Social Inequality in Canada Pre-Test Questions
Course Introduction
This course examines the patterns, causes, and consequences of social inequality in Canada, focusing on the distribution of resources, opportunities, and privileges within Canadian society. Students will explore key sociological theories and concepts related to class, race, gender, ethnicity, and Indigenous status, analyzing how these intersect to shape individual and group experiences. The course also investigates the roles of institutions such as education, the labour market, and the criminal justice system in perpetuating or challenging inequality. Through a combination of lectures, discussions, and case studies, students will gain a critical understanding of social justice issues and the efforts to address inequality in contemporary Canada.
Recommended Textbook Deviance Conformity and Social Control in Canada 4th Edition by Tami M. Bereska
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10 Chapters
788 Verified Questions
788 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Introduction
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Sample Questions
Q1) The _______________ / ____________ dichotomy has traditionally served as the foundation for discussing definitions of deviance.
A)objective/subjective
B)singular/pluralistic
C)dissensus/consensus
D)social typing/constructionist
E)statistical/normative
Answer: A
Q2) According to the definition of deviance that emphasizes harm,something is "deviant" only if it harms someone else rather than oneself.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) One of the limitations of using harm as the defining characteristic of deviance is that perceptions of harm change over time.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Explaining Deviance: the Act
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76 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cohen's theory of status frustration is categorized as both a subcultural theory and a functionalist theory.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) According to Merton's strain theory,what causes deviance?
A)a gap between institutionalized goals and illegitimate means of achieving those goals
B)structure of society
C)availability of illegitimate opportunities
D)breakdown of social bonds due to rapid social change
E)the need to reduce societal tensions by "letting off steam."
Answer: B
Q3) According to Agnew's general strain theory,strain must be accompanied by negative emotions in order for deviance to emerge.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 3: Explaining Deviance: the Perception, Reaction,and Power
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80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Feminist theorizing is done from outside of the dominant theoretical perspectives within sociology,but also from within the dominant theoretical perspectives.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Of the following theories,which one is not a critical theory?
A)Marxist theories
B)feminist theories
C)postmodernist theories
D)non-Marxist conflict theories
E)all of the above are critical theories
Answer: E
Q3) According to Becker (1963),a deviant label assumes the level of master status,which contributes to the individual's exclusion from the conforming world.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 4: Deviance 20: the Role of the Media
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Sample Questions
Q1) Bandura's behaviour research on the impact of observing violence suggested that children's behaviours are influenced by watching violent and aggressive acts.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Analyze the impact of a 'frame' that depicts a marginalized group in a particular manner in the media.Outline the various ways that this group is displayed and the overall social impact of this framing.
Q3) Critical research in media studies analyze social control and power structures in relation to the media.
A)True
B)False
Q4) An suicide bomber who kills a bus full of people in a crowded downtown area would be considered a 'stigmatized other' according to Greer and Jewkes' analysis of media construction of otherness.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Compare the difference between administrative and critical research in studies of media.Provide an example of each.
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Chapter 5: Deviant and Normal Sexuality
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Sample Questions
Q1) The dominant meaning of sexuality has changed in North America from the 17<sup>th</sup> century to the 21<sup>st</sup> century.Which of the following lists consists of the correct chronological order of these changes in meaning?
A)reproduction within marriage; personal fulfillment; intimacy within marriage
B)intimacy within marriage; personal fulfillment; reproduction within marriage
C)intimacy within marriage; reproduction within marriage; personal fulfillment
D)reproduction within marriage; intimacy within marriage; personal fulfillment
E)personal fulfillment; reproduction within marriage; intimacy within marriage
Q2) All male immigrants to Canada in the 19<sup>th</sup> century were seen as a threat to white women.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Within the traditional belief system of some Aboriginal cultures,it was suggested that from the beginning of time,it was meant that there should be people who are homosexual.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Explain how the construction of "normal" sexuality in ancient Athens (5<sup>th</sup> century B.C.)was linked with power relations.
