Social Inequality
Exam Bank
Course Introduction
Social Inequality explores the patterns, causes, and consequences of unequal distribution of resources and opportunities in society. The course examines how factors such as class, race, gender, ethnicity, and age intersect to shape individuals life chances and social mobility. Students analyze foundational theories, review empirical research, and engage with contemporary debates on poverty, wealth, discrimination, and policy interventions. Through case studies and comparative perspectives, the course fosters a deeper understanding of how social inequality is produced and maintained, as well as strategies for promoting equity and social justice.
Recommended Textbook
Race in America 1st Edition by Matthew Desmond
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Race in the Twenty-First Century
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Q1) The current _______________ in the United States delineates five major groups.
A)homogenizing heading
B)ethnic variation
C)cultural schema
D)racial taxonomy
Answer: D
Q2) Racial categories are ________________ when symbolic groupings,the products of specific historical contexts,are mistakenly considered natural and immutable.
A)legal
B)undermined
C)naturalized
D)erased
Answer: C
Q3) Which of the following is a key feature of symbolic power?
A)the ability to categorize and name
B)the ability to determine salaries and wages
C)the ability to draw upon social networks
D)brute force
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: The Invention of Race
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Q1) How many Cherokees died along the Trail of Tears,the 1,200-mile-long forced journey from Georgia,Tennessee,North Carolina,and Alabama to Oklahoma and Arkansas?
A)50
B)700
C)2,000
D)4,000
Answer: D
Q2) What was the problem with the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo,which promised U.S.citizenship rights to Mexicans in ceded lands?
A)The promise was never fulfilled.
B)It required them to pay high taxes on their land.
C)Citizenship status was only granted to Mexican men.
D)Most Mexicans in ceded lands did not want U.S.citizenship.
Answer: A
Q3) What were two ways in which slaves rebelled against their masters?
Answer: Answers may include the following: Subtle resistance,such as playing dumb and working slowly,and more overt resistance,such as armed rebellion and fleeing the South.
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Chapter 3: Politics
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Q1) Postville,Iowa,has seen a rapid influx of Latino residents in recent years.The "threat hypothesis" would predict that Postville's white residents may react to this change in which of the following ways?
A)opposing bilingual education
B)promoting self-defense
C)revisiting their own European heritage
D)working with Latino residents to detract additional newcomers
Answer: A
Q2) Jarrod is a 48-year-old wealthy,African American CEO.Which political party is he most likely to vote for?
A)Independent
B)Republican
C)Green
D)Democrat
Answer: D
Q3) What was the social significance of Emmett Till's murder?
Answer: Answers will vary and should include the following: His murder galvanized and energized many Americans,black and white,to participate in the Civil Rights Movement.
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Chapter 4: Economics
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Q1) Which of the following groups of workers might company executives refer to as "strike insurance"?
A)workers who never initiate strikes because they receive high pay and good benefits
B)women workers who are too passive to initiate strikes
C)African American workers who replace striking workers
D)managers who strong-arm their employees into not striking
Q2) Between 1984 and 2009,what happened to the wealth gap between white and black families?
A)The wealth gap virtually disappeared.
B)The wealth gap nearly doubled.
C)The wealth gap nearly tripled.
D)The wealth gap nearly quadrupled.
Q3) What happened when antipoverty programs became intertwined with antiracism movements?
A)People of color entered PhD programs at higher rates.
B)The racial employment gap dramatically decreased.
C)Whites began turning away from the Democratic Party and their new policies.
D)Welfare use went down,especially among African Americans.
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Chapter 5: Housing
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Q1) Which of the following were findings of the Detroit Area Survey?
A)The majority of black respondents said their ideal neighborhood was 50 percent black and 50 percent white,while 84 percent of white respondents said they would not enter such a neighborhood.
B)The majority of black respondents said their ideal neighborhood was 75 percent black and 25 percent white,and white respondents preferred a neighborhood that was 50 percent white and 50 percent black.
C)The majority of white respondents said their ideal neighborhood was one with 50 percent black and 50 percent white residents,and a majority of black respondents said they would not feel comfortable entering such a neighborhood.
D)The majority of black respondents would move away from a neighborhood that was 50 percent white and 50 percent black,while whites would prefer to move to this type of neighborhood.
Q2) It has been said that ending residential segregation in the United States is going to require a "moral commitment" from white America.What is meant by "moral commitment," and why is this commitment necessary from white America in order to end segregation?
Q3) What are two purposes that ethnic enclaves serve for immigrants?
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Crime and Punishment
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Q1) When Eric Garner,a black man,was killed by the police in 2014,his only official crime was selling loose cigarettes.What might be another reason that the police attacked him?
A)Cigarettes are a gateway drug,especially for black youth.
B)Garner was involved in an elaborate street gang.
C)Garner had a long history of attacking police officers and members of his own community.
