Social Influence and Attitudes Exam Preparation Guide
Course Introduction
This course explores the psychological principles underlying social influence and the formation, maintenance, and change of attitudes. Students will examine classic and contemporary theories of persuasion, conformity, compliance, and obedience, as well as the factors that shape individual and group opinions. Through the analysis of empirical research and case studies, the course highlights the mechanisms by which attitudes influence behavior, the impact of social and cultural contexts, and applications in real-world settings such as marketing, politics, and health communication.
Recommended Textbook
THINK Social Psychology 2012 Edition 1st Edition by Kimberley J. Duff
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13 Chapters
1240 Verified Questions
1240 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: What is Social Psychology
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97 Verified Questions
97 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues (SPSSI)was created primarily to focus research efforts on basic cognitive and social processes.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) ______________ is a perspective that focuses on the physical and biological predispositions that result in human survival.
A) Sociocultural perspective
B) Evolutionary perspective
C) Social learning perspective
D) Social cognitive perspective
Answer: B
Q3) _____________ is the process through which individuals form impressions of others and interpret information about them.
A) Social interaction
B) Social perception
C) Social influence
D) Social awareness
Answer: B
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Page 3
Chapter 2: The Science of Social Psychology
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94 Verified Questions
94 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A researcher gives half of her participants a new anti-anxiety pill and the other half a placebo pill.She does not tell participants whether they have received an active treatment pill or a sugar pill.This is an example of what type of study?
A) a prospective study
B) a single-blind study
C) a double-blind study
D) a observational study
Answer: B
Q2) Daniel cheated on his college history exam and believes that,like himself,almost every student cheats on an exam at least once or twice.Assuming he is incorrect,Daniel's tendency to overestimate the extent to which others cheat is known as
A) Hindsight bias
B) The false consensus effect
C) The 'I knew it all along' phenomenon
D) The overestimation effect
Answer: B
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Chapter 3: Social Cognition: Thinking About the Social World
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100 Verified Questions
100 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe a situation that illustrates the negativity bias.
Answer: One situation that illustrates the negativity bias is when a person receives multiple compliments and positive feedback, but focuses solely on one piece of criticism or negative comment. Despite the overwhelming positivity, the individual fixates on the one negative aspect, allowing it to overshadow all the positive feedback they received. This demonstrates the tendency for negative information to have a greater impact on our thoughts and emotions compared to positive information, which is a key characteristic of the negativity bias.
Q2) A researcher activates a schema about professors by subliminally. flashing words such as 'absentminded' and 'scatterbrained.'In other words,she has primed the schema for professor.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Once they are formed,schemas are easy to change.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 4: Who Am I and How Do Other Individuals See Me?
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115 Verified Questions
115 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) One way people cope with failure is to blame external factors for a. negative event.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following concepts explains why sports fans might be more likely to wear clothing supporting their favorite team after a big win instead of after a big loss?
A) CORFing
B) ingratiation
C) BIRGing
D) Upward social comparison
Q3) The expression "the squeaky wheel gets the grease" is associated with which of the following concepts?
A) individualism
B) Western ideology
C) collectivism
D) introspection
Q4) The twenty statements test (TST)is a measure of self-efficacy.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Social Perception: How Do We Perceive Others?
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98 Verified Questions
98 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) If a person always responds in the same way to a stimulus across all contexts,then what type of attribution will likely be made?
A) A dispositional attribution.
B) An external attribution.
C) An extrinsic attribution.
D) There is no way to know what type of attribution will be made.
Q2) You believe that people who steal are self-interested and dishonest.What type of attribution are you making to explain their behavior?
A) a situational attribution
B) a dispositional attribution
C) an extrinsic attribution
D) an external attribution
Q3) You believe that people who steal may be forced into this behavior because they live in poverty and don't have enough resources.What type of attribution are you making to explain their behavior?
A) a dispositional attribution
B) a situational attribution
C) an intrinsic attribution
D) an internal attribution
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Chapter 6: Attitudes: Making Evaluations About the World
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97 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Researchers have found that optimistic attitudes predict:
A) decreased life expectancy.
B) decreased immune functioning.
C) increased immune functioning.
D) decreased life expectancy and decreased immune functioning
Q2) Attitudes,social norms,and perceived behavioral control comprise. components of self-affirmation theory.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Although research by LaPiere (1934)demonstrated that attitudes were not very predicative of behavior,what was described as one important flaw of his study?
A) It is not clear whether the people who answered LaPiere's questions were the same people who served the Chinese couple.
B) The sample size was very small.
C) The samples size was too big.
D) The self-report questionnaire measuring attitudes was not well designed.
Q4) How can observational learning affect the formation of attitudes? Provide an example.
Q5) What is the name-letter effect? What impact might this effect have on your life?
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Chapter 7: The Art and Science of Persuasion
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Sample Questions
Q1) The concept of psychological reactance would suggest that parents who want to prevent drug use among their children should probably AVOID which of the following strategies?