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Chapter 6: The Troubling and Troubled World of Youth
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Sample Questions
Q1) Newspapers __________________the gang problem,in that stories about gangs frequently include references to racial or ethnic groups.
A)Stigmatize
B)Factualize
C)Normalize
D)Racialize
E)Deviantize
Q2) Disputing the notion of the generation gap,Berger claimed that teenage interests are:
A)set in motion by adults.
B)also present in the adult world.
C)set in motion by adults, and also present in the adult world.
D)a temporary aspect of the developmental task of achieving an independent identity.
E)characteristic of the sturm und drang of adolescence.
Q3) Explain how Grekul and LaBoucane-Benson (2007)combine social bonds theory,conflict theory,and labelling theory in their analysis of Aboriginal gangs in Canada.
Q4) Describe and briefly de-construct the question "why are fraternities not considered gangs?".
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Chapter 7: Looking Deviant: Physical Appearance
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Sample Questions
Q1) Among 12-18 year olds,tattoos and piercings are more prevalent among females than among males.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In a popular survey of men and women,a "skinny" female body (as illustrated by a runway model)was rated as more attractive than a "muscular" female body (as illustrated by Ms.Fitness America).
A)True
B)False
Q3) When looking at 16-30 year olds with piercings,age at first piercing was associated with greater psychopathy,in that those who received their first piercing in early adolescence scored higher on this psychological measure.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Describe the process of the medicalization of body image.
Q5) Weight loss is an example of a redesigning body project.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Discuss the consequences of socially controlling body image.
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Chapter 8: Mental Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Rates of mental disorder are higher in women than in men.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following statements accurately describes Rosenhan's research on psychiatric diagnosis and treatment ("Being sane in insane places")?
A)when the pseudo-patients intercepted staff members to ask them simple questions, more than 70% of the psychiatrists and nursing staff averted their eyes and walked away
B)the fact that the psychiatrists were unable to detect the "sanity" of the pseudo-patients was primarily because the pseudo-patients were not acting "sane" enough
C)other mental patients were even less accurate than the medical staff in detecting the "sanity" of the pseudo-patients
D)most of the pseudo-patients were released with a diagnosis of "no detectable mental illness"
E)all of the statements listed above describe Rosenhan's research
Q3) Discuss Rosenhan's (1973)explanation of how social factors and psychiatric biases affect the diagnosis of the mentally ill.
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Page 10
Chapter 9: What Do You Believe Religion, science, and Deviance
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Sample Questions
Q1) The theory underlying the science of eugenics was known as A)iceberg theory
B)power-reflexive theory
C)social Darwinism
D)colonization theory.
E)bio-social theory
Q2) In practice,the Alberta Eugenics Board attached the label of "mental defective" to people with low IQs,people who had "immoral" lifestyles,immigrants who were unable to speak English,and even young women who were gang-raped.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Within the normative structure of science (Merton,1973),the norm of disinterestedness means that scientific work is done in the name of "truth."
A)True
B)False
Q4) Using specific examples,explain the notion of religion as deviance.
Q5) Examine the two ways that the social typing process can be applied to deviance within the context of religion.
Q6) Distinguish among the characteristics of ecclesia,churches,sects,and cults.
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Chapter 10: The Deviance Dance Continues
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Sample Questions
Q1) More subjective approaches to deviance focus on
A)the social causes of deviance.
B)the psychological causes of deviance.
C)the role of power in the social typing process.
D)perceptions of and reactions to deviance.
E)both the role of power and perceptions of/reactions to deviance.
Q2) Provide three specific examples of how researchers who lean toward the more objective end of the objective-subjective continuum have studied deviance; each example must be drawn from a different chapter.
Q3) Which of the following is an example of how more subjective research interests have been integrated into the textbook?
A)the exploration of how the perceptions of youth crime influence social control measures directed at youth crime
B)research on the social factors that contribute to the development of anorexia
C)research on the social and economic costs of mental illness in society
D)research on the characteristics of "destructive" cults
E)the iceberg theory of scientific deviance
Q4) Discuss the deviance dance in relation to one of the substantive issues that has been addressed in the textbook.
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