.
Q3) Define the concept of social norms. How did Muzafer Sherif's study illustrate the impact of social norms on people's beliefs?
Q4) Social validation only explains conformity to positive behaviours.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: The Power of the Group
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Sample Questions
Q1) If you wanted to be part of the best performing group at your company, you would likely want what type of leader to run your office?
A) A transactional leader
B) An authoritarian leader
C) A transformational leader
D) A totalitarian leader
Q2) Which of the following is true concerning groups?
A) All group members will be highly cohesive.
B) Each and every group membership is life-long.
C) It is always the case that group members know each other.
D) Highly distinguishable groups are often stereotyped.
Q3) Researchers have found that people tend to view _______ as more effective leaders than _______.
A) men; women
B) younger men; older men
C) women; men
D) younger women; younger men
Q4) What is group polarization? Provide a real-world example. Be sure to describe the two causes of group polarization.
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Chapter 10: Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination
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Sample Questions
Q1) What appears to be one consequence of threatening a person's self-esteem?
A) It leads to increased understanding between members of different groups.
B) It decreases the tendency to stereotype.
C) It decreases the tendency to display prejudice.
D) It increases the tendency to stereotype.
Q2) June was born in Canada and is white. At age three she was adopted and raised by an Asian family in Korea. According to your textbook, which faces would June best recognize?
A) White faces
B) Asian faces
C) Black faces
D) Hispanic faces
Q3) Based on research presented in your textbook, which of the following people would you predict would be LEAST likely to exhibit racial bias?
A) Very young children
B) Black children
C) Children with Williams Syndrome
D) The elderly
Q4) Distinguish between prejudice and discrimination.
Q5) How does mood affect the use of stereotypes?
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Chapter 11: Aggression
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Sample Questions
Q1) One study found that __________ were more likely than__________ to respond with aggression and show physical signs of distress when their honour was challenged by insults.
A) older people; younger people
B) women; men
C) Northerners; Southerners
D) Southerners; Northerners
Q2) The frustration aggression theory suggests that frustration ________ aggression. A) precedes
B) replaces
C) follows
D) impedes
Q3) You are aggravated because you are late to meet your friends at the movies and cannot find the keys to your car. This illustrates: A) aggression.
B) frustration.
C) relative deprivation.
D) disappointment aggression theory.
Q4) Briefly name and describe two strategies for reducing aggression.
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Chapter 12: Attraction and Close Relationships
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Sample Questions
Q1) The 'what is beautiful is good' stereotype would lead us to assume that because an individual is attractive he is also:
A) competitive.
B) successful.
C) ruthless.
D) power-hungry.
Q2) Describe John Gottman's (1994) four relationship conflict styles.
Q3) Julie is fearful of flying and on her trip to Florida finds herself sitting next to a handsome stranger. They strike up a conversation during take-off and exchange numbers when they land. Julie feels very attracted to her new acquaintance and hopes he will call her soon. According to the excitation transfer hypothesis, Julie's attraction could be a function of which of the following?
A) The excitement she feels from meeting someone new
B) The increase in oxytocin which transfers her feelings of attraction to the handsome stranger
C) The happiness she feels from spending time with someone who is attractive
D) The transfer of physiological arousal she feels from her fear of flying to the handsome stranger
Q4) What is reciprocity and how does it relate to attraction and liking?
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Chapter 13: Prosocial Behaviour
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Sample Questions
Q1) The saying "you scratch my back and I'll scratch yours" most aptly characterizes the:
A) social consciousness norm.
B) social responsibility norm.
C) reciprocity norm.
D) social relationship norm.
Q2) People always welcome help from others.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Based on information presented in your textbook, if you were trapped in a burning building, who might be most likely to come to your aid?
A) A man
B) An elderly person
C) A woman
D) A low self-monitor
Q4) A good way for Sarah to increase her son's prosocial behaviour is to engage in lots of volunteer opportunities to act as a model for how one should behave towards others.
A)True
B)False
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Page 15