A) Modeling appropriate behavior for their children
B) Exposing children to similar others who live a drug free life
C) Developing quality arguments against the use of drugs
D) Forbidding children to use drugs under any circumstances
Q2) One counterintuitive finding in the study of persuasion suggests that:
A) when processing through the central route we may be persuaded by strong arguments.
B) ability and motivation are needed for central route processing.
C) when processing through the peripheral route we may be persuaded by the attractiveness of the source.
D) when processing through the peripheral route we may be persuaded by weak arguments if the message is presented in an attractive manner.
Q3) Distinguish between peripheral route processing and central route processing.What determines whether people are likely to process information through the central route compared with the peripheral route? Describe at least two important factors that help determine the route people take.
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Social Influence: Should We Resist?
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88 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Based on Milgram's work showing the effect of proximity on obedience,it would be harder for John to obey an order to kill another individual under which of the following conditions?
A) When the authority figure is far away from John.
B) When John is shooting at the individual from a great distance.
C) When John has to use his bare hands to kill the individual.
D) When the authority figure is wearing a military uniform.
Q2) An individual holding a minority opinion will be more persuasive to the extent he or she is firm and consistent in his or her beliefs.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Social impact theory suggests that you will be more influenced by someone who is:
A) of the same status.
B) of lower status.
C) of higher status.
D) of the same intelligence level.
Q4) Name one factor that makes it easier to resist the pull of conformity.Describe how and why this factor impacts one's ability to go against the majority.
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Page 10
Chapter 9: The Power of the Group
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Sample Questions
Q1) Michael is the manager of a paper company who views the salespeople in his office as subordinates that need to obey his instructions.Michael is an example of a ________ leader.
A) transactional
B) authoritarian
C) transformational
D) totalitarian
Q2) In their work,both Norman Triplett and Max Ringlemann found that the presence of others increased performance.
A)True
B)False
Q3) According to the social identity deindividuation (SIDE)model,why does the phenomenon of deindividuation occur?
A) Because there is a loss of identity.
B) Because there is a loss of self awareness.
C) Because there is increased arousal.
D) Because there is a shift from identification with oneself to identification with the group.
Q4) How can groupthink be prevented? Name and describe 3 solutions to groupthink.
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Chapter 10: Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination:
Causes and Consequences
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Sample Questions
Q1) ___________ refers to a behavior directed toward a group of people based solely on their membership in that group.
A) racism
B) prejudice
C) discrimination
D) sexism
Q2) One consequence of social categorization is the natural tendency for people to then favor the ingroup over the outgroup.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following would NOT be considered a source of stereotypes and prejudice?
A) social learning
B) social categorization
C) competition for scarce resources
D) increasing contact between members of different groups
Q4) How does mood affect the use of stereotypes?
Q5) People may identify with a group based on very superficial similarities. A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: Aggression
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Sample Questions
Q1) Honor killings are often committed against women and perpetrated by a male relative.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Describe the General Aggression Model (GAM).What are the two major input variables that are argued to trigger events that may lead to aggression?
Q3) In Schacter and Singer's (1962)classic study,participants were injected with adrenaline or saline and then exposed to either an angry or a euphoric confederate.Of those who received the adrenaline shot,some were told to expect the side effects,some were misinformed about the side effects,and others were told nothing about potential side effects.Participants who expected the injection to make them feel __________ became __________ when placed with the happy confederate.
A) aroused; angry
B) aroused; happy
C) no side effects; happy
D) no side effects; angry
Q4) Females are more likely than males to be targets of aggression.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Examining Attraction and Close Relationships
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90 Verified Questions
90 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why are friendships and relationships important for social and physical health and well-being? Provide at least two reasons.
Q2) Phil,who doesn't think much of himself and doesn't trust easily,has a preoccupied attachment style.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The relationship between an employer and employee is best described as a(n):
A) private relationship.
B) personal relationship.
C) communal relationship.
D) exchange relationship.
Q4) The triangular theory of love was developed by which of the following psychologists?
A) John Bowlby
B) Robert Stemberg
C) John Gottman
D) Mary Ainsworth
Q5) Distinguish between exchange and communal relationships.Who in your life are you more likely to have exchange relationships with over communal relationships?
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Chapter 13: Prosocial Behavior: Why We Help and Why We
Dont
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95 Verified Questions
95 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a possible explanation for why blood donations increased dramatically following the September 11th attacks?
A) People helped out genuine empathy.
B) People helped to reaffirm their commitment to their values.
C) People helped because it soothed the trauma they were experiencing.
D) All of the answers mentioned are possible explanations for why the blood donations increased.
Q2) Research has shown that people will help under which of the following circumstances?
A) If helping will increase recognition from others.
B) If helping will bring them rewards like money.
C) If helping will improve their mood.
D) Research has shown that people will help for increased recognition, rewards, and improved mood.
Q3) Define prosocial behavior.Provide an example.
Q4) Describe what someone with an altruistic personality would be like.Provide a real-world example of an individual you think has this personality type and explain why you chose this person.
Q5) In what situations are men more likely to help compared to women?
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