D)Both whites and nonwhites believe that black men are more prone to violence than white men.
Q2) Evaluate the claim that the rise in the prison population was simply a response to a rising crime rate.Provide at least two pieces of evidence from Chapter 6 to support your answer.
Q3) According to the textbook,what is one political consequence of being imprisoned?
A)In many states,felons lose the right to vote.
B)People with criminal records are eliminated from job applicant pools.
C)Incarcerated parents miss out on key events of their children's lives.
D)Felons are more likely to vote than nonfelons.
Q4) What are the two reasons why most of the prison boom cannot be explained by rising crime rates?
Q5) In what way did lynch mobs uphold white patriarchy?
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Chapter 7: Education
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Q1) Compare the findings of Annettte Lareau and the psychologists Betty Hart and Todd Risley.What are the common findings? How would you suggest a local elementary school communicate research-based suggestions to teachers and parents?
Q2) Which best summarizes educational current completion rates by race?
A)High school completion rates are down for all racial groups,but college completion rates have increased for all racial groups.
B)College completion rates are down for all racial groups,but high school completion rates have increased for all racial groups.
C)Completion rates for both high school and college have stagnated for all racial groups.
D)Completion rates for both high school and college have increased for all racial groups.
Q3) In An American Dilemma,Gunnar Myrdal argued that segregation was furthered by which group's sense of status competition?
A)Irish Americans
B)poor whites
C)African Americans
D)American Indians
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Chapter 8: Aesthetics
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Q1) What is one way antiracist art responds to the racist aesthetic?
A)belittling the artists who create the racist aesthetic
B)refusing to work with white sponsors
C)correcting distorted representations of nonwhites
D)misrepresenting white people
Q2) How are regulations in many professional settings against traditional African American fashion such as Afros,dashikis,and brightly colored suits)connected to the historical development of race and class divisions between high- and lowbrow culture?
Q3) In Chapter 8,the textbook authors discuss how the dominant art world often serves to "exoticize" people of color.Using the concepts of cultural appropriation and the white gaze,explain what the authors mean by this and why it might be negative for people and artists of color.
Q4) The fact that most art museums were closed on Sunday and had high entrance fees had what effect in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries?
A)made art available for nonwhite laborers to enjoy during their leisure time
B)limited the enjoyment of art primarily to the white leisure class
C)broadened the appeal and interest of art to all ethnic and income groups
D)taught the working class how to appreciate art
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Associations
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Q1) In the early twentieth century,Marcus Garvey advocated a black nationalism movement that can be described as:
A)an empowering form of separate but equal where blacks and whites shared in the power of American government and civil society
B)the precursor to the civil disobedience movements of the 1950s and 1960s,advocating for nonviolent resistance
C)a legal reformatory program centered on the expansion of black rights through the recognition of equality in American civil law and social policy
D)a movement seeking power for blacks in the form of black-owned businesses and a black-run government and military
Q2) What are the key demographic characteristics of the states with the highest percentages of white nationalists per 100,000 people?
Q3) The textbook authors argue that to bring out the full democratic potential in our associational life,we must bridge racial divides in American institutions.Describe how those divides might be addressed in and between two social institutions.
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Chapter 10: Intimate Life
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Q1) Why have some historians labeled the black family under slavery a "reproductive unit"?
Q2) When a native-born,third-generation Chinese American woman encounters repeated interactions with others where she is asked,"Where are you originally from?," what aspects of her identity are being highlighted?
A)the way that her gender and presumed Asian ancestry coincide
B)the way that the person making the inquiry is taking an interest in her Chinese ethnicity
C)the way that many native-born Asian American citizens remain in a position symbolically tied to an assumed immigrant status
D)the way her age overlaps with her presumed immigrant status
Q3) Noting that being from the inner-city,the suburbs,or a rural area is acknowledging the importance of ________________ as a part of individual identity.
A)self-awareness
B)physicality
C)geography
D)modality
Q4) What is "racial authenticity," and why is it important?
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Toward Racial Democracy
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Q1) After the national crisis on September 11,2001,the phrase "United We Stand" emerged as a unifier across racial boundaries.Does this phrase represent the framework of color-blindness or cosmopolitanism?
Q2) A metaphor for the multicultural framework that the textbook mentions is:
A)a salad bowl
B)a jar of mixed nuts
C)a mosaic
D)a graffiti mural
Q3) According to the textbook authors,when it comes to confronting people who make racist comments:
A)it's best not to ask them questions about their beliefs or comments
B)thinking about your timing to challenge the comments may be as important as what you say
C)it is important to make sure that you "win" the confrontation with the offending person
D)it is always best to deal with these comments on the spot right when they happen)
Q4) Explain the steps of Park's race relations cycle.
Q5) What is the basic problem with statements such as "Blacks are very athletic."?
Q6) Explain why the melting pot is the common symbol of American assimilation.